SIGMUND ADRIAN E.

ALABA GRADE 9 - NEWTON

Science 9, Quarter 4, Week 1

UNIFORMLY ACCELERATED MOTION

ACTIVITY 1. ROLL, ROLL, AND AWAY!

Guide Questions:
Q1. How will you describe the graphs of?
a. distance vs. time in Figure 3?
b. distance vs. time2 in Figure 4?

Answer: The distance vs time graph is a curved line. The d vs time2 graph is a straight line inclined
to the right,

Q2. What is the relationship between distance and time of travel of the rolling can?
Answer: The relationship is quadratic.

Q3. What is the slope of d vs t2 graph? What quantity does the slope of d vs t2 graph represent?
Answer: The slope can be solved using the formula (d-2) d1/ ¿ -t 12) The slope of d vs t 2 represents
the acceleration.

Q4. What do the graphs of distance vs. time and distance vs. time2 suggest?
Answer: The d vs t and d vs t 2 graphs tell that the tin can is accelerating uniformly. It tells that the
velocity increases over time. It means that for a regular time interval, distance is increasing
quadratically.

ACTIVITY 2. SOLVE ME HORIZONTALLY!

ACTIVITY 3. YOU RAISE ME UP!

Guide Questions:

Q1. What do you think happens to the speed of the ball as it reaches its maximum height?
Answer: The ball stops momentarily at its maximum height.

Q2. What can you say between the time from point of release to the maximum height (tup) and the time
from the maximum height to the point of release (tdown)? How about the total time (ttot)?
Answer: The tup and tdown are equal. The total time ( ttot is twice of either tup or tdown.

Q3. The ball moves with an initial velocity of 14.7 m/s. Calculate the final velocity of the ball just before
it reaches the student's hand using the formula vf = vi + agt. What can you say about the initial and final
velocities? Use -9.8 m/s2 for ag and the average time from maximum height back to the point of release
(tdown).
Answer: The final velocity 14.7 -m/s. The initial and final velocities are having the same magnitude
but opposite directions.
Q4. What happens to the magnitude of the ball's velocity as it moves upward? moves downward?
Answer. The magnitude of the ball’s velocity decreases as it moves upward. Speed increases when
the ball moves downward.

Q5. Based from your answers in the guide questions, give at least two (2) descriptions of the motion of
free-falling bodies.
Answer:
a. The object stops momentarily when it reaches its maximum height.
b. The time from point of release to the maximum height (tup and the time from the maximum
height to the point of release (tdown) are equal.
c. When the object falls back to the point where it was thrown, the magnitudes of the two
velocities are equal but they have opposite directions.
d. The acceleration due to gravity is always 9.8- m/ s2.
e. Speed decreases as object moves upward. Speed increases as the object moves downward

ACTIVITY 4. DROP ME!

Guide Questions:

Q1. What is the velocity of the ball just before it hits the ground?
Answer: The velocity of the ball just before it hits the ground using either of the two equations is
12.4 m/s.

Q2. If the actual height of the building is 8.00 m, how will you compare it with average height in the
table?
Answer: The actual height is almost the same with the average height in the table.

Q3. What is the percentage error?

Answer: The percentage error is 1.25%.
REFLECTION:

If gravity is absent on Earth, what do you think might happen if you throw an object upward? Explain
your answer.

Answer:

If the Earth’s gravity is lost, all items held to the Earth’s surface by gravity would float away. That
includes the atmosphere, water, people, cars and animals.

The force of gravity, like all other forces, can cause changes in the speed of objects. As an object
falls, its speed will continually increase as Earth's gravity continually pulls it downward. When air
resistance is ignored, all objects will speed up at the same rate as they fall.

Thus, object that is thrown upward will fall back.

 Science 9, Quarter 4, Week 2

COMPONENTS OF PROJECTILE MOTION

ACTIVITY 1. MOTION IN TWO DIMENSIONS

Q1. What have you observed on the horizontal velocity of the object in Figure 1 and 2 through change of
time?
Answer: The horizontal velocity of figure 1 and 2 remains constant.

Q2. What have you observed on the vertical velocity of the object in Figure 1 and 2 through change of
time?
Answer: The vertical velocity of figure 1 and 2 changes by 9.8m/s every second.

Q3. What important concept do the diagram and the tables convey?
Answer. The important concept depicted in Figure 2 is that the horizontal velocity remains constant
during the trajectory and the vertical velocity changes by 9.8 m/s every second. The numerical
information in both figures and table further illustrate the two key principles of projectile motion –
there is a horizontal velocity that is constant and a vertical velocity that changes by 9.8 m/s each
second.

