Bb‡mckb Ux‡gi D‡`¨v‡M cÖkœ mgvavb 1 evsjv‡`k cjøx we`y¨Zvqb †evW©

 e¨vL¨v t 1974 - 75 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki f~ZvwË¡K

evsjv‡`k cjøx we`y¨Zvqb †evW© Rwic Awa`ßi w`bvRcyi ‡Rjvi ga¨cvov bvgK
c‡`i bvg : mnKvix cwiPvjK ¯’v‡b I msjMœ GjvKvq QqwU K~c Lbb K‡i Gfs
f~-c„‡ôi AwZ Aí MfxiZvqcyivRxexq hy‡Mi
†KjvwmZ wfw˯͇i KwVb wkjvi Aw¯ÍZ¡ wbwðZ
mvaviY Ávb nq|
56. What would be the life span of the
KwVb wkjv (Hardrock) : cvjwjK wkjv †_‡K c„_K
satelite Bangabandhu satelite?
Ges mvaviYfv‡e k³, Nb, †KjvwmZ Av‡Mœq
K. 3 years L. 5 years
A_ev iƒcvšÍwiZ wkjv‡K KwVb wkjv wn‡m‡e wPwýZ
M. 15 years N. 20 years
Kiv nq|
 e¨vL¨v t 11 †g, 2018 ivZ 2Uv 15 wgwbU| ¯^vaxb 58. In which year, the first parliamentary
evsjv‡`‡ki 47 eQ‡ii BwZnv‡mi me©v‡cÿv ¯§iYxq GK
gzûZ©| G mgq Zxeª Av¸‡bi njKv QzwU‡q cÖPÛ kw³‡Z
election was held in Bangladesh?
AvKv‡ki w`‡K Wvbv †g‡i Qz‡U Pjj evsjv‡`‡ki cZvKv K. 1970 L. 1971
†kvwfZ cÖ_g m¨v‡UjvBU e½eÜz-1| GiB gva¨‡g evOvwj M. 1972 N. 1973
RvwZi mÿgZv, DbœwZ, mvdj¨, †M․ie I `xN© w`‡bi jvwjZ O. None
¯^‡cœi mv_©K mgš^q wnmv‡e e½eÜz-1 m¨v‡UjvB‡Ui Dr‡ÿcY  e¨vL¨v t evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq 7
evsjv‡`k‡K m¨v‡UjvB‡Ui AwfRvZ K¬v‡ei 57Zg m`‡m¨i gvP© 1973| GQvovI Ab¨vb¨ wbe©vP‡bi Z_¨ wb‡P
gh©v`v `vb Kij| e½eÜz m¨v‡UjvBU m¤úwK©Z wKQz ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †`qv n‡jv -
Z_¨- msm` wbe©vPb mgqKvj
bvg : e½eÜz-1
wØZxq 18 †deªæqvwi 1979
wbg©vZv cÖwZôvb : †_‡jm A¨v‡jwbqv Z…Zxq 7 †g 1979
Dr‡ÿc‡Yi mgq : 11 †g, 2018; ivZ 2:15 wgwbU PZz_© 3 gvP© 1988
Dr‡ÿc‡Yi ¯’vb : †Kc‡K‡bwW †¯úm †m›Uvi (hy³ivóª)
cÂg 27 †deªæqvwi 1981
enbKvix i‡KU : d¨vjKb-9 (fvm©b-5)
i‡KU wbg©vZv I Dr‡ÿcYKvix cÖwZôvb †¯úmG· (hy³ivóª) lô 15 †deªæqvwi 1996
IRb : 3,600 †KwR mßg 12 Ryb 1996
Kÿc_ : 119.10 c~e© `ªvwNgvsk Aóg 1 A‡±vei 2001
UªvÝcÛvi msL¨v 40wU (26wU †KBW e¨vÛ I 14 wU wmwm e¨vÛ) beg 29 wW‡m¤^i 2008
MÖvDÛ †÷kb : MvRxcyi I †eZeywbqv `kg 5 Rvbyqvwi 2018
Avqy®‥vj : 15 eQi GKv`k 30 wW‡m¤^i 2018
cÖKí e¨q : 2765 †KvwU UvKv 59. On which date in 2018, the ‘National
e½eÜz m¨v‡UjvBU -1 Gi evwYwR¨K Kvh©µ‡gi civgk©K Energy Security Day’ has been
wbhy³ n‡q‡Q - _vBKg (_vBj¨vÛ) Observed across the country?
