Name: ______________________

Section: _____________________
`Answer Sheet

Activity 1 Activity 5 Activity 8

1. ______ 1. _____________ 1. ____________
2.
3.
4. ______ 3. _____________ 3. ____________
5. ______ 4. _____________ 4. ____________
6. ______ 5. _____________ 5. ____________ 4th Quarter
6. ____________
Activity 2 Activity 6 Activity 9
1. _____________ 1. _____________ 1. ____________
2. _____________ 2. _____________ 2. ____________
3. _____________ 3. _____________ 3. ____________
4. _____________ 4. _____________ 4. ____________
5. _____________ 5. _____________ 5. ____________

Activity 3 Activity 7 Activity 10

1.
2. _____________ 2. ____________ 2. ___________
3. _____________ 3. ____________ 3. ___________
4. _____________ 4. ____________ 4. ___________
5. _____________ 5. ____________ 5. ___________
6. ____________
Activity 4 7. ____________
1. _____________ 8. ____________
2. _____________ 9. ____________
3. _____________ 10. ___________
4. _____________
5. _____________
Gases have important fundamental properties that are measurable such as volume, pressure,
temperature, and amount of the gas or number of moles. In Boyle’s law, you have to investigate the
relationship between volume and pressure at constant temperature. Volume is denoted by the symbol a. 100mL b. 250ml c.500ml d. 1000ml
V Suggestion and Reactions: Dahil sa pandemya ay nabago ang ating pamumuhay
and its SI unit is in Liter (L); it can also be expressed in milliliters (mL), cubic meters (m3), and cubic
centimeter (cm3). Pressure is denoted by the symbol P. Pressure of the gas is the force exerted by the
at mga gawi. Pumasok tayo sa new normal na tinatawag at ang ating pag-aaral
gas per unit area. It depends on the kinetic energy of the molecules. Pressure of a gas is directly ay naging modular in general. Para sa iyo, ano pa ang maisasuggest mo para
proportional to its temperature. The SI unit used for pressure is Pascal (Pa) which was named after the mas mapaganda at maging epektibo ang pag-aaral mo as modular/digital? Ano
scientist Blaise Pascal. Pascal is equivalent to a force of 1 Newton acting on one (1) square meter maisasuggest mo na pwede naming gawin na bagay para mas mapaganda pa at
(N/m2). Temperature of a gas is denoted by the letter T. The temperature of a gas depends on the
kinetic maging epektibo kaming guro kahit sa modular or digital. (May ekstra puntos).
energy of a gas. Gases expand when temperature is increased. Temperature of a gas is generally
expressed in Fahrenheit (0F), Celsius degree (0C), and Kelvin (K). Among the units of temperature, we Advance congratulations sa inyo G10 Students.
always express it in Kelvin (K) temperature. Thus, you need to convert Celsius value to Kelvin, which
was
named after Lord Kelvin, a Scottish physicist who has identified the lowest attainable temperature
known as absolute zero with a value -273.15 0C. To convert Celsius to Kelvin you have to use the
equation K=0C + 273.15.
What is Boyle’s law and what is its significance? Boyle’s law explains that when the pressure changes
on a certain amount of gas, its size is inversely proportional to the pressure, provided that the
temperature is constant. The law is described by the mathematical equation PV = K. Wherein, Pressure \
is equal to constant/volume and usually written as: P1V1=P2V2, which is shown and described in figure

2 below.

If you have to use this formula in solving the sample problem below, just substitute the value then solve
for what is ask correctly. Suppose a Freon in an air-conditioning unit has a volume of 0.40 liter. It is
allowed to function in a room where the pressure is about 600 mmHg, assuming that the temperature is
in a constant state. Find the final pressure of freon when its volume is increased to 1.0 Liter?
Given: P1= 600 mmHg V1 = 0.40 L
P2=? V2 = 1.0 L
Formula: P2= (P1V1)/ V2
Substitution: P2 = [(600 mmHg) (0.40 L)] / 1.0 L
Final Answer: P2 = 240 mmHg
The importance of Boyle’s law lies in being the first law to describe the behavior of gases. It explained
that the gases spread in the medium, that is, the volume increases if the pressure is decreased and
vice versa (the particles are displaced from each other and move easily) if the gas is compressed,
causing the volume to shrink.

