LESSON 1: THE ACR MODEL
09/12/20
-Useful in doing/making decisions as far as issues
that are confronting us when a globalized world is
concern
Awareness
Choice
Responsibility
-When you are aware you are knowledgeable and
you have a range of choices then responsibility will
come in. Be accountable for your decision.
LESSON 2: GLOBALIZATION
09/12/20
● CONCEPTION AND MISCONCEPTION
● BENEFICIARIES, VICTIMS, VERSATILES
● INFLOWS, OUTFLOWS, NONFLOWS
-Globalization is a contested term
-Is a term in heavy current usage but one whose
meaning remains obscure, often even among
those who invoke it. (Reich,1998)
-Thus, globalization might be inherently
transgressive, yet many of its core connotations
are such that they presuppose and thus are
parasites upon the same social ontology it
promises to transcend. (Bartelson,2000:183)
-Globalization is a slippery and elusive concept.
Despite intensifying interest in the phenomenon
of globalization since the 1980s the term is still
used to refer, variously, to a process, a policy, a
marketing strategy, a predicament or even an
ideology.
-The problem with globalization is that it is not
much an “it” as a “them”: it is not a single process
but a complex of processes, sometimes
overlapping and interlocking processes but also, at
times, contradicting and oppositional ones.
(Heywood, 2002:137)
● METAPHORS OF GLOBALIZATION
Evolution of things for example
Apple (fruit or Gadget)
Tablet (Medicine or Gadget)
Manga (Fruit or Japan comics)
Upload (Brown banana or Cloud)
Because of globalization words have other
meaning.
● DEFINITION OF GLOBALIZATION
-Globalization is defined as an unprecedented new
world state, a special phase of the world history
that is already perceptible but that started
ultimately in its mature form in 1989 with the
retreat of communism. (Endre, 2013:129)
-The inexorable integration of markets, nation-
states and technologies to a degree never
witnessed before-in a way that is enabling
individuals, corporations and nation-states to
reach around the world farther, faster, deeper,
and cheaper than ever before, and in a way that is
enabling the world to reach into individuals,
corporations and nation-states farther, faster,
deeper and cheaper than ever before. (Friedman,
2009:9)
-Globalization is a transplanetary process or set of
process involving increasing liquidity and growing
multidirectional flows of people, objects, places,
and information as well as the structures they
encounter and create that are barriers to, or
expedite those flows. (Ritzer & Dean, 2015:460)
-Globalization is the emergence of a complex web
of interconnectedness that means that our lives
are increasingly shaped by events that occur, and
decisions that are made, at a great distance from
us. Distinctions are commonly drawn between
economic globalization, cultural globalization and
political globalization. (Heywood, 2014:24)
-A complex process involving worldwide diffusion
of cultural products, the streamlining of
international manufacturing and trade, the
standardization of global financial markets, and
the prevalence of new media technology capable
of simultaneous real-time transmission of content
everywhere in the world. (Dictionary of Critical
Theory, p.202)
-Globalization refers to the expansion and
intensification of social relations and
consciousness across world-time and world-space.
(Steger, 2013:2015)
● RELATED CONCEPTS
-Globalism, The way of
thinking/philosophy/ideology/way of belief
-Glocal, mixture of global and local/ a local
product with global appeal
-Solid, liquid, Gas; there are those who are S L
(mobility)G
-Inter, global
-Trans, global
LESSON 3: HISTORY OF GLOBALIZATION AND THE
ASPECT OF GLOBALIZATION
09/14/20
● GLOBALIZATION: WHAT WENT BEFORE
⮚ Ancient Migration of People
⮚ The Commercial Transitions Among Nations
(The silk roads)
⮚ Religious Mission (Christian and Islam)
⮚ The Invention of Printing (Johannes Gutenberg,
1440)
⮚ The Discoveries of the Americas and Voyages
to the far east (from 1492 hence)
⮚ The World Wars
● THE FACETS OF GLOBALIZATION
⮚ Political Political
⮚ Religious
⮚ Technological.
⮚ Cultural
⮚ Economic
LESSON 4: THE UNITED NATIONS MEETS THE 21st five types of gaps: knowledge, norma, policies,
CENTURY: CONFRONTING THE CHALLENGES OF institutions, and compliance
GLOBAL GOVERNANCE ● THE ORGANS OF THE UNITED NATIONS
09/16 & 21/20
The harsh reality: Governments alone cannot
resolve today’s global problems
● GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
-The sum of laws, norms, institutions that define,
constitute and mediate transborder relations
between states, culture, citizens,
intergovernmental and nongovernmental
organizations and the market the welders and the
● THE MAIN GAPS THE UN HAS MET IN THE
21st CENTURY
⮚ Knowledge
⮚ Norms
⮚ Institutions and
⮚ Compliance
● FOUR ESSENTIAL ROLES OF THE UN
⮚ Managing Knowledge
1. Recognizing the existence of a problem
2. Collect solid data about the nature of the
problem
3. Understand its causes to understand the
problem
⮚ Developing Norms
-The UN helps to solidify a new norm of behavior
often through summit conferences and
international panels and commissions
- Norms are essential to the functioning and
existence of society; therefore, social interaction is
viewed through normative lenses from bilateral
relations to relations among national leaders.
⮚ Promulgating Recommendations
-The next step: formulating of a range of
possibilities (policies) about how governments and
their citizens and IGO’s can challenge behavior
⮚ Institutionalizing Ideas
-Institutions can facilitate problem solving even
though they do not possess any coercive power.