evsjv‡`k e½eÜz 01
a. 8th august b. 10th November
m¨v‡UjvB‡Ui cy‡iv `vwqZ¡ ey‡S
†bq 09 b‡f¤^i 2018 d«v‡Ýi
c. 10th december d. 9th august
†_‡jm A¨v‡jwbqv †¯ú‡mi wbKU O. None
†_‡K  e¨vL¨v t The National Energy Security
57. Which of the following minerals is Day – 2018 is observed across the
found at maddya para in Dinajpur country, commemorating the history
district? decision taken by Father of the Nation
K. Coal L. White clay Bangabandha Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
M. Lime stone N. Hard rock on August 9, 1975.
Bb‡mckb Ux‡gi D‡`¨v‡M cÖkœ mgvavb 2 evsjv‡`k cjøx we`y¨Zvqb †evW©
RvwZi wcZv e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb 1975 mv‡ji ksKi †Mvwe›` †P․ayix (gi‡YvËi)
9 AvM÷ weªwUk †Zj †Kv¤úvwb Ô‡kj A‡qjÕ Gi Gqvi fvBm gvk©vj (Ae) myjZvb gvngy`
5wU M¨vm‡ÿÎ ivóªxq gvwjKvbvq wK‡b †bqvi (exiDËg)
`~i`k©x wm×v‡šÍi d‡j †`kR R¡vjvwb wbf©i Gg Avãyi iwng (gi‡YvËi)
A_©bxwZi m~Pbv nq| RvwZi wcZvi †m HwZnvwmK f~cwZ f~lY †P․ayix Ii‡d gvwbK †P․ayix
(gi‡YvËi)
wmÜv‡šÍi Kvi‡Y 9 AvM÷ RvZxq R¡vjvwb wbivcËv
knx` †j. †gv. Av‡bvqviæj AvwRg
w`em cvjb Kiv nq| (gi‡YvËi)
60. In which of the following districts ûgvqb ikx` †P․ayix (gi‡YvËi)
the biggest gas field in Bangladesh is knx` Avgvbyjøvn †gvnv¤§` Avmv`y¾vgvb
Situated? (gi‡YvËi)
a. Moulovibazar b. Sunamganj knx` gwZDi ingvb gwjøK (gi‡YvËi)
c. Habiganj d. Narayanganj knx` mv‡R©›U Rûiæj nK (gi‡YvËi)
O. None AvgRv`yj nK
 e¨vL¨v t bvivqYM‡Äi wZZvm evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q wPwKrmvwe`¨v : G †K GgwW Avnmvb Avjx
eo M¨vm †ÿÎ (1962)| evsjv‡`k mvivwe‡k¦i g‡a¨ mgvR‡mev : Aa¨vcK G †K AvRv` Lvb
mvwnZ¨ : †mwjbv †nv‡mb
19Zg e„nr cÖvK…wZK M¨vm Drcv`bKvix †`k| eZ©gv‡b
Lv`¨wbivcËv : †gv. Ave`yj gwR`
evsjv‡`‡k 29wU cÖvK…wZK M¨vm‡ÿÎ i‡q‡Q| cÖ_g ms¯‥…wZ : Avmv`y¾gvb b~i
M¨vm‡ÿÎ Avwe®‥…Z n‡qwQj 1955 mv‡j wm‡j‡Ui K…wl mvsevw`KZv : kvBL wmivR
nwicy‡i Ges me©‡kl M¨vm †ÿÎ n‡jv ‡fvjv b_©| cÖ_g 63. In terms of land area, which one is
M¨vm D‡Ëvjb kiæ nq 1957 mv‡j| the largest district of Bangladesh?