ACTIVITY 2. LET US TRY TO FIND OUT

Q1. Why do you think the archer aims his arrow a little bit above the target?
Answer:

Q2. Do you think the archer will hit the target if he aims at it directly? Why? And why not?
Answer:

a. True
b. True
c. False
d. True

Guide Questions:
1. Because in this way, the target will be hit. When the archer releases the bowstring, the
arrow will be flung forward toward the top of the target and the force of gravity pulls the
arrow down. The two forces combined to move in a curved path and hit the target.
2. No, when you aim at the target directly, the arrow will follow a curved path down the target
without hitting it
Reflection

How is the concept of projectile motion used in real life? Cite at least two examples.

Answer:

In real life, the projectile motion finds applications in sports. Playing basketball, football is
examples of projectile motion in real life. While throwing a basketball into the basket, the player
shoots the ball in such a way that the flight taken by the ball is in the form of a parabola.
 Science 9, Quarter 4, Week 3

PROJECTILE MOTION

ACTIVITY 1. HORIZONTALLY LAUNCHED PROJECTILES

Guide Questions:

1. What do the arrows facing downward represent? What have you observed with the length of
these arrows? What does it suggest?
Answer: Vertical velocity. The length is increasing. Vertical velocity of a projectile is
increasing.

2. What do the arrows facing to the right represent? What have you observed with the length of
these arrows? What does it suggest?
Answer: Horizontal velocity. The length is equal. Horizontal velocity of a projectile is
constant.

3. Why does a projectile launched horizontally descend?

Answer: Because of the gravity of the Earth.

4. Give an example of a projectile launched horizontally and describe its motion.

Answer: Marble rolling off a table. When the marble start to roll off a table it has a
horizontal velocity and it will start to fall down in an arc like trajectory because of the
gravity.

Part B. Problem Solving

1.
2. t = 1.4 s; x = 7.0 m/s
ACTIVITY 2. PROJECTILES LAUNCHED AT AN ANGLE

Part A
Guide Questions:

1. What do the arrows facing to the right represent? What have you observed with the length of
these arrows? What does it suggest?
Answer: Horizontal velocity. The length of the arrows is equal. Horizontal velocity of the
projectile is constant.

2. What do the arrows facing upward represent? What have you observed with the length of
these arrows? What does it suggest?

Answer: Vertical velocity. The length of the arrows is decreasing. The velocity of a projectile
going upward is decreasing.
3. What do the arrows facing downward represent? What have you observed with the length of
these arrows? What does it suggest?

Answer: Vertical velocity. The length of the arrows is increasing. The velocity of a
projectile going downward is increasing.
4. What happens to the velocity of a projectile when it reaches the maximum height? Why?
Answer: The velocity will become zero. Because the pulling of the gravity made the
projectile to stop going upward.

5. Describe the trajectory of the projectile. Why does it have such path?
Answer: The trajectory of the projectile is parabolic. Because of the angle of launching
of the projectile.

Part B. Problem Solving

1. t = 1.1 s; x =12m; y=1.6 m
2.

ACTIVITY 3. LET’S INVESTIGATE!

Guide Questions:
1. Which projectile has the longest range? What is the launching angle of this projectile?
Answer:

2. Which projectiles have the same range? What have you observed with their angles? What
does it suggest?
 Answer: Projectile 1 and 3. They are complementary angles. Projectiles that are
launched with the same velocity in complementary angles will always have the same
range.
3. At what angle will the projectile have the highest peak? Lowest peak? What does it suggest?
Answer:

4. At what angle will the projectile have the shortest time of flight? Longest time of flight?
What does it suggest?
Answer: 30 ° .60 ° . Launching angles is directly proportional to the time of flight of a
projectile.

REFLECTION:

You learned about projectiles today and your friends want to learn it too in a fun way. So, you decided to
play games with them as you teach them about projectiles. Which games or sports will you choose as a
way to teach your friends about projectiles? How will you do it?