Activity 1: Problem Solving: Write your answer on the answer sheet at the back of this module.
1. A balloon with a volume of 2L is filled with a gas at 3 atm. If the pressure is reduced to 0.5atm
without a change of temperature, what would be the volume of the balloon?
a. 3L b. 6L c. 9L d. 12L
2. A container holds 500 mL of CO2 at 20 °C at 1 atm. What will be the volume of the CO2 if the
pressure is increased to 2atm?
5. Neutralization Reaction 3. A balloon contains 10 L of He. The pressure is reduced to 2.00 atm and the balloon expands
➢ A neutralization reaction can be defined as a chemical reaction in which an to occupy a volume of 20L. What was the initial pressure exerted on the balloon?
acid and base quantitatively react together to form a salt and water as a. 2atm b. 4atm c. 6atm d. 8atm
products. 4. A sample of neon occupies a volume of 100 mL at 1atm. What will be the volume of the neon
➢ In a neutralization reaction, there is a combination of H+ ions and OH– ions when the pressure is reduced to 0.25atm?
which form water. A neutralization reaction is generally an acid-base a. 400 ml b. 300ml c. 200ml d. 100ml
neutralization reaction. 5. 300 mL of chlorine under a pressure of 2atm are placed in a container under a pressure of
4atm. The temperature remains constant at 296 K. What is the final volume of the container?
➢ Neutralization Reaction Examples:
a. 150mL b. 200mL c. 250mL d. 300mL
• Formation of Sodium Chloride (Common Salt):
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O
Activity 2: Directions: Rearrange the jumbled letters inside the parenthesis, Write your answer on the
• Titration methods using phenolphthalein.
answer sheet at the back of this module. Relate each statement to scuba diving activities.
6. Combustion Reaction
Diving into deep water is another application of (1) ___________ (s’leByo) law. As the diver moves
➢ All combustion reactions fall into the pattern: down to the bottom of the water, the (2) ____________(respseru) increases. Increasing pressure leads
fuel + O2 CO2 + H2O to a decrease in (3) _________ (lovemu), and the diver’s blood begins to absorb the nitrogen gas. The
➢ The coefficients of the balanced equation will change depending on the opposite happens when the diver starts to rise again, and the nitrogen gas molecules begin to expand
fuel. The fuel can be almost anything including methane (CH4), propane and return to its volume. If the diver makes a slow rise, the nitrogen gas (4) _____________
(C3H8), butane (C4H10), octane (C8H18) or sugar (C6H12O6). (lesmolecu) expand and return to normal without problems, but if it rises quickly, the diver’s blood turns
➢ The balanced equation for methane is CH4 + 2O2 - CO2 + 2 H2O into foam and
the same mess that occurs in the soda bottles causes the diver to bend and feel strong pain. In the
worst case, this sudden drop in body pressure can instantly terminate the diver’s (5) ___________
Activity 10: Identify the type from the given pattern of the different types of chemical reactions. Write (ifel).
your answer on the answer sheet at the back of this module.
CHARLES’S LAW: Volume-Temperature Relationship

