Tai Lieu On Tap Mon Tieng Anh

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MÔN TIẾNG ANH
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Mục lục
I. Tóm tắt lý thuyết, bài tập và các đề ôn luyện:
1. Theories and exercises (Lí thuyết và bài tập) 3
A. PHONETICS (Ngữ âm) 3
SOUNDS 3
STRESS 5
B. GRAMMAR (Ngữ pháp) 6
1. Tenses 6
2. Verb forms 10
3. Passive voice 20
4. Relative clauses 22
5. Word forms 29
6. Tag questions 32
7. Subject and verb agreement 33
8. Result clauses 36
9. Phrases and clauses of purpose 37
10. WH questions 39
11. Reported speech 41
12. Enough/ Too ... to inf - Used to – be (get) used to 46
13. Phrasal verbs 51
14. Prepositions 53
15. Articles 59
16. Conjunctions 63
17. Conditional sentences 65
18. The comparison of adjectives and adverbs 68
2. Practice tests (các bài luyện tập tham khảo) 72
1. Practice test 1 72
Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC

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II. Đáp án (KEYS):

A. PHONETICS
KEY- SOUNDS
KEY- STRESS
B. GRAMMAR
1. Key-Tenses
2. Key-Verb forms
3. Key-Passive voice
4. Key-Relative clauses
5. Key-Word forms
6. Key-Tag questions
7. Key-Subject and verb agreement
8. Key-Result clauses
9. Key-Phrases and clauses of purpose
10. Key-WH questions
11. Key-Reported speech
12. Key-Enough/ Too ... to inf - Used to – be (get) used to
13. Key-Phrasal verbs
14. Key-Prepositions
15. Key-Articles
16. Key-Conjunctions
17. Key-Conditional sentences
18. Key-The comparison of adjectives and adverbs

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PART I: THEORIES AND EXERCISES

A. PHONETICS (NGỮ ÂM)
1. SOUNDS
CÁCH PHÁT ÂM "S" CUỐI : trong trường hợp danh từ số nhiều hoặc động từ số ít.
Khi đi sau các phụ âm điếc (voiceless consonants): /f/, /k/, /p/, /t/ ,//,/h/
/s/
Ex: laughs, walks, cups, cats, tenths; books...
Khi đi sau một phụ âm rít : /z/, /s/, /dz/, / t∫/, / ∫ /, /z/. Hoặc các chữ cái: s, x, z,
/ iz / ch, sh, ce, ge Ex: washes , kisses , oranges…..
/z / Không thuộc hai loại trên. Ex: bags , kids , days …
Ngọai lệ: bình thường chữ s phát âm /s/, nhưng có những ngoại lệ cần nhớ:
- Chữ s đọc /z / trong các từ :busy, please, easy, present, desire, music, pleasant, desert, choose, reason,
preserve, poison..
-Chữ s đọc /'∫/ trong các từ sugar,sure
Exercise
1. A. proofs B. books C. points D. days
2. A. asks B. breathes C. breaths D. hopes
3. A. sees B. sports C. pools D. trains
4. A. tombs B. lamps C. brakes D. invites
5. A. books B. floors C. combs D. drums
6. A. cats B. tapes C. rides D. cooks
7. A. walks B. begins C. helps D. cuts
8. A. shoots B. grounds C. concentrates D. forests
9. A. helps B. laughs C. cooks D. finds
10. A. hours B. fathers C. dreams D. thinks
11. A. beds B. doors C. plays D. students
12. A. arms B. suits C. chairs D. boards
13. A. boxes B. classes C. potatoes D. finishes
14. A. relieves B. invents C. buys D. deals
15. A. dreams B. heals C. kills D. tasks
16. A. resources B. stages C. preserves D. focuses
17. A. carriages B. whistles C. assures D. costumes
18. A. offers B. mounts C. pollens D. swords
19. A. miles B. words C. accidents D. names
20. A. sports B. households C. minds D. plays
CÁCH PHÁT ÂM “ –ED” CUỐI : Đây là hình thức Past tense và Past participle:
1. “-ed ” pronounced as / id /: sau / t, d / : Thường sau chữ t, d : .Ex: wanted; decided
2. “-ed ” pronounced as / t /: sau / k, f, p, s, ∫, t∫, h ,/ hoặc chữ p, k, f, th, s, sh, ch :
.Ex: asked; stopped; laughed...
3. “-ed ” pronounced as / d / : Trừ 2 trường hợp trên : .Ex: moved; played; raised
Ngọai lệ: Đuôi -ed trong các tính từ sau được phát âm /id/: aged, learned, beloved, blessed, naked,,...
Exercise
1. A. worked B. stopped C. forced D. wanted
2. A. kissed B. helped C. forced D. raised
3. A. confused B. faced C. cried D. defined
4. A. devoted B. suggested C. provided D. wished
5. A. catched B. crashed C. occupied D. coughed
6. A. agreed B. missed C. liked D. watched