61. Which of the following is a coal fired a. Rangamati b. Chittagong
power station in Bangladesh? c. Dhaka d. Feni
a. Ashuganj b. Barapukuria e. None
c. Ghorashal d. Siddhirganj  e¨vL¨v t evsjv‡`‡ki e„nËg I ÿz`ªZg cÖkvmwbK
O. None GKK
 e¨vL¨v t Bangladesh Power Development AvqZ‡b
Board Gi cwiPvjbvq w`bvRcy‡ii eocyKzwiqvq bvg e„nËg ÿz`ªZg
250 †gMvIqvU ÿgZvm¤úbœ Coal-fired wefvM PÆMÖvg gqgbwmsn
power station wUi Kvh©µg Pjgvb i‡q‡Q| ‡Rjv ivOvgvwU bvivqYMÄ
62. How many distinguished personalities Dc‡Rjv k¨vgbMi (mvZÿxiv) e›`i (bvivqYMÄ)
have been honoured with the _vbv k¨vgbMi (mvZÿxiv) Iqvix (XvKv)
‘Independece award’ in 2018 in BDwbqb mv‡RK (evNvBQwo, nvRxcyi (‡`․jZLvb,
Bangladesh? ivOvgvwU) †fvjv)
a. 12 b. 13
RbmsL¨vq
c. 16 d. 18
wefvM XvKv ewikvj
O. None
‡Rjv XvKv ev›`ievb
 e¨vL¨v t 2018 mv‡j ¯^vaxbZv c` †gvU 18 Rb Dc‡Rjv MvRxcyi m`i _vbwP (ev›`ievb)
m¤§vbxZ e¨w³‡K cÖ`vb Kiv nq - _vbv e¸ov m`i
cyi¯‹v‡ii †ÿÎ cyi¯‹vi cÖvß e¨w³
BDwbqb avb‡mvbv (mvfvi, nvRxcyi (‡`․jZLvb,
¯^vaxbZv I KvRx RvwKi nvmvb (gi‡YvËi)
gyw³hy× knx` eyw×Rxex Gm Gg G ivkx`yj nvmvb XvKv) †fvjv)
(gi‡YvËi) 64. Which of the following sectors in the
Bb‡mckb Ux‡gi D‡`¨v‡M cÖkœ mgvavb
highest contributor to GDP of Bangladesh?
a. Agriculture b. Service
c. Industry d. Household
e. None
 e¨vL¨v t wRwWwc‡Z LvZIqvix Ae`vb t A_©‣bwZK
mgxÿv 2018 Abymv‡i, wRwWwcZ ‡mev Lv‡Zi
Ae`vb me‡P‡q †ewk|
‡mev LvZ - 52.19%, wkí LvZ - 33.71% Ges
K…wl LvZ - 14.11% (K…wl I ebR : 10.54%
Ges grm¨ m¤ú` : 3.57%|
65. Hasina A daughter’s tale was
directed by ......
a. Kazi Hayat
b. Enamul Karim Nirjhor
c. Piplu Khan
d. Abu Sayeed e. None
 e¨vL¨v t evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbvi Rxeb
Mí wb‡q wbwg©Z WKz-Wªvgv ÔÔHasina : A
Daughter’s Tale’’| 70 wgwbU •`‡N¨©i G
Z_¨wP‡Îi cwiPvjb †iRvDi ingvb Lvb wccjy|
66. Where is the headquarters of the
Islamic Development bank includes?
a. Madina b. Jeddah
c. Istanbul d. Islamabad
e. None
 e¨vL¨v t Bmjvgx Dbœqb e¨vsK (IDB) Gi m`i
`ßi Aew¯’Z †m․w` Avi‡ei †RÏvq| cÖwZôvbwUi
eZ©gvb †Pqvig¨v‡bi bvg ÔÔBandar Al
Hajjar’’. eZ©gvb m`m¨ msL¨v 57wU|
Peace and Harmony : cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv‡K
wb‡q wewfbœ Kwe‡`i †jLv KweZv wb‡q msKwjZ
Kve¨MÖš’| G‡Z 71 Rb Kwei KweZv i‡q‡Q|
KweZv¸‡jv Bs‡iwR‡Z Abyev` K‡ib Avwbm
†gvnv¤§`| 24 A‡±vei 2018 Kve¨MÖš’wUi †gvoK
D‡b¥vPb Kiv nq|
Sheikh Hasina The Leader: evsjv‡`‡ki
gvbxq cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbvi msMÖvgx Rxeb wb‡q
d‡qR †iRv KZ©„K wbwg©Z 11 wgwbU 33 †m‡K‡Ûi
Z_¨wPÎ|
67. Who is the current secretary general
of the South Asian Association for
3 evsjv‡`k cjøx we`y¨Zvqb †evW©
Regional Cooperation (SAARC)?