Jacques Alexandre Charles, a French physicist, performed an experiment using a balloon, hot
__________________ water, and cold water. Based on his observations, he discovered the relationship between the volume
and the temperature of gases at constant pressure. He found out that various gases expanded by the
__________________ same amount when heated through the same temperature interval. Through his observations, he
proposed the Charles’ Law which states that the Kelvin temperature and the volume of a gas are
directly related when there is no change in pressure. In this lesson you have to take note that among
_________________ the units of temperature, we always express it in Kelvin (K) temperature. Thus, you need to convert
Celsius value to Kelvin, which was named after Lord Kelvin, a Scottish physicist who has identified the
lowest attainable temperature known as absolute zero with a value -273 0C. To convert Celsius to
__________________ Kelvin you have to use the equation K=0C + 273. Charles’ Law is mathematically expressed as V∞T or
V/T = K, where K is proportional constant. For a given sample of gas under two different conditions at a
constant pressure, the equation can be written as: V1 / T1 = V2 / T2.
_________________ Charles' Law gives the relationship between volume and temperature if the pressure (P) and the
amount of gas (n) are held constant: 1). If the Kelvin temperature of a gas is increased, the volume of
the gas increases. (P and n are Constant) 2). If the Kelvin temperature of a gas is decreased, the
volume of the gas decreases. (P and n are Constant) This means that the volume of a gas is directly BIOMOLECULES
proportional to its Kelvin temperature. Think of it this way, if you increase the volume of a gas and must Carbohydrates are the major source of energy in our body. These are simple sugar, starch sugar and
keep the pressure constant the only way to achieve this is for the temperature of the gas to increase as cellulose. All carbohydrates contain carbon hydrogen and oxygen. Boyle’s Law Charle’s Law Gay
well.The concept of Charles’ Law is evident in an inflated balloon that shrinks when placed inside the Lussac’s LawCarbohydrates are classified as monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide
refrigerator. It is also applied during cold weather, bicycle tires become flat because the air inside the according to the number of monosaccharides linked together to form a molecule. Monosaccharide,
bicycle tires shrink. Shrinking of an inflated balloon and a bicycle tire in a very low temperature show “mono” means one and saccharides also known as carbohydrates. They often called simple sugar that
the decrease of cannot be hydrolyzed to simple sugar. It is white solid at room temperature and very soluble in water.
Glucose (C6H12O6) is the most important of the monosaccharides It is found in the free state in the
volume which explains that the relationship of volume and temperature is directly related at constant plant
pressure. Experiment #3 REACTANT(S) PRODUCT(S)
Sample problem Magnesium + Oxygen ------> Magnesium Oxide
Calculate the decrease in temperature when 2L at 21.0 °C is compressed to 1.00 L. 12.2 g + 8.0 g ------> ?g
Given: V1 = 2L T1 = 21 +273K = 294K V2 = 1L Assuming that magnesium and oxygen will react completely with one another, predict the
Required: T2 mass of magnesium oxide that will be produced. Answer 5 ______________
Solution: V1 / T1 = V2 / T2 or V1T2 = V2T1 --- T2 = ( V2T1)/ V1
T2 = (1L X 294K) / 2L Experiment #4 REACTANT(S) PRODUCT(S)
= 147K Magnesium + Oxygen ------> Magnesium Oxide + Oxygen
48.6 g + 50.0 g -----> 80.6 g +?
Activity 3: Problem Solving: Write your answer on the answer sheet at the back of this module. Predict the mass of oxygen that will be left over after the reaction of 48.6 grams of
magnesium with 50.0 grams of oxygen. Answer#6: ___________________________
1. 600.0 mL of air is at 20.0 °C. What is the volume at 60.0 °C?
a. 528mL b. 682mL c. 765mL d. 875mL Activity 9: Balancing Act: Determine which among the following chemical equations are correctly
2. A gas occupies 900.0 mL at a temperature of 27.0 °C. What is the volume at 132.0 °C? balanced. Put a (✓) on items with balanced equation and mark (x) for chemical equations that are nor
a. 1215mL b. 607.5mL c. 2430mL d. none of these balanced. Write your answer on the answer sheet at the back of this module.
3. Given 300.0 mL of a gas at 17.0 °C. What is its volume at 10.0 °C?
a. 192.76mL b. 292.76mL c. 292.76mL d. 492.76mL _________ 1. C4H10O + 6 O2 4CO2 + 5H2O
4. A gas occupies 1.00 L at 0 °C. What is the volume at 333.0 °C? _________ 2. C7H16 + 11O2 7CO2 + 8H2O
a. 2.22L b. 3.22L c. 4.24L d. 6.24L _________ 3. 4H2SiCl2 + 4 H2O 3H8Si4O4 + 8HCl
5. At 27.00 °C a gas has a volume of 6.00 L. What will the volume be at 150.0 °C? _________ 4. C7H9 + 3HNO3 C7H6(NO2)3 + 3H2O
a. 8.46L b. 9.46L c. 10.46L d. none of these _________ 5. C5H8O2 + 2NaH + 2HCl C5H12O2 + 2 NaCl

