The Midline Theorem and

Theorems on Trapezoids
and Kites
Quarter 3-Module 3
Mathematics 9
Locally-Developed Module
Quarter III - Module 3: THE MIDLINE THEOREM AND THEOREMS ON
TRAPEZOIDS AND KITES
First Edition, 2021
All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced or transmitted
to any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
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without written permission from the publisher and authors.

Published by the Schools Division Office (SDO) Dagupan City

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OIC, Asst Schools Division Superintendent: Ma. Criselda G. Ocang

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Perlita C. Fernandez
Editors: Charliemagne S. Arzadon
Rulyn P. De Guzman
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Mary Jean L. Siapno
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Renan O. Bautista
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 THE MIDLINE THEOREM AND THEOREMS ON
Department of Education (2013) Mathematics—Grade 9 Learn- TRAPEZOIDS AND KITES
er’s Module 1st edition. Quezon City: Book Media Press, Inc.
pp.331-340
This module intends to:

 guide you in proving the Midline Theorem as well as the

Dilao, Bernabe (2009). Geometry Textbook for Third Year, SD theorems on trapezoids and kites.
Publications, Inc., ISBN: 978-971-0315-56-7, pp133-142  develop analytical and logical thinking.

https://www.mathbitsnotebook.com (Theorems on Trapezoid and Kite) In this module, you will learn:
Date Retrieved: August 21, 2020
 the Midline Theorem,

 theorems involving trapezoids and kites, and

 solve problems involving trapezoids and kites.

(M9GE-IIId-1)

In doing this module, the

following are some reminders:

1. Take the pretest before

answering the module.
2. Read the instructions carefully
before doing each task.
3. Answer all the exercises.
4. Take the posttest.
5. Use a separate sheet in
answering all the activities.

16 1
 A = ½ ( 44) ( 68 ) = 1496 in2
A. Directions: Complete the table below: C. Area =A = ½ d1d2

Name of Polygons Description Figure

Median = 17 cm.
Median = ½ ( 34 )
1. Parallelogram A quadrilateral with two
B. Median =M =½ (b1 + b2) or M =½ ( 19+ 15)
pairs of parallel sides
AB = 14 cm2
= ½ ( 28)
2. A quadrilateral that has
one pair of parallel sides
AB = ½ IM III. A.
5.false

3. kite 4. true midsegment Isosceles

3. true trapezoid parallel
2. true kite median Bases
4. It is a three-sided polygon 1. false base angles diagonals Rectangle
II. I. WORD SEARCH
POSTTEST

B. Arrange the jumbled letters to identify what is being asked:

1. ( QRU IASTRAEDAL) These are four-sided polygons. 2. 27,500 cm2 3. Median =43 cm, A=1462 cm2 C. 1. 13, 750 cm2

2. ( UPLEANTRSEPM ASNELG ) Two angles whose sum of 4. diagonal 5. median of a trapezoid

the measures is 180°.
2. supplementary angles 3. kite B. 1. quadrilateral
3. (TIKE ) A quadrilateral with two pairs of congruent and
adjacent sides.
4. triangle

4.(IDANAGLO) A line segment joining two nonconsecutive

pairs of consecutive congruent sides.

vertices of a polygon.
1. 2. trapezoid 3. A kite is a quadrilateral that has two

PRETEST

2 15
III. Solve the following problems:

K ∆ KIM is an isosceles
1. triangle where 5. (DIEMAN OF A TRAPEZOID) It is the segment joining the
KI=KM=30 cm. If IM- midpoints of the legs.
A
B measures 28 cm., how
long is the midline AB?
C. Directions: Solve the following
M problems:
I
1.
Given:d1 = 125 cm
d2 = 220 cm
2. Find the median of the trapezoid shown.
Solve for the area of the kite.
S 19 cm. T

O P h 2. K Y
15cm
Given:
E L
KY = 46 cm, EL = 40 cm, h=34 cm
3. The diagonals of a kite are 44 in. and 68 inches re-
spectively. Solve for its area. Solve for:
a). Median
b). Area of a trapezoid

14 3
 In the previous lessons, you have learned I. WORD SEARCH. Look for terms/words that are related to
the different kinds of polygons. Let us try to review quadrilaterals.
some terminologies which will help us in our study B R E C T A N G L E W X
of the different theorems.
Polygons– these are closed plane figures formed by S A F M R L X I Y L T S
connecting line segments at their endpoints.
Some of these are: E Q S L K T R A D O N L

Triangles– polygons that have the least number of

L J W E I B S I T K E A
sides.
Quadrilaterals– these are four-sided polygons. G H S P S P O U W I M N
Examples are:
 Parallelogram – a quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides. N T P A D Z X S M T G O