Answer:
I will ask my friend to play with me a soccer, so I can teach him how is projectile works. When the
soccer ball is kicked into the air it becomes a projectile and follows a parabolic path through the
air. The moment the ball leaves the foot, it stops accelerating, and from this point forward only two
forces are exerted upon it: the friction with the air, which slows the ball's motion, and gravity,
which pulls it down.
 Quarter 4- Week 4: Impulse and Momentum

ACTIVITY 1. INVESTIGATING MOMENTUM

ACTIVITY 2. EGG CATCHING

ACTIVITY 3. SOLVING FOR MOMENTUM

ACTIVITY 4. LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM

ACTIVITY 5. SOLVING PROBLEMS ON LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM

ACTIVITY 6. TYPES OF COLLISION

REFLECTION:

One of the features of the recently promulgated Republic Act No. 11229 or the Child
Safety in Motor Vehicles Act is the installation of car seats for children 12 years old and below
and are shorter than 4’11” in height. Upon knowing the concepts of impulse and momentum, do
you agree with this law? Why or why not?

Answer: Yes, I agree because it is for safety. Child safety in motor vehicles act ensure the safety of
children while being transported in any form of motor vehicle.
 QUARTER 4 – WEEK 5: WORK, POWER, AND ENERGY

ACTIVITY 1. ENERGY TRANSFORMATION

1.
A. potential to kinetic energy
B. electrical to mechanical
C. chemical to heat/light energy
D. potential to kinetic energy’
2. Springs in the door and walking

ACTIVITY 2. THE FRICTION TOY CAR

ACTIVITY 3. THE ROLLING MARBLE

ACTIVITY 4. FIND ME!

ACTIVITY 5: BOUNCY BALLS

1. The height of the ball decreases

2. The ball loses kinetic energy after the collision with the floor. Kinetic energy is
converted to other forms of energy (i.e., heat and sound) Recall that in an inelastic
collision, kinetic energy is not conserved
REFLECTION:

Write a short paragraph of your real-life tasks that is of personal interest to you such as a
skill or hobby, a favorite amusement park-ride experience, any travel experience or a sporting
event. Identify energy transformations that occur from those experiences.

Answer:

My personal interest and hobbies are writing, drawing, dancing, watching tv and playing online games.
The energy transformations that occur on those times is potential energy. Because the energy that is inside
in my body is a potential energy which often called as stored energy. And this stored energy allows me to
move or to make the work done, thus this type of energy that's being shown is kinetic energy or energy in
motion.
 QUARTER 4 – WEEK 6: HEAT, WORK AND ENERGY

ACTIVITY 1. HEAT AND INTERNAL ENERGY

1. 100 ° C
2. The temperature is lower than 100 °C before it is boiled, 100°C when it was boiling and
after it has boiled.
3. It means an increase in internal energy of the water.
4. As you continue applying heat to the water, as you continue applying heat to the water and
temperature rises. The water molecules gain kinetic energy and they move faster.
5. In boiling of water, increasing the kinetic energy of the water molecules causes movement
that can be turned into work.

ACTIVITY 2. WHERE DO I BELONG?

1. Spontaneous processes are drying of leaves, spoiling of food waterfalls.
2. Non- spontaneous processes are breakage of egg, cooling of water and food cooking.
3. drying of leaves, spoilage of food and waterfalls
4. By using stove
5. By using refrigerator
6. An application of work or using motor or a heat pump.
7. Spontaneous Process is when heat flows normally from higher temperature to lower
temperature. It does not require any external energy to occur. Non-spontaneous Process is
when heat flows normally from lower to higher temperature, it needs mechanical energy to
happen. The work is provided by the motor of the heat pump.

ACTIVITY 3. THE REVERSE OF IT

1. Work has to be done by the compressor to “suck” the colder gas from inside the refrigerator out,
effectively forcing energy to flow from a chamber of lower temperature to a warmer room
outside.
2. The condenser turned the cooled gas to near room temperature which then condensed into liquid.
This cool liquid which has high pressure flows through a narrow tube connected to the
evaporator.
3. The gas produced that has already absorbed heat goes back to the compressor and then the cycle
repeats.
4. An air conditioner cycle follows the following mechanisms: Heat is absorbed by the evaporator
coil; the warm inside your house is drawn in through a vent and blows over the cold evaporator
coil, compressor raises the refrigerant temperature, heat is transferred outside, refrigerant gets
cold; process repeats.
5. An Air Conditioning Unit is a heat pump used for home heating and cooling.
6. Mechanical energy is needed to transfer heat from a cold object to a warmer one
REFLECTION:

Heat is one of the leading weather-related killers in the Philippines, resulting in thousands
of fatalities each year and even more heat-related illnesses. In extreme heat, your body works extra
hard to maintain a normal temperature, if you are under an extreme heat what are the things you
can take to keep yourself safe?

