TWO-STROKE CYCLE DIESEL ENGINE

● The two-stroke cycle is completed in two strokes of the piston or one revolution
of the crankshaft. In order to operate this cycle where each event is
accomplished in a very short time, the engine requires a number of special
arrangements. First, the fresh air must be forced in under pressure. The
incoming air is used to clean out or scavenge the exhaust gases and then to fill
or charge the space with fresh air. Instead of valve holes, known as 'ports', are
used which are opened and closed by the sides of the piston as it moves.
● A cross-section of a two-stroke cycle engine is shown in Figure below . The
piston is solidly connected to a piston rod which is attached to a crosshead
bearing at the other end. The top end of the connecting rod is also joined to the
crosshead bearing.
● Ports are arranged in the cylinder liner for air inlet and a valve in the cylinder
head enables the release of exhaust gases.
● The incoming air is pressurised by a turbo-blower which is driven by the
outgoing exhaust gases. The crankshaft is supported within the engine bedplate
by the main bearings. A-frames are mounted on the bedplate and house guides
in which the crosshead travels up and down. The entablature is mounted above
the frames and is made up of the cylinders, cylinder heads and the scavenge
trunking.

Advantages:

● It gives higher efficiency.

● It creates less pollution.
● It is quieter in operation.
● It runs cleaner due to the fact that there is no extra oil added in fuel.

Disadvantages:

● These engines are more complicated due to valve mechanism and the lubrication
system.
● It gives less power.
● It is expensive compared to the two-stroke cycle engine.

FOUR-STROKE CYCLE DIESEL ENGINE

 ● A 4-stroke engine is a very common variation of an internal combustion engine.
Most modern internal combustion-powered vehicles are 4-strokes, powered by
either gasoline or diesel fuel.
● During engine operation, pistons go through 4 events to achieve each power
cycle. The definition of an event is an up or down piston motion. Upon
completion of the 4 events, the cycle is complete and ready to begin again.
● 4-stroke engines deliver a good balance of power, reliability and efficiency. When
it comes to emissions, 4-strokes separate each event mechanically, which
reduces unburned fuel emissions. It also separates oil from fuel, which
significantly reduces carbon monoxide emissions. This combination of desirable
traits has earned the 4-stroke the top spot in passenger vehicles today.

Advantages:

● Its cost is lower.

● High power compared to the four-stroke engines.
● More power-to-weight ratio.
● Easy to maintain due to absence of valve mechanism and lubrication system.
● Easy to start and simple in mechanism.

Disadvantages:

● More wear and tear due to the poor lubrication system.

● It results in high vibration and noisy operation.
● It is less efficient compared to the four-stroke-cycle.
● It burns lubrication oil with charge and therefore produces more pollution.