 Trapezoid – a quadrilateral with only one pair of parallel sides. A S K M E D I A N E E G

 Isosceles Trapezoid - a trapezoid whose legs are congruent
and the bases are parallel. E T Q P V G D Z O P S I
 Kite – a quadrilateral with two distinct pairs of adjacent,
congruent sides. S U A Z G V H S N V D A

A R P A R A L L E L I I
Bases of a trapezoid – these are the two parallel sides of a
trapezoid.
B I S O S C E L E S M D

Diagonals – a line segment joining two non adjacent sides of a

polygon
II. Tell whether the statement is true or false.
1. A quadrilateral is a polygon with five sides.
Midpoint – the point that divides a segment into two congruent
2. The midline of a triangle is parallel to the base.
segments
3. The diagonals of a kite are perpendicular.
4. The legs of an isosceles triangle are congruent.
5. The formula in solving for the area of a trapezoid is A= ½ bh.

4 13
Here are some important points that you must remember in this
module:
THE MIDLINE THEOREM
1. The Midline Theorem claims that cutting along the midline of a
triangle creates a segment that is parallel to the base and half as
long.
2. If two triangles have two sides that are the same length, and the
angle between those two sides has the same measure, then the
two triangles are congruent.
TRAPEZOIDS AND KITES
1. A quadrilateral is a closed plane figure consisting of four line
segments or sides.
2. Segments joining opposite vertices of the quadrilateral are
called diagonals. A quadrilateral is convex if and only if its
diagonals intersect.
3. Rectangle, square, rhombus, trapezoid and kite are examples of
quadrilaterals
4. A trapezoid is a quadrilateral with at least one pair of parallel
sides. Real life examples of trapezoids include certain table
tops, bridge supports, handbags and architectural elements.
Theorems on Trapezoids:
1.Midsegment Theorem for Trapezoids
The midsegment of a trapezoid is parallel to each base and its
length is one half the sum of the lengths of the bases.
2. If a trapezoid is isosceles , then each pair of base angles is
congruent.
3. If a trapezoid has a pair of congruent base angles, then it is an
isosceles trapezoid .
4. A trapezoid is isosceles if and only if its diagonals are
congruent.
5.If a quadrilateral is a kite, then the diagonals are perpendicular.
6.If a quadrilateral is a kite, then exactly one pair of opposite
angles are congruent.
12
Since we have reviewed some important terms, I am sure that
you are now ready for the first theorem that I will introduce.
I. The Midline Theorem
Let us try to perform this activity to prove this theorem.
1. Draw any kind of triangle. Name it ∆LOV.
2. Measure the first side LO then get its midpoint. Call it pt. X.
3. Next, measure line segment VO then locate its midpoint. Call
it Y.
4. Now, connect pt. X and pt. Y. What can you say about line
XY and side LV?
5. This time, try to measure the length of line XY and the length
of side LV? What have you observed?
The Midline Theorem
The segment that joins the midpoints of the two
sides of a triangle is parallel to the third side and is
half as long.
You are correct! You have just proven the Midline Theorem.
Now, let us apply the Midline Theorem in solving the problem
below:
In ∆KAT, B and C are the midpoints of KA and TA, respectively.
Answer the questions that follow.
T
K
B C
A
5
1. If KA = 10, what is the measure of KB ? How about TB? Let us now apply what we have learned from our lesson. Are you
Answer: ready?
Since KA = 10 and B is the midpoint of KA, then we can say that side KA L Given kite LOVE, OE = 25 in.
is divided into two equal parts. So, KB is equal to 5 and TB is also equal and LV = 36 in.
to 5.
2. If TC = 5, how long is TA ?
A) Name the diagonals.
Again , we know that pt. C is the midpoint of TA. Since TC = 5, then it B) Find the area of the kite.
follows that CA is also equal to 5. Looking at the figure, we can say that
E Answers:
TC+ CA = TA , therefore 5 + 5 =10 and TA = 10. O
3. If KT is 14, how long is BC? A. From the properties of a kite,
Have you noticed something? Yes, KT, which is the third side, is parallel
we know that the diagonals are
to BC , which is the midline. To solve for the measure of BC, we shall perpendicular to each other.
apply the Midline Theorem. Therefore, By merely looking at the figure,
BC = ½ (14) V we know that LV and OE are
BC = 7 perpendicular to each other.
2. P Therefore , the diagonals of kite
X Y LOVE are LV and OE.