Answer:

If I were under an extreme heat, things should I do are the following:

a. Drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated,
b. Wear loose and light clothing,
c. If I am outside, I’ll make sure to wear hat to protect my face, and
d. To avoid strenuous activities, and
e. To look for a place preferably with air condition or if none in a place that can provide
coolness to take a break from heat.
 QUARTER 4- WEEK 7: ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS OF HEAT ENGINES

ACTIVITY 1. REFRIGERATION AND AIRCONDITIONING CYCLE

A.
1. Compressor
2. Condenser
3. Expansion walve
4. Evaporators
B.
1. D
2. A
3. C
4. B

Guide Questions:
Q1. What is a compressor? How does it work?
Answer: A compressor is a motor which compresses a gas known as freon to a pressure of several
atmosphere.
Q2. What gas is inside the compressor which has a low boiling point?
Answer: Freon
Q3. What happened to the hot gas produced by compression?
Answer: The hot gas produced by the compressor runs through a condenser.
Q4. What happens to the pressure and heat in the evaporator?
Answer: The liquid evaporates due to its low pressure. At the same time, it absorbs heat from the
contents of the refrigerator.
Q5. Discuss the complete cycle of how refrigerator work
Answer: The refrigerator follows the following mechanisms:
a. The compressor compresses the freon into a pressure of several atmospheres
b. The gas is cooled to near room temperature which then condenses into liquid of high
pressure.
c. The liquid evaporates due to its low pressure and heat is absorbed from the contents
of the refrigerator.
 d. The gas produced that has already absorbed heat goes back to the compressor and
then the cycle repeats.

Q6. How does an air conditioning unit work during summer?

Answer: It cools the inside of the house and heats the inside.
Q7. What is the function of the air conditioning during cold days?
Answer: It takes heat from the air outside to warm the inside.

ACTIVITY 2. WHAT’S MY USE IN YOUR HOUSEHOLDS?

A.
1. Dehumidification
2. Heating
3. Humidification
4. Freeze
5. Preservation
6. Fresh
7. Cool
Guide Question:
What are the applications of refrigeration and air-conditioning in your respective households?
Answer: Raw fruits and vegetables. The growth of bacteria and the rate of enzymatic processes are
reduced at a low temperature. Fish, Meat and Poultry. Freezing results in better quality. Dairy
Products (milk, butter, buttermilk, ice cream) Maintains the freshness and good quality. Beverages:
Preserved tastes and flavor. Chocolates and candies: Best stored at low temperature for better taste
and quality.

ACTIVITY 3. OPERATION OF A PRACTICAL HEAT ENGINE

Guide Questions:
1.It compressed
2. It expands.
Q1. How does a piston work when gas is heated? When cooled?
Answer: When the gas has heated, the piston moves up. When it is cooled, the piston moves downward.
Q2. Describe how heat engine works.
Answer: If the gas is heated, it expands, making the piston move. A practical engine is operated
through cycles. The piston moves back and forth. When the gas has heated, the piston moves up.
When it is cooled, the piston moves downward. A cycle of heating and cooling will move the piston
up and down.
ACTIVITY 4. START THE ENGINE!

Guide Questions:
Q1. What happens to the gas if it is heated inside the engine’s cylinder?
Answer: The piston moves down, the inlet valve opens, and the mixture of gas and fuel enters it.
Q2. What happens to the piston and the gases during compression stroke?
Answer: The piston moves up. The mixture of gases is compressed into fractional amount.
Q3. What is the function of the spark plug? What is its effect to the mixture’s temperature?
Answer: The spark plug ignites the mixture. This will increase the temperature of the mixture.
Q4. Describe the piston and the gases during power stroke.
Answer: The piston moves down. No heat enters or leaves the system.
Q5. In exhaust stroke, what happens to the piston and the mixture of gases?
Answer: The piston moves down, the exhaust valve opens, and the burned gas expelled out though
the
exhaust valve.

ACTIVITY 5. FILL ME IN!