a. Amjad Hossain b. Arjun bahadur
c. shiva prasad d. Ahmed sawan
e. None
 e¨vL¨v t mvK© (SAARC) Gi gnvmwP‡ei bvg ÔAvgRv`
†nv‡mb wmqvjÕ|
68. What is the second geographical
indication product of Bangladesh?
a. Hilsha fish b. Kalan
c. Jamdani d. Shrimp
e. None
 e¨vL¨v t wR AvB (Geographical Indication)
mb` jvf K‡i 02wU (Bwjk I Rvg`vwb)|
Rvg`vwb wR AvB mb` jvf K‡i 17 b‡f¤^i,
2016| wØZxq cY¨ wn‡m‡e wR AvB mb` jvf K‡i
Bwjk 7 AvM÷ 2017 mv‡j| Rvg`vwb I Bwj‡ki
ci †`‡ki Z…Zxq †f․‡MvwjK wb‡`©kK (GI)
¯^xK…wZ cvevi A‡cÿvq ÿxikvcvwZ Avg|
69. Which of the following is the largest
ethnic group to Bangladesh?
a. Chakma b. Hajong
c. Garo d. Shaotal
e. None
 e¨vL¨v t ev›`ievb, ivOvgvwU I LvMovQwo ‡Rjvq
emevmKvix evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb msL¨vMwiô DcRvwZ|
Z‡e me©vwaK PvgKv Rb‡Mvôx evm K‡i ivOvgvwU
†Rjv‡Z| PvKgv mgv‡Ri cÖavb n‡”Q ÔivRvÕ| GQvov
G‡`i MÖvg cÖavb ejv nq ÔKvievwiÕ| Zzjv wb‡q msMwVZ
Kvc©vm we‡`ªvn/PvKgv we‡`ªv‡ni bvqK Ry¤§v Lvb (1776-
87)| PvKgv fvlvq wjwLZ cÖ_g Dcb¨v‡mi bvg
Ô‡d‡evÕ| ÔPvKvgvÕ k‡ãi A_© gvbyl|
70. Which of the following countries has
joined as the 19th EU member
country in the club of countries that
use the euro currency?
a. Lithuania b. Austria
c. Spain d. Portugal
e. None
 e¨vL¨v t BD‡ivcxq BDwbq‡bi 28wU m`m¨ †`‡ki
g‡a¨ 19wU ‡`k G hveZ BD‡iv gy`ªv MÖnY K‡i‡Q|
GB 19wU ivóª‡K GK‡Î BD‡iv †Rvb e‡j| 19Zg
Bb‡mckb Ux‡gi D‡`¨v‡M cÖkœ mgvavb
†`k wn‡m‡e BD‡ivcxq BDwbq‡bi AšÍfy³ © †`k
wj_yqvwbqv BD‡iv Pvjy K‡i 2015 mv‡ji 01
Rvbyqvwi| GB 19wU †`‡ki bvg g‡b ivL‡Z cv‡ib
: [AvR A‡ejvB cy®ú dzdz I fvBM‡b mvB I gvëv
wb‡q †køvfvwKqvq †Mj]| ‡`kmg~n wgwj‡q wbb : Av
= Avqvij¨vÛ, R = Rvg©vwb, A = Aw÷ªqv, †e =
†ejwRqvg, j = jvUwfqv, wj_yqvwbqv Ges
jy‡·gevM©, B = BZvwj, c = cZz©Mvj, ¯ú =
†¯úb, d = d«vÝ, d = wdbj¨vÛ, f = †køv‡fwbqv
(‡køv‡fwbqvi g‡a¨ ÔfÕ Av‡Q), M = wMÖm, b =
†b`vij¨vÛ, gvëv = gvëv, G = G‡¯Ívwbqv, mvB =
mvBcÖvm, †køvfvwKqv = ‡køvfvwKqv|
71. The NAFTA comprises North
America, Canada and .............