B. To solve for the area of a kite, we will just use the formula:
F
C
Given: PC = 8 , PF =12 and CF = 16 and XY is the midline.. A = ½ d1d2 where d1 and d2 are the diagonals.
Solve for PX,FY and XY . Let us now substitute the values,
A. Since PC =8 and X is the midpoint, then PX = 4
A= ½ ( 25) ( 36)
B. If PF = 12,and Y is the midpoint, then FY= 6
A= ½(900)
C. XY = ½ (CF ), XY = ½ ( 16); XY = 8
A= 450 in2
How did you find the problem? Yes, it is very easy as
Solving for the area of a kite is easy, right? All you have to do
long as you apply the principles of the Midline
is to find the product of the diagonals then divide it by two.
Theorem. On the succeeding pages, we will study
other theorems on trapezoids and kite. Let’s go

6 11

Note: Area of any polygon is expressed always in square units,
i .e, sq. m., cm2, in2,sq. ft., etc.
2. Look at the figure on the left.
1.What kind of triangle is ∆ KSI?
2.What is the measure of S?
3.What do you call KT and EI?
Answers:
1. ∆ KSI is a right triangle.
2. m S = 90°
3. KT and EI are the diagonals of a kite
Solving for the area of a kite is
very easy. Just don’t forget that
the area is always expressed in
square units.
10
This time, we will try to study and discover the different Theorems
on Trapezoids but first, let us define a trapezoid.
T P The figure on the left is a trapezoid.
A trapezoid is a quadrilateral with
X Y exactly one pair of parallel sides. The
parallel sides are called bases and
the non-parallel sides are called legs.
A R If the legs are congruent, then it is called
an isosceles trapezoid.
TARP is an example of an isosceles trapezoid. TP and RA are
parallel to each other. These are the bases. Meanwhile, TA and
PR are the non-parallel sides. These are the legs. Since TA=PR,
then it is an isosceles trapezoid because the legs are congruent.
Here are some Theorems on Trapezoid that we will study:
The Midsegment Theorem on Trapezoid: The median of a
trapezoid is parallel to each base and its length is one half the
sum of the lengths of the bases.
A median of a trapezoid is a segment that connects the
midpoints of the non-parallel sides of a trapezoid. In the figure
above, XY is the median .
Theorems on Isosceles Trapezoids
Theorem 1: The base angles of an isosceles trapezoid
are congruent
Theorem 2 : Opposite angles of an isosceles trapezoid
are supplementary.
Theorem 3: The diagonals of an isosceles trapezoid are
congruent.
7
Let us apply these theorems to solve some problems :
I. Midsegment Theorem of a Trapezoid
Solve for the Median of the given trapezoid:
L A
Given: LYKA is an isosceles trapezoid
M N
where LA = 20, YK =12 and MN is the
K median.LA and YK are the bases of the
Y
trapezoid. To solve for the length of the
median, let us apply the formula:
M =½ (b1 + b2) or M =½ ( LA + YK)
Therefore, M = ½ ( 20 + 12)
= ½ ( 32)
Median = 16 units
This time, let us try to answer some questions on the different
Theorems on Isosceles Trapezoids.
Given: Isosceles Trapezoid GOLD,
m D= 40o and GL =17 cm.
G O
Find (a) m L, (b) m O and (c) DO.
a . Angles D and L are base angles.
Applying Theorem I, we can say that
◦
D L m  L = m  D = 40
b. Angles D and O are opposite angles.
Since we know that opposite angles are
supplementary (two angles whose sum is
◦
equal to 180) and m  D = 40 , then
◦ ◦ ◦
m  O = ( 180 - 40 ) = 120 (Theorem II )
c. Appling Theorem III, GL = DO= 17 cm.
8 9
These time we will define and study some theorems on kite.
Theorem 4. The diagonals of a kite are perpendicular to
each other.
Theorem 5. The area of a kite is half the product of the
lengths of its diagonals.
A kite is a quadrilateral whose four sides
can be grouped into two pairs of equal
I adjacent sides. The illustration at the right
is an example of a kite. There are two
pairs of equal and adjacent sides. Can
you name them ?
Yes, you are correct!
KE and TE is a pair of equal, adjacent sides. Can you find the other pair?
KT and EI are the diagonals of KITE. They are perpendicular to each
other.
How do we solve then for the area? It’s easy! All you have to do is get
the product of the diagonals then divide it by 2. In formula,
Akite = 1/2 [ d1 x d2 ]
Illustrative Example:
1. Find the area of a kite whose diagonals are 20cm and 30 cm.
Solution:
Let d1 = 20 cm and d2 = 30 cm.
Substituting in the formula,
Akite = 1/2 [ d1 x d2 ]
Akite = 1/2 [20 x 30]
= 1/2 [600]
Akite = 300 cm2