HISTOLOGY LEC

Acne on the face

Avoid contact
Tie your hair

You can have meningitis if you manipulate your pimples in the triangle.

Connective Tissue

1. Macrophage
- They attach to the sites of inflammation
- they ingest bacteria, dead cells, cell debris and other foreign matter
- enhance the immunologic activities of lymphocytes
- antigen-presenting cells to lymphocytes that perform important functions in the immune response.
- pseudopods – part of cytoplasm
- they will attach and use digestive enzymes

Example of phagocyte is neutrophil

Can eat 10 -90 bacteria before they die
Produce pus, combination of dead cell, bacteria, neutrophil and be engulped by macrophage
Marcophage are scavengers. Eats nana and dead cells
Can eat up to 1000 cells

Histiocytes/ Langerhans cells – skin

Microglia - brain
Kupffer cells – liver
Alveolar cells – alveoli of the lungs
Monocytes – blood
Osteoclasts - bones

Special Connective Tissue

Blood
Bone
Cartilage
Fat

Regular
Elastic
Collagenous
Reticular

Originates from mesoderm

Some people’s fibroblasts are active

Produces scar
It is very active produces keloid an elevated scar.
Fibroblasts are microsurgeons.
With 24 hours it will cover unless there’s infection

Fats (Adipose)
What is the color of fat cells using H&E?
- Clear

If you exercise, it goes thinner.

If you stop, fat will again expand
Hyaline cartilage
- Most common in the body and serves as skeletal model of most bones
- are the white in the bone of chicken
- Collageneous fibers inside lacuna is chondrocytes
- Baby cartilage – will be filled in calcium
- Collagen will be replaced by calcium that becomes the bone
Chondrocytes to osteocytes

Elastic Cartilage
- Contains branching elastic fibers in matrix and is highly flexible.
- Found in external ear, auditory tube, epiglottis, and larynx.

Fibrocartilage
- Filled with dense bundles of type 1 collagen fibers that alternate with cartilage matrix.
- Provides tensile strength, bears weight, and resists compression
- Found in interverbal disks, symphysis pubis and certain joints.

Wright stain – differentiating stain

Can differentiate blood, rbs, wbcs, platelets

WBC
1. Granulocytes – with granules
Red granules – eosinophil (acidic)
Loves parasites
Blue granules – basophile
Lilac granules – neutrophil
- Is a phagocyte

Histamine – initiate allergic reaction

Heparin – natural anticoagulant

Agranulocytes – w/o granules

Monocytes – macrophage in blood
Bigger than lymphocytes
Lymphocytes – many nucleus, one of the smallest

Nucleus Monocyte – bean shaped

Cytoplasm – robin egg blue
Lymphocyte – bigger nucleus
Cytoplasm – pink, less
Important for the production of anti-bodies
B- Lymphocyte – mature, production of antibodies
T- Lymphocyte – immature, needed to mature in thymus
Other types of t cells
T cells won’t recognize foreign antigen, like HIV will become immune compromised
Like an army di alam kalaban

WBC
Platelets – fragments, no nucleus and cytoplasm
- Fragment of megakaryocytes
- Sticky soft, like gelatin
- If they see humps they will stick to it.
- Can form clot
Nucleus basophil – gray, dirty looking
Muscle Tissue

1. Skeletal – cylindrical, striated, multinucleated, nucleus located at the side

2. Smooth – no striations, nucleus one, located at the center
3. Cardiac – striated, branching, interconnected discs, organize
- If hearts pumps is not good, clot will form inside or faint

Nervous Tissue
Cells:
1. Neuron – functional tissue
Dendrites – receiving sensory information to cell body
Cell body – process impulses
Axon – transmit impulse from the cell body away

2. Neuroglia – supportive tissue

- Protects the main star neuron
- More than neuron
- Oligodendrocytes – produces myelin sheath

SUMMARY
Epithelial Tissue
- Covers mainly the body
- Classified lining epithelium , glandular epithelium
- Layers shape (keratinized) epithelium
- Changes in 2 weeks
- Lining epithelium 3 days
- Needs vitamin A to change.

Connective Tissue
- Regular
- Cells fibroblast, mast cells, macrophage
- Fibrolast repairs in 24 hrs
- Special cells cartilage -chondrocytes
- Fat – adipocytes
- Blood – erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes
- Bone – osteocytes

Connective tissue fiber

Hyaline - straight
Elastic - wavy
Reticular – network

Muscle
Contract by tissue capable of
Bone, heart, internal organs
Matagal magrepair
Madugo

Nervous
Neuron – process
Axon and dendrites
Are not capable of regeneration
Neuroglia - supportive