Activities/Assessments:

1. Define in your own words a semiconductor material.

 Semiconductor is a type of material that has conductivity between conductor and an insulator. It allows
the flow of electron but only partly.

2. Draw an N-type and P type covalent bonding of atoms using Gallium Arsenide doped with pentavalent and
trivalent atom.

3. Summarize the three types of materials giving emphasis on their properties.

 Conductor is a material that has low resistance to current flow and its conduction and valence band
overlap allowing electrons to move easily. Insulator has high resistivity and has big energy gap between
conduction and valence band resulting to inability of electrons to freely move. Lastly, semiconductor has
resistivity and energy band gap between the conductor and insulator making it difficult to both free or
accept electron.

4. Investigate on different semiconductor devices, its construction and the inventors involved on these devices.
 One example of semiconductor device is a diode. Diode is formed by joining two equivalently doped N-
type and a P-type semiconductor. John Ambrose Fleming patented the first thermionic diode called the
Fleming Valve. Another type of diode is a Zener diode which is formed by combining heavily doped PN
semiconductor, which is invented by Clarence Melvin Zener. Another example of a semiconductor
device is a transistor, which is formed by combining two diodes back to back. Transistor is invented by
three individuals namely William Shockley, John Bardeen, Walter Brattain.

5. Differentiate the three types of materials

 Conductor allows flow of electron because of its low resistivity and high conductivity, insulator on the
other hand blocks the flow of electron with its high resistivity and low conductivity, and semiconductor
has electrical properties between the conductor and insulator.

6. Compare the two types of semiconductor materials.

  Intrinsic semiconductor is a pure natural semiconductor material whereas extrinsic is obtained when an
impurity atom is added or doped to a pure semiconductor.

7. Sketch the covalent bonding of the P-type and N-type material.

Ge =
Intrinsic semiconductor atom Ge = Intrinsic semiconductor atom

B = Trivalent impurity atom Sb = Trivalent impurity atom

P-type extrinsic semiconductor N-type extrinsic semiconductor