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7. A. measured B. pleased C. distinguished D. managed

8. A. wounded B. routed C. wasted D. risked
9. A. imprisoned B. pointed C. shouted D. surrounded
10. A. a.failed B. reached C. absored D. solved
11. A. invited B. attended C. celebrated D. díplayed
12. A removed B. washed C. hoped D. missed
13. A. looked B. laughed C. moved D.stepped
14. A. wanted B.parked C. stopped D.watched
15. A. laughed B. passed C. suggested D. placed
16. A.believed B. prepared C. involved D. liked
17. A.lifted B. lasted C. happened D. decided
18. A. collected B. changed C. formed D. viewed
19. A. walked B. entertained C. reached D. looked
20. A.admired B. looked C. missed D. hoped
BÀI TẬP VỀ CÁC NGUYÊN ÂM VÀ CÁC PHỤ ÂM KHÁC :

1. A. heat B. scream C. meat D. dead
2. A. breakfast B. teacher C. east D. please
3. A. thrilling B. other C. through D. something
4. A. idea B. going C. will D. trip
5. A. face B. place C. prepared D. days
6. A. Germany B. garden C. gate D. gas
7. A. scholarship B. Christ C. school D. chicken
8. A. house B. harm C. hour D. husband
9. A. hundred B. exhausted C. however D. heat
10. A. head B. ready C. mean D. weather
11. A. choir B. cheap C. child D. chair
12. A. charge B. child C. teacher D. champagne
13. A. reason B. clear C. mean D. each
14. A. motion B. question C. mention D. fiction
15. A. gather B. good C. large D. again
16. A. change B. children C. machine D. church
17. A. write B. writer C. writing D. written
18. A. share B. rare C. are D. declare
19. A. apply B. university C. identity D. early
20. A. choice B. achieve C. each D. chemistry
2. STRESS - Một số quy tắc cơ bản để nhận biết trọng âm

1/ Trọng âm thường ít rơi vào các tiền tố (prefix) và hậu tố (suffix)
 Ex: dislike, unhappy, uncertain, disappointed, unashamed, forefather. ...
* Ngoại lệ: 'foresight , 'forecast , 'unkeep , 'upland , 'surname , 'subway ....
Dưới đây là vài hậu tố không thay đổi dấu nhấn của từ gốc
V + ment: ag'ree (thoả thuận) =>ag'reement V + al: ap'prove (chấp thuận) => ap'proval
V + ance: re'sist (chống cự) =>re'sistance (sự V + y: de'liver (giao hàng)=> de'livery (sự giao
chống cự) hàng).
V + er: em'ploy (thuê làm) => em'ployer (chủ V + age: pack (đóng gói) => 'package (bưu kiện)
lao động) V + ing: under'stand (hiểu) => under'standing
V + or: in'vent (phát minh) => in'ventor adj + ness: 'bitter (đắng) => 'bitterness (nỗi cay
V + ar: beg (van xin) => 'beggar (người ăn xin) đắng)