Guide Questions:
Answer:
Work input / temperature in the cold and work output / temperature in the hot reservoir. The lesser the
work input / temperature in the cold reservoir, the greater the efficiency of the heat engine. The greater
the work output in the hot reservoir, the lesser the efficiency of the heat engine.
REFLECTION:
Answer:
As a student, I should be a responsible and sensitive enough in taking cake of our environment to at
least help in my own little way to help our mother earth to fatally destroyed by global warming and
ozone depletion. Among of these activities are to conserve water and electricity, to throw my
garbage properly and participate in planting more trees that can sure help to absorb the carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere. Moreover, I can help by simply complying the rules and regulation of
our country in conserving our natural resources.
 QUARTER 4 – WEEK 8: ELECTRICAL ENERGY: GENERATED, TRANSMITTED AND
DISTRIBUTED

ACTIVITY 1. TRACING POWER

A.
1, 6, 5, 2, 4, 3
Guide Questions:
Q1. What are the different stations in the transmission of electrical energy?
Answer: Electricity is produced in the power plants, transmitted at high current and voltage in
transmission substitutions , passed the distribution substations, then finally distributed to business
and residential areas.
Q2. What do you notice about the size of the transmission lines as it reaches the consumers?
Answer: Transmission lines have a greater cross-sectional area to allow a large amount of current
to pass through. Having the large section also reduces the resistance, lessening transmission loss.
The residential wirings have a much smaller cross-sectional area.
Q3. Does the size of wires and cables matter in energy transmission? Why?
Answer: Yes, it ensures safety in the entire network system and reduces transmission losses.
Q4. What happens to the voltage that travels from the source to the consumers?
Answer: The voltage is stepped up from the transmission and stepped down before distributed to
households.

ACTIVITY 2. IT’S MORE “POWER” IN THE PHILIPPINES

Guide Questions:
Q1. Where is your place of residence?
Answer: Municipality of Placer.
Q2. What source of energy is nearest your place?
Answer: SURNECO
Q3. What electrical power plants are present in your area?
Answer: NGCP located in Brgy. Anislagan
Q4. Identify the location of these power plants (your answer in Q3, if there are any) on the
Philippine map?
Answer:
REFLECTION:
It is observed that there are times that we experience power interruptions, such as
sudden power outages and rotational brownouts. What do you think are the possible causes
of these power interruptions? Which of these possible causes do you think, as a student and a
young citizen, you can help solve or address?

Answer:

A power outage (also called a power cut, a power out, a power blackout, a power failure, a power
loss, or a blackout) is the loss of the electrical power network supply to an end user. Power failures
mostly happened when there are typhoons power are being cut off in order to prevent accidents like
getting electrocuted. Also, when the weather is bad, it brings strong winds which can affect the
power and cause interruptions. Those strong winds can also shake trees and affect the cables
around/near it.

QUARTER 4- WEEK 9: TRANSMISSION, GENERATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF

ELECTRICAL ENERGY

ACTIVITY 1. STEP UP AND STEP DOWN TRANSFORMERS

1. Step-up Transformer
2. Step-down transformer
3. Step-down transformer

Guide questions
1. What are the applications of a Step up transformers and Step down transformers?
Answer: Step- transformers is used in the transmission lines in the high voltage produced by the
alternator. The power loss of the transmission line is directly of the proportional to the square
of the current flows through it. While step down transformers is used for transformer down
electrical isolation, in a power distribution network, for controlling the home appliances, in a
doorbell, etc.

2. Explain how transformer is able to control power to the light bulb.

Answer: Transformers are used for low voltage lighting systems, such as Architectural
track/monorail or landscape lighting system. Transformers convert standard residential electric
current and transform it into a suitable current for your particular lighting system.

ACTIVITY 2. ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY: PROBLEM SOLVING

ACTIVITY 3. LIGHT ME UP!

Guide Questions
Q1. Why did the LED light up when the magnet cd was made to turn around the axis?
Answer: Current was induced in the coils of copper wire due to the changing magnetic field.

Q2. Why was it possible to produce electricity without an energy source?

Answer: A changing magnetic field induces current in coils of also known as wire. This is
electromagnetic induction.
Q3. In electric power plants, turbines are actually connected to generators which are composed of
magnets and coils. How do turbines produce electricity?
Answer: Turbines are connected to generators consisting of large magnets and conductors. Turbines
are rotated either mechanically or by means od steam from boiling water which is heated by the
fuel a source. Turbines produce changing magnetic field inside the generator which in turn
produces electricity.

REFLECTION:

Suggest a way on how we can save on electrical energy consumption for each of the following:
a. washing machine - Wash the clothes using hand if the clothes are not dirty.
b. Refrigerator - Plug it out during night time and make sure to clean it every week.
c. Clothes Iron - Fold the clothes neatly and properly so there is no need to iron it.
d. Lights and lamps – Turn it off when not using.
e. Electric Fans - Turn it off after using and when the temperature at home is not that hot avoid
using it.
f. Television – Plug it off after using and If no one is watching.