Activity 4: complete the statements by filling in each blank with a correct answer using the word written TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
in each balloon. Write your answer on the answer sheet at the back of this module. 1. Synthesis or Combination Reaction
Charles's law is a gas law relates volume to ➢ A reaction in which two or more reactants combine to form a single product is
temperature. The law is named after (1) known as a combination reaction. ➢ Example of combination reaction: 2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl
_____________________, who was a French
A + B = AB
inventor and scientist. He found through his
2. Decomposition Reaction
experiment the volume of a gas increases linearly
with an increase in the (2) _____________________. ➢ A reaction in which a single compound break into two or more simpler
Shrinking of an inflated balloon and a bicycle tire in a compounds is known as a decomposition reaction.
very low temperature show the decrease of (3) Example of a decomposition reaction: CaCO3 → CaO + CO2
______________ which explains that the relationship AB =A + B
of volume and temperature is directly related at 3. . Single Replacement Reaction
constant (4) ______________. For a given sample of gas under two different conditions at a constant ➢ A chemical reaction in which a more reactive element displaces a less reactive
pressure, the equation can be written as (5) ________________________. element from its aqueous salt solution.
➢ It is also called a substitution reaction.
➢ Example of displacement reaction: Zn + CuSO4 → ZnSO4 + Cu 3. What is the total mass of reactants? 3. ___________________________________
A + BC = AC +B
4. Double Displacement Reaction Experiment #2 REACTANT(S) PRODUCT(S)
➢ A chemical reaction in which ions gets exchanged between two reactants Magnesium + Oxygen ------> Magnesium Oxide
which form a new compound is called a double displacement reaction. ?g + 16.0 g ------> 40.3 g
➢ It is also called a metathesis reaction Based on the Law of Conservation of Mass, predict the minimum amount of magnesium that
will react with all 16.0 grams of oxygen to produce 40.3 grams of magnesium oxide. Answer:
➢ Example of double displacement reaction: 4. ___________________________
BaCl2 + Na2SO4 → BaSO4 + 2NaC
and animal tissue. It is the major carbohydrates of the body and it is carried by the bloodstream to all
parts of the body. It is sometimes known as blood sugar because it is most abundant carbohydrates in
the blood found in urine of those who have diabetes mellitus (sugar diabetes). Some examples include,
honey, dried fruits such as apples, dates and sultanas. Canned fruits such as pineapple, strawberry
and plum, fresh fruits including grapes, apples, pear, kiwi & banana. Disaccharides are carbohydrates
that yield two monosaccharide molecules upon hydrolysis. The three disaccharides that are separately
important from the biological point of view are sucrose, lactose, and maltose. This provides quick
source of energy, because they’re only made up of two sugar molecules, they’re easily broken down by
enzymes in your digestive system into their monosaccharides and then absorbed into their bloodstream
Some examples include, sugar cane and sugar beet, table sugar, manufactured foods, such as cakes,
cookies, and dark chocolate, sweet root vegetables such as beetroot and carrots. Sucrose
(C12H12O11), glucose + fructose -commonly known as table sugar in the free state throughout the
plant kingdom. Good sources of sucrose are sugar cane, sugar beets, maple syrup and sorghum.
Lactose (C12H12O11), glucose + galactose-or milk sugar is found in nature mainly in the milk of
mammals. Human milk contains about 6.7% lactose and cow’s milk contains about 4.5% of the same.
Maltose, glucose + glucose-is found much less commonly in nature than either sucrose or lactose. It is
found in sprouting grains. Polysaccharides are also called complex carbohydrates and can be
hydrolyzed into many monosaccharide units’, examples, vegetables, fruit, nuts, cereal bran. Three of
the most important polysaccharides are starch, cellulose and glycogen. Starch is a polymer of glucose.
It is found mainly in the seeds, roots and tubes of plants. The chief sources of starch are corn,
potatoes, rice, and cassava whose uses are for foods. Cellulose, like starch, is also a polymer of
glucose. It differs from starch in a way the cyclic glucose unit are linked together to form chains. It is the
chief structural components of plants and woods. Cotton fibers are almost pure cellulose. After removal
of moisture, these fibers consist of about 50% cellulose. It is also used for making rayon fibers,
photographic fil and cellophane. It is an important source of bulk in the diet. Glycogen is the reserve
carbohydrates of the animal kingdom and it is often called animal starch. It is formed in the body by
polymerization of glucose and stored, especially, in the liver and muscle tissue. When the body needs
it, glycogen is converted back to glucose, which is ultimately oxidized to carbon dioxide and water with
Activity 8: Conservation of Mass: Directions: Examine the data for each of the following combustion the release of energy. The energy is used by the body for maintenance, growth, and other normal
experiments and answer the questions based on analysis of the data. Write your answer on the answer functions.
sheet at the back of this module.
Activity 5: How Sweet Are You: Sugars are an important source of energy with glucose being the most important
Experiment #1 REACTANT(S) PRODUCT(S) for the body. The brain requires around 130 grams of sugar (glucose) per day to keep functioning. How sweet are
Magnesium + Oxygen ------> Magnesium Oxide the sugars? Refer to the table below of the relative sweetness of sugars and sugar substitutes based on fructose
48.6 g + 32.0 g ------> 80.6 g =100. Match Raw A with its corresponding percentage relative sweetness in Raw B. Write your answer on the
What is the mass of each reactant? 1. ____________________________________ answer sheet at the back of this module.
2. What is the mass of the product? 2. _______________________________________
 fat is it?
A.
Healthy fat
B.