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2/ Nói chung, trọng âm thường rơi vào nguyên âm kép hoặc dài, ít rơi vào nguyên âm ngắn như /∂/
hay /i/
* Ex: a'bandon , 'pleasure , a'ttract , co'rrect , per'fect , in'side , 'sorry , 'rather , pro'duct ,
for'get , de'sign , en'joy
3/ Một từ hai vần vừa là động từ vừa là danh từ thì
Động từ : trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2.
Danh từ : trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ 1
Ex: 'rebell(n), re'bell(v), export, import, increase, object, perfect, permit, present, produce, record,
refuse...
* Ngoại lệ : 'promise (n), (v)...
4/ Trọng âm thường rơi vào trước các hậu tố (suffixes) sau đây một vần : -ION, -IC, -IAL , -ICAL,
-UAL, -ITY, -IA, -LOGY, -IAN, -IOUS, -EOUS , -IENCE, -IENT, -GRAPHY , -NOMY , -METRY
Ex: 'vision, uni'versity, phy'sician, li'brarian, Ca'nadian, Au'stralian, ex'perience, im'patience,
edu'cation, a'bility, elec'tricity, bi'ology, psy'chology, Au'stralia, 'Austria, 'Asia, ge'ography,
pho'tography, e'ssential, ha'bitual, me'chanical, mathe'matical, po'litical, de'licious, pho'netics,
scien'tific, ge'ometry, a'stronomy...
Ngoại Trừ (exceptions): 'lunatic, a'rithmetic, 'politics, 'Arabic, 'television...
5) Trọng âm rơi vào các vần cuối sau đây: -ADE, -OO, -OON, -EE, -EEN, -EER, -ESE, -AIRE,
-SELF, -ETTE, -ESQUE . Ex: bamboo, millionaire, engineer, themselves, saloon, balloon, thirteen,
Vietnamese, employee, agree, picturesque, Cartoon, guarantee, kangaroo, typhoon...
*Ngoại lệ : 'centigrade , 'coffee , co'mmittee , 'cukoo , 'teaspoon…
Exercise
1. a. pollute b. contractual c. reject d. marvellous
2. a. mechanic b. military c. apologize d. miraculous
3. a. compulsory b. intensity c. kidding d. invaluable
4. a. nursery b. focus c. delicate d. secure
5. a. curriculum b. kindergarten c. contaminate d.conventional
6. A. apology B. industrial C. industry D. disaster.
7. A. interview B. certificate C.applicant D. primary
8. A. certificate B. apartment C. individual D. biology
9. A. scientific B. availlable C. suspicious D. supportive
10. A. especially B. comfortably C. carefully D. possibly
11. A. importance B. subtraction C. algebra D. example
12. A. aspect B. careful C. require D. successful
13. A. terrific B. applicant C. banking D. ignorant
14. A. recognize B. challenge C. symbolize D. Continue
15. A. continent B. belong C. master D. access
16. A. appalling B. ashamed C. November D. architect
17. A. policeman B. cinema C. overcoat D. politics
18. A. competition B. intelligent C. automation D. information
19. A. accountant B. Arabic C. Germany D. chemistry
20. A. attention B. interesting C. influence D. television

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B. GRAMMAR
1. Tenses
1. The Simple Present (Thì hiện tại đơn)
a. Form : ( Công thức )
- Khẳng định : I , We , You , They … ( S nhiều ) + V1
He , She , It ( S ít ) + V- s / es
- Phủ định : I , We , You , They .. + don't + Vo
He , She , It … + doesn't + Vo
- Nghi vấn : Do + We , You , They .. + Vo … ?
Does + He , She , It … + Vo … ?
b. Usage (Cách dùng ) :
- Diễn tả một chân lí, một sự thật hiển nhiên.
Ex : The Earth goes round the sun . - He is a doctor.
- Tom comes from England.
- Diễn tả 1 thói quen hoặc 1 việc xảy ra thường xuyên ở hiện tại ( always, often, usually, sometimes,
now and then, seldom, rarely, never, every ..... ) dùng để nhận biết.
Ex : He often goes to class late . / My mother gets up early every morning .
Note : Thêm – es vào sau những động từ tận cùng : o , s , x ,z ,sh , ch.
2 . The Present Continuous (Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn)
a. Form : - Khẳng định : S + am / is / are + V –ing
- Phủ định : S + am / is / are ( not ) + V -ing
- Nghi vấn : Are / Is + S + V-ing …. ?
Ex: We are studying English now .
b. Usage ( Cách dùng) :
- Diễn tả một hành động đang tiếp diễn ở thời điểm nói ( ở hiện tại)
* Dấu hiệu nhận biết : now , right now = at once , at ( the / this / present ) time, at the moment,
Ra lệnh ( Look ! Listen ! ) Ex : - She is listening to his teacher now
- Diễn tả 1 hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai ( có kế hoạch từ trước)
Ex : She is getting married next year.
Note :* Be going to +Vo dùng để diễn tả 1 hành động sắp xảy ra mà hiện tượng của nó đã xuất hiện
hoặc 1 hành động tương lai có dự định trước.
Ex: The grey dark appears. It is going to rain.
3 . The Present Perfect (Thì hiện tại hòan thành)
a. Form : - Khẳng định : S + has / have + V3 , ed
- Phủ định : S + has / have ( not ) V3 , ed
- Nghi vấn : Has / Have + S + V3 , ed?
b. Usage (Cách dùng ) :
* Diễn tả một hành động vừa mới xảy ra hoặc xảy ra không rõ thời gian (thường đi kèm với các từ just ,
recently = lately, not .. yet, ever, never, aleady )
Ex : We haven’t finished our homework yet .
* Diễn tả 1 hành động bắt đầu từ quá khứ kéo dài đến hiện tại có khả năng tiếp tục ở tương lai (thường đi
với các từ since , for)
Ex : - They have lived here for ten years .
* Ngòai ra còn có một số cụm từ chỉ thời gian như : so far = until now = up to now ,how long .. ?
It is the first / second / third … time, twice / many / three…. times.
Note : For ( many, several, 2, 3 / . + times, years, months or a long time = ages ) # since ( last
week .. )
4. The Simple Past (Thì quá khứ đơn )
a. Form : - Khẳng định : S + V2, ed … ( To be : was / were )