a. Venezuela b. Mexico
c. Chile d. All of these
e. None
 e¨vL¨v t The North American Free Trade
Agreement (NAFTA) n‡jv KvbvWv, hy³ivóª,
†gw·‡Kvi g‡a¨ ¯^vÿwiZ GKwU w·`kxq evwYwR¨K
Pzw³| 1 Rvbyqvwi 1994 hy³ivóª-KvbvWv-‡gw·‡Kvi
g‡a¨ ¯^vÿwiZ nq wÎcÿxq evwYR¨ Pzw³ North
American Free Trade Agreement
(NAFTA)| wKš‘ 20 Rvbyqvwi 2017 ÿgZvq Avmvi
ciciB gvwK©b ¯^v_© cwicš’x e‡j NAFTA wb‡q
AvcwË †Zv‡jb hy³iv‡óªi †cÖwm‡W›U †Wvbvì Uªv¤ú|
wZwb 18 †g 2017 Pzw³wU †_‡K hy³ivóª‡K mwi‡q
†bqvi ûgwK †`b| GK eQ‡ii †ewk mgq a‡i
NAFTA wb‡q bvbvb Av‡jvPbv-weZK© Pjvi ci 30
†m‡Þ¤^i 2018 Pzw³wU cy‡ivcywi †X‡j mvRv‡Z m¤§Z
nq hy³ivóª, †gw·‡Kv I KvbvWv|
Avjv¯‥v
KvbvWv
hy³ivóª
‡gw·‡Kv ‡gw·‡Kv DcmvMi
4 evsjv‡`k cjøx we`y¨Zvqb †evW©
72. Which country hosted the BIMSTEC
SUMMIT 2018?
a. Nepal b. India
c. Pakistan d. Bangladesh
e. None
 e¨vL¨v t 24-31 AvM÷ 2018 †bcv‡ji ivRavbx
KvVgvÛz‡Z AbywôZ nq BIMSTEC Gi PZz_©
m‡¤§jb| cÖwZôvbwUi cÂg kxl© m‡¤§jb AbywôZ
n‡e kÖxj¼vq|
73. Which of the following is the second
highest award for individual
gallantry in Bangladesh?
a. Bir Bikrom b. Bir Uttom
c. Bir Protik d. Bir Shrestha
e. None
 e¨vL¨v t ¯^vaxbZv hy×Kv‡j ev cieZx© mg‡q wewfbœ
BDwbU, †m±i, weª‡MW †_‡K cvIqv †LZv‡ei Rb¨
mycvwikmg~n Gqvi fvBm gvk©vj G. †K L›`Kv‡ii
†bZ…‡Z¡ GKwU KwgwU Øviv wbixÿv Kiv nq| Gici
1973 mv‡ji 14B wW‡m¤^i cÖwZiÿvgš¿x wn‡m‡e
cÖavbgš¿x wn‡m‡e e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb
†LZve ZvwjKvq ¯^vÿi K‡ib| 1973 mv‡j 15B
wW‡m¤^i c~‡e© wbe©vwPZ mKj gyw³‡hv×vi bvgmn
‡gvU 676 Rb gyw³‡hv×v‡K †LZve cª`vb Kiv
nq| gh©v`vµ‡g wb‡P †`Lv‡bv n‡jv -
01. exi‡kÖô 7 Rb 02. exi DËg 68 Rb
03. exiweµg 175 Rb 04. exicÖZxK 426 Rb
GQvovI we‡`wk eÜz‡`iI m¤§vbbv cÖ`vb Kiv nq|
evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxbZv m¤§vbbv - 01 Rb (kÖxgwZ Bw›`iv
MvÜx), evsjv‡`k gyw³hy× m¤§vbbv : 15 Rb Ges
evsjv‡`k •gÎx m¤§vbbv : 311 Rb I 11wU msMVb)
74. To migrate from a least developed
country to a developing country Gross
National income per capital of a country
has to be ......... dollar.
a. 1200 b. 1210
c. 1220 d. 1230
e. None
 e¨vL¨v t যে সকল যেশের উন্নয়ন-প্রক্রিয়া কােযত স্থক্রির,
োক্ররদ্র্যহার কমাশনার যেশে িযর্য, ঝুঁক্রকর তীব্রতা যিক্রে
তাশের স্বশপান্নত যেে (LDC) িশল। এই যেেগুশলাশক
Bb‡mckb Ux‡gi D‡`¨v‡M cÖkœ mgvavb 5 evsjv‡`k cjøx we`y¨Zvqb †evW©
আন্তজযাক্রতক িাক্রিজয, ক্রিশেক্রে ঋি ও অনোন ঩াওয়ার such stage as may be determined by
যেশে ক্রিক্রিন্ন সংস্থা ও উন্নত যেেগুশলার কাছ যর্শক ক্রিশেষ law).
