We are asked to determine which substance (sucrose or CaCl2) has a greater effect on the boiling

point elevation and freezing point depression.

On adding sucrose and CaCl2 to water, the boiling point and the freezing point of the solution
changes with respect to that of pure water. The change in the boiling point and the freezing point is
due to the number of solute particles in the solvent.

On dissolving sucrose and CaCl2 in water, let ‘i’ be the number of solute particles that will
dissociate into the solvent. This is also called the Van’t Hoff factor

The change in the freezing and boiling point temperatures are given by,

Δ Tb = kb*i*m

Δ Tf = kf*i*m

Where
Δ Tb = boiling point of solution- boiling point of pure solvent
kb = boiling point elevation constant of the solvent. For water it is 0.51 °C/m
m= molality of the solution (moles of solute/kg of solvent)
kf= freezing point depression constant. For water it is 1.86 °C/m

We are given the change in the boiling points and freezing points of the respective solutions.
Therefore we can find ‘i’ by plotting a graph of ΔT on y axis vs k*m on the x axis.

Taking sucrose solution:

The effect of sucrose on the boiling point of water:

Mass of water (g) 100

Mass of sucrose (g) 2.5 5 7.5 10

moles of sucrose 0.007 0.015 0.022 0.029
molality of solution
(m) 0.07 0.15 0.22 0.29
Boiling point
elevation 0.03 0.08 0.11 0.13
kb*m 0.0357 0.0765 0.1122 0.1479

Plotting the graph we get,

 Effect of sucrose on BP
0.14
f(x) = 0.89 x + 0
0.12 R² = 0.97

0.1
Boiling point elevation

0.08
bp_elevation
0.06 Linear (bp_elevation)

0.04

0.02

0
0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16
Kb*m

The trendline of the curve gives us the equation of the line and from the slope, i= 0.89

Similarly for the effect of sucrose on the freezing point of the solution,

Mass of water (g) 100

Mass of sucrose (g) 2.5 5 7.5 10

moles of sucrose 0.007 0.015 0.022 0.029
molality of solution
(m) 0.07 0.15 0.22 0.29
freezing point
depression 0.13 0.26 0.39 0.5
Kf*m 0.1302 0.279 0.4092 0.5394

The graph is

The trendline of the curve gives us the equation of the line and from the slope, i= 0.91

Taking CaCl2 solutions:

Effect of CaCl2 on the boiling point of the solution,

The trendline of the curve gives us the equation of the line and from the slope, i= 2.70

Effect of CaCl2 on the freezing point of the solution,

The trendline of the curve gives us the i value of i = 2.67

Therefore, from the given data it is clear that CaCl2 has a more pronounced effect on the boiling
point elevation and freezing point depression.

From the graph, we see that this is because CaCl2 dissociates into more solute particles in solution
compared to sucrose (greater i values)