Capital University of Science and Technology,

Islamabad

CE- 3033: Quantity Surveying and

Estimation

Week No. 05

Dr. Syed Shujaa Safdar Gardezi

Department of Civil Engineering

 Methods of Estimation :
• Main Items of an Estimate for a typical residential building

– Plain Cement Concrete

– Brick Work (Substructure)
– Plinth Beam
– Backfill

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 3’

24” = 2’

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 3’

24” = 2’

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 Calculation :
1.

7.5”
27”

3’
15” 27”

6” 5”1/4
24” = 2’
6”

3”

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 7.5”

15”
Back fill Calculation :

1. Rectangle 1 = 0.625 x 1.25 = 0.781 sft 27”

2. Rectangle 2 = 0.438 x 0.5 = 0.219 sft 6” 5”1/4
3. Rectangle 3 = 0.25 x 0.5 = 0.125 sft

6”

3”

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 6.0’ Total length, L
8.25’ 9.0’
= 17.25+17.25+17.25+17.25+29.50+
29.50+6 = 134’

12.75’ 29.50’

24”= 2’
10.75’

17.25’ Centre Line Method

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 Methods of Estimation- Measurement Sheet:
Item Description of Item Unit No. Length Breadth Height/ Total
No. Depth Quantity Remarks

B. Centre Line Method

07 Backfill

Rectangle 1 cft 2 134.00 0.625 1.25 209.38

Rectangle 2 cft 2 134.00 0.438 0.5 58.69

Rectangle 3 cft 2 134.00 0.25 0.5 33.50

Total Quantity of Backfill cft 301.57

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 Methods of Estimation- Bill of Quantities (BOQ):

Item No. Description of Item Unit Total Quantity Unit Rate Total Amount (Rs.)

01 Excavation cft 762.00

02 PCC Concrete cft
Foundation 192.00
03 Brick work (Sub-structure) cft 274.98
04 RCC cft
Plinth Beam 75.38
05 Steel kgs
Plinth Beam 163.01
06 Backfill cft 301.57
07
Total Amount (Rs.)

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 Methods of Estimation :

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 Methods of Estimation–PRC Footing & Column:

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 Methods of Estimation–PRC Footing & Column:

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 Methods of Estimation–PRC Footing & Column:

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 Methods of Estimation–PRC Footing & Column:

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 Methods of Estimation–PRC Footing & Column:

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 Methods of Estimation–PRC Footing & Column:

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 Methods of Estimation–PRC Footing & Column:

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 Methods of Estimation–PRC Footing & Column:

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 Methods of Estimation–PRC Footing & Column:

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 Development Length Vs Lap Length :

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 Development Length Vs Lap Length :
• Development Length
– A development length is the quantity of the rebar length that is
actually required to be enclosed into the concrete to make the
desired bond strength between two materials and furthermore to
produce required stress in the steel at that area.

– In the below example, the development length at the end section is

required so that the concrete-steel bond stays continuous. The bar is
bent because there is no space available at the end section.

– If the restraining section of concrete is relatively thin and unable to

withheld the position of highly stressed bars the development length
is given. In this way, the splitting of bars from concrete is avoided.

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 Development Length Vs Lap Length :
• Splice / Lap Length
– During placing the steel in RC structure if the required length of
a bar is not sufficiently available to make a design length then
lapping is done.
– Lapping means overlapping of two bars side by side to achieve
required design length.
– In case of RCC structure, if the length of reinforcement bars
need to be extended, splicing is used to join two reinforcement
bars for transferring the forces to the joined bar.

– Suppose, we need to build a 100 feet tall column. But practically 100 ft long bar
is not available and it is also not possible to cage. Therefore we need to cut the
bars in every second story. Now, we need to transfer the tension forces from one
bar to the other at the location of discontinuity of bar. So we have to provide the
second bar closed to the first bar that is discontinued and overlapping is to be
done. The amount of overlapping between two bars is known as lap length.

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 Methods of Estimation :

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