Raw 1 1. Fructose 2. Sucrose 3. Glucose 4. Maltose 5. Lactose

Saturated fat C. Unhealthy acid D.
Raw 2 a. 58 b.100 c. 19 d. 43 e. 9.2 Unsaturated fat
5. A fish oil cannot cause plaque build-up because they contain
Lipids what kind of fat?
A. Healthy fat B. Saturated fat C. Unhealthy
Lipids are molecules that consist of hydrocarbons and bring up the building blocks of the acid D. Unsaturated fat
composition and function of living cells. Examples of lipids involve fats, oils, waxes, certain vitamins
(such as A, D, E and K), hormones and nearly all the cell membrane that is not made up of protein. Activity 7: Biomolecules: Directions: Using the food label
SIMPLE LIPIDS: Simple lipids are divided into two classes namely, Neutral fats and waxes. It provided. Identify the amount in grams/ percentage of each
contained esters of fatty acids with various alcohols. A. Neutral fats: Esters of fatty acids with glycerol. biomolecules present in the food label. Write your answer on
Triacylglycerol is an example for Neutral fats. Oils are fats in the liquid state. B. waxes: Waxes are the answer sheet at the back of this module. *
esters of fatty acids with higher mono hydroxy aliphatic alcohols. True waxes, cholesterol esters and
vitamin A and D esters are example Vitamin Absorption Insulation Storage Antibiotic Activity Energy
source-fuel in our body Structural Role Endocrine Function Nervous System Biological Importance of
Lipids for waxes. Waxes are found almost everywhere. Fruits and leaves of many plants have waxy
coatings, that can protect them from small predators and dehydration. Fur of a few animals and the Serving size 1. _______
feathers of birds keep same coatings serving as water repellants. Serving per container 2. _____
COMPLEX LIPIDS: They are the esters of fatty acids containing groups, other than and in Proteins 3. _______
addition, to an alcohol and fatty acids. A) Phospholipids: In addition to fatty acids and alcohol presence, Carbohydrates 4. _______
they also contain phosphorous, nitrogenous bases and other substitution groups. Lecithin and Calories 5. _______
cephalins are examples for phospholipids. B) Glycolipids: Lipids containing carbohydrates are referred Vitamins 6. _______
as glycolipids. They contain a special alcohol moiety called sphingosine or sphingol and nitrogenous Calories from fat 7. _______
base. They do not have phosphorous. Gangliosides and cerebrosides are examples of compounds Total fat 8. _______
lipids. C) Sulpholipids: Lipids with sulfate groups are referred as sulpholipids. D) Lipoproteins: When Cholesterol 9. _______
lipids contain protein then they are known as lipoproteins. Sodium 10. _______