সক্রিধা যেওয়ার নীক্রত ও ক্রসদ্ধান্ত রশয়শছ জাক্রতসংঘ,
ডক্রিউক্রিও সহ নানা আন্তজযাক্রতক সংস্থায়। স্বশপান্নত যেে
ক্রনধযারি করার সূচক িা ক্রিক্রি ৩ক্রি। ের্া: K. gv_vwcQz
Avq, L. gvbem¤ú` Dbœqb Ges M. A_©‣bwZK DËigvjv
f½yiZv|
১ম েতয : ৩ িছশরর গড় মার্াক্র঩ছ আয় কম঩শে ১২৩০ 56 (M) 57 (N) 58 (N) 59 (N) 60 (N)
ডলার হশত হশি। মার্াক্র঩ছ আয় ১০৩৫ হশল 61 (L) 62 (N) 63 (K) 64 (L) 65 (M)
স্বশপান্নত যেে ক্রহশসশি অন্তিযক্ত হয়। ২০১৮ 66 (L) 67 (K) 68 (K) 69 (K) 70 (K)
সাশলর ঩েযাশলাচনায় এলক্রডক্রস যর্শক উিরশির
71 (L) 72 (K) 73 (L) 74 (N) 75 (K)
যোগযতা ক্রহশসশি মার্াক্র঩ছ আশয়র মানেণ্ড
১২৩০ ডলার িা তার যিক্রে। ক্রকন্তু গত ক্রতন
িছশর িাংলাশেশের গড় মার্াক্র঩ছ আয়
োুঁক্রড়শয়শছ ১,২৭৪ ডলার। Bb‡mckb wi‡m›U †_‡K †gvU 13wU cÖkœ
২য় েতয : মানসম্পে উন্নয়শনর যেশে ঩ক্রি, স্বাস্থয, ক্রেো
Kgb c‡o‡Q| KviY, G mKj cixÿvq
ও িয়স্ক ক্রেোশেশে উন্নয়নশক মূলযায়ন কশর wi‡m›U Av‡jvwPZ welqmg~n Av‡m|
জাক্রতসংঘ। এিাশরর ঩েযাশলাচনায় মানিসম্পে
সূচশক যোগযতা ক্রনরূ঩শির জনয যস্কার ধরা হয়
৬৬ িা তার যিক্রে। িাংলাশেশের যস্কার যসখাশন
৭৩.২০।
৩য় েতয : িঙ্গর অর্যননক্রতক অিস্থা েূর করা। অর্যননক্রতক
িঙ্গরতা সূচশক যোগয হওয়ার ক্রনধযাক্ররত যস্কার
ক্রছল ৩২ িা তার কম। িাংলাশেশের যস্কার
োুঁক্রড়শয়শছ ২৫.২০।
75. Which article of the constitution of
Bangladesh establishes the
fundamental rights to education
for all?
a. 17 b. 21
c. 37 d. 39
e. None
 e¨vL¨v t MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k msweav‡bi 17 (K)
bs Aby‡”Q‡` ej n‡q‡Q- ÔGKB c×wZi MYgyLx I
mve©Rbxb wkÿve¨e¯’v cÖwZôvi Rb¨ Ges AvB‡bi
Øviv wba©vwiZ ¯Íi ch©šÍ mKj evjK - evwjKv‡K
A‣eZwbK I eva¨Zvg~jK wkÿv`v‡bi Rb¨ Kvh©Ki
e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡eb|Ó (The state Shall
adopt effective measures for the
purpose of establishing a uniform,
mass-oriented and universal system of
education and extending free and
compulsory education to all children to