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- Phủ định : S + did not Vo ….

- Nghi vấn : Did + S + Vo ….. ?
b. Usage : Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra, chấm dứt trong quá khứ ( đôi khi biết rõ thời gian )
thường có các từ đi kèm : yesterday ,ago , last ( week /night … ) , in 1990 ( thời gian ở quá khứ )
5 . The Past Continuous (Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn )
a. Form : S + was / were + V - ing
Ex: We were studying Maths at this time yesterday.
b. Usage :
- Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra vào 1 thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ .
Ex : - What were you doing at 4 p.m yesterday?
- Diễn tả 1 hành động đang xảy ra vào 1 thời điểm xác định ở quá khứ hoặc 1 hành động đang xảy
ra ( hành động này kéo dài hơn ) thì có hành động khác xen vào .
Ex: a. What were you doing at 4 p.m yesterday?
b. We were watching television when he came
- Diễn tả 2 hành động đang xảy ra cùng lúc ở quá khứ .
Ex: Yesterday , while I was reading a book , my sister was watching T.V .
* Dấu hiệu nhận biết : at ( the / this / that ) time, at the moment, at 4p.m + thời gian ở quá khứ
( yesterday, last .. )
Ex : He was watching film at the moment yesterday.
6 . The Past perfect (Thì quá khứ hòan thành )
a. Form : S + had V3 , ed
b. Usage : Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước 1 hành động khác trong quá khứ hoặc trước 1 thời
điểm ở quá khứ .
Ex : When I got up this morning , my mother had already left .
* Dấu hiệu nhận biết : before , after
7 . The simple future : (Thì tương lai đơn )
a. Form : S + shall / will Vo
b. Usage : Diễn tả hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai : tomorrow , next ( week / month ) … , in 2010
8. The Perfect Future : ( Tương lai hòan thành )
Form S + will have V 3,ed
Dấu hiệu nhận biết : By the end of ….
Ex : By the end of this year, I will have had a new bike.
Note : Sau when , while , before , after , until, by the time, as , as soon as, if ………. không dùng thì
tương lai mà chỉ dùng thì hiện tại đơn .
Ex : She will phone her parents when she comes here next week.
EXERCISES: I. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.

1. She (not work)…………………., she (swim) ……………….in the river.
2. Why Ann (not wear) ………………..her new dress?
3. You can't see Tom now: he (have) ………………..a bath.
4. He usually (drink) ………. coffee but today he (drink) ……………..tea.
5. – What she (do) …………..in the evenings?
– She usually (play) ……………cards or (watch)……………… TV.
6. She (stand) …..at the bus stop. I asked her what bus she (wait) ……. for.
7. When I arrived , the lecture had already started and the professor (write) ……………. on the overhead
projector.
8. I didn't want to meet Paul , so when he entered the room I (leave) ……….
9. He (watch) ……………… TV when the phone rang. Very unwillingly he (turn) ………….. down
the sound and (go) ……………… to answer it.
10. – This is my house.

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– How long you (live)…………………… here?