● HOW IDEAS AFFECT POLICY: 3 CAUSAL

PATHWAYS
1. By becoming roadmaps that actors in the right
direction
2. By affecting their choices of strategies when
there is no single equilibrium
3. By becoming embedded in institutions
● THE UN’s ROLE IN GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
-Identifying and diagnosing problems LESSON 5: GLOBALIZATION REGIONALIZATION
-Developing norms (principled ideas) AND THE ASEAN
-Formulating recommendations (operational 09/23/20
ideas) ● BASIC FEATURES OF “REGION”
⮚ First
The United Nations-the arena for state decision- -Regions are a group of countries located in the
making, the professional secretariats and civil same geographically specified area or are
society have filled these ideational functions for amalgamation of two regions or a combination of
more than two regions organized to regulate and
oversee flows and policy choices.
⮚ Second 1. To maintain and enhance peace, security and
-The words ”Regionalization” and “Regionalism” stability and further strengthen peace-oriented
should not be interchanged values in the region;
-Regionalization, Regional concentration of 2. To enhance regional resilience by promoting
economic flows greater political, security, economic and socio-
- Regionalism, A political process characterized by cultural cooperation;
economic policy cooperation and coordination 3. To preserve Southeast Asia as a Nuclear
among countries Weapon-Free Zone and free of all other weapons
● REGIONALISM of mass destruction;
-The body of ideas, values and objectives that 4. To ensure that the peoples and Member States
contribute to the creation, maintenance or of ASEAN live in peace with the world at large in a
modification of a particular region or type of world just, democratic and harmonious environment;
order. It is usually associated with a formal policy 8. To respond effectively, in accordance with the
and project and often leads to institution building. principle of comprehensive security, to all forms of
Ex. EU, ASEAN, AU threats, transnational crimes and transboundary
● WHY DO COUNTRIES FORM REGIONAL challenges;
ASSOCIATIONS?
-Military defense. i.e. NATO
To pool their resources, get better returns for their 5. To create a single market and production base
exports, as well as expand their leverage against which is stable, prosperous, highly competitive
trading partners. i.e. OPEC and economically integrated with effective
-To protect their independence from the pressure facilitation for trade and investment facilitated
of superpowers politics. i.e Non-Aligned movement of business persons, professionals,
Movement (NAM) talents and labour; and freer flow of capital;
-To insulate themselves from the ill-effects of 6. To alleviate poverty and narrow and
economic crisis. development gap with ASEAN through mutual
● NON-STATE REGIONALISM assistance and cooperation
⮚ New Regionalism 7. To strengthen democracy, enhance good
-Tiny associations that include no more than a few governance and the rule of law, and to promote
actors and focus on a single issue, or and protect human rights and fundamental
-Huge continental unions that address a multitude freedoms, with due regard to the rights and
of common problems from territorial defense to responsibility of the Member States of ASEAN;
food security.
● CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES TO
REGIONALIZATION 10. To develop human resources through closer
-Resurgence of militant nationalism cooperation in education and life-long
-Populism learning,and in science and technology, for the
-Continuing financial crises empowerment of the peoples of ASEAN and for
-Disagreements over to what extent should a the strengthening of the ASEAN Community
country would sacrifice their sovereignty for the 11. To enhance the well -being and livelihood of
sake of regional stability the people of ASEAN by providing them with
-Differing visions of what regionalism should be equitable access to opportunities for human
for. development, social welfare and justice;
● THE ASEAN 12. To strengthen cooperation in building a safe,
Association of South-East Asian Nations secure and drug-free environment for the peoples
-A geopolitical and economic organization of ten of ASEAN;
Southeast Asian countries
-Indonesia (1967) -Brunei (1984)
-Malaysia -Vietnam (1995) 13. To promote a people-oriented ASEAN in which
-Philippines -Laos (1997) all sectors of society are encouraged to participate
-SIngapore -Myanmar (1997) in, and benefit from, the process of ASEAN
-Thailand -Cambodia (1999) integration and community building;
LESSON 6: THE ASEAN CHARTER 14. To promote an ASEAN identify through the
09/30/20 fostering of greater awareness of the diverse
● PURPOSES culture and heritage of the region; and
15. To maintain the centrality and proactive role of
ASEAN as the primary driving force in its relations
and cooperation with its external partners in a
regional architecture that is open, Transparent and
inclusive.

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⮚ TOPIC
⮚ TOPPIC