Activity 6: Multiple Choices: Write your answer on the answer sheet at the back of this module.
1. What do you call a fat that is very important during insulation?
A. Cholesterol B. Glycogen c. starch d. triglycerides
2. Which types of atoms mainly composes the lipids? Law of Conservation of Mass and Balancing Chemical Equations
A. C,H,O B. C,H,N C. C,O,N D. O,H,N
3. What group of compounds are fats, waxes and oils? The Law of Conservation of Mass Imagine you enter a closed system, a room that is perfectly
A. carbohydrates B. Lipids C. nucleic acid D. protein sealed where nothing can enter the room, and nothing can escape. In this closed system, you light a
4. Junk foods contained fatty acids which makes the heart unhealthy. What kind of candle and let it burn, watching as some of the wax seems to disappear as the flame travels down the
wick. Where does the wax go? Is it truly disappearing? The Law of Conservation of Mass dates from
Antoine Lavoisier's 1789 discovery that mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions. In
other words, the mass of any one element at the beginning of a reaction will equal the mass of that
element at the end of the reaction. If we account for all reactants and products in a chemical reaction,
the total mass will be the same at any point in time in any closed system. The law of conservation of
mass states that in a closed system, the mass of the system cannot change over time. Look at our
example of the candle in the closed room. Though much of the wax itself is no longer present in its
original form, all the mass of the wax is still present in the room, albeit in a different form. When the
flame was lit, oxygen gas from the room reacted with the candle wax to produce water vapor and
carbon dioxide gas. If you massed the reactants oxygen and wax, it would equal the mass of the
products water and carbon dioxide. We can remember the law of conservation of mass with this simple
statement: The mass of the reactants must equal the mass of the products.
Sadly, for fans of magic, anything that has mass, including matter and energy, cannot be
created or destroyed. That means, mass cannot simply appear out of nowhere and equally it cannot
disappear. Matter may change forms however, giving the illusion of nothing out of something or vice
versa, but the mass of the matter is always the same before and after the change. If 22 grams of
reactants go into a chemical reaction, then 22 grams of products must be produced.
A balanced chemical is equation has equal numbers of atoms for each element involved in the
reaction are represented on the reactant and product sides. This is a requirement the equation must
satisfy to be consistent with the law of conservation of matter. It may be confirmed by simply summing
the numbers of atoms on either side of the arrow and comparing these sums to ensure they are equal.
Note that the number of atoms for a given element is calculated by multiplying the coefficient of any
formula containing that element by the element’s subscript in the formula. If an element appears in
more than one formula on a given side of the equation, the number of atoms represented in each must
be computed and then added together.