– I (live) …………………here since 1970.
11. He (live) ……. in London for two years and then (go) …. to Edinburgh.
12. I (not see) ………………… him for three years. I wonder where he is.
13. I can't go out because I (not finish) ……………… my work.
14. Here are your shoes; I just (clean) ……………………. them.
15. You (have) ……. breakfast yet? – Yes, I (have) …………… it at 8.00.
16. – You (be) ……………… here before?
– Yes, I (spend) ……………. my holidays here last year.
– You (have) …………………. a good time?
– No, it never (stop) …………………. raining.
17. – Where you (go) …… for your holidays this year? – I (go)… to Holland.
18. They (get) ………………… married next week.
19. – You (do) …. anything tonight? – Yes, I (go) … to my carpentry class.
20. It (rain)…………………... Look at those clouds.
21. You (have) …………………. time to help me tomorrow?
22. – Did you remember to book seats? – Oh no, I forgot. I (telephone) ……………. for them now.
23. – He has just been taken to hospital with a broken leg.
– I'm sorry to hear that. I (send) ……………… him some grapes.
24. I've hired a typewriter and I (learn) …………………. to type.
25. I see that you have got a loom. You (do) ………….. some weaving?
II. Multiple choices
1. She................Hanoi last year
A. went B. go C. goes D. is going
2. Now you ..................from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours
A. are flying B. would fly C. will fly D. can fly
3. When Carol....................last night, I................my favorite show on television
A. was calling- watched B. called- have watched
C. called- was watching D. had called- watched
4. By the time next summer, you....................your studies
A. completes B. will complete
C. are completing D. will have completed
5. Right now, Jim.................the newspaper and Kathy...............dinner
A. reads- has cooked B. is reading- is cooking
C. has read- was cooking D. read- will be cooking
6. Last night at this time, they.....................the same thing. She.............and he..........the newspaper
A. are doing- is cooking- is reading B. were doing- was cooking- was reading
C. was doing- has cooked- is reading D. had done- was cooking- read
7. – Hurry up! We’re waiting for you. What’s taking you so long? – I …………….. for an important
phone call. Go ahead and leave without me.
a. wait b. will wait c. am waiting d. have waited
8. – Robert is going to be famous someday. He ……………. in three movies already. – I’m sure he’ll be
a star.
a. has been appearing b. has appeared c. had appeared d. appeared
9. – Hello? Alice? This is Jeff. How are you? – Jeff? What a coincidence! I ………….. about you when
the phone rang.
a. was just thinking b. just thought
c. have just been thinking d. was just thought
10. – What …….. about the new simplified tax law? – It’s more confusing than the old one.
a. are you thinking b. do you think

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c. have you thought d. have you been thinking

11. – Why did you buy all this sugar and chocolate?
– I ……………. a delicious dessert for dinner tonight.
a. make b. will make c. am going to make d. will have made
12. – Let’s go! What’s taking you so long? – I’ll be there as soon as I …… my keys.
a. found b. will find c. find d. am finding
13. While I ………………. TV last night, a mouse ran across the floor.
a. watch b. watched c. was watching d. am watching
14. The earth ……………… on the sun for its heat and light.
a. is depend b. depending c. has depend d. depends
15. I don’t feel good. I ……………… home from work tomorrow.
a. am staying b. stay c. will have stayed d. stayed
16. I’ve been in this city for a long time. I …………….. here sixteen years ago.
a. have come b. was coming c. came d. had come
17. – May I speak to Dr. Paine, please?
– I’m sorry, he ………….. a patient at the moment. Can I help you?
a. is seeing b. sees c. has been seeing d. was seeing
18. – Paul, could you please turn off the stove? The potatoes …….. for at least 30 minutes.
a. are boiling b. have been boiling c. boiling d. were boiling
19. My family loves this house. It …………….the family home ever since my grandfather built it 60
years ago.
a. was b. has been c. is d. will be
20. I know you feel bad now, Tommy, but try to put it out of your mind. By the time you’re an adult, you
……………….. all about it.
a. forget b. will have forgotten c. will forget d. forgot
21. The little girl started to cry. She ……….. her doll, and no one was able to find it for her.
a. has lost b. had lost c. was losing d. was lost
22. I..................much of you lately. We..........................three months ago
A. haven’t seen- last meet B. didn’t see- met
C. haven’t seen- have meet D. didn’t see- have met
23. The Chinese................spaghetti dishes for a long time before Marco Polo................back to Italy
A. made- brought B. have made- brought
C. made- had brought D. had been making- brought
24. When I arrived at the meeting the first speaker.................speaking and the audience...................
A. just finished- were clapping B. had just finished- had clapped
C. had just finished- were clapping D. just finished- had clapped
25. He.............................his job last month and then he..................out of work
A. lost- was B. was lost- had been
C. has lost- was D. lost- has been
26. Jane’s eyes burned and her shoulders ached. She ……………. at the computer for five straight hours.
Finally, she took a break.
a. is sitting b. has been sitting c. was sitting d. had been sitting
27. In the last hundred years, travelling.......................much easier and more comfortable
A. become B. has become C. became D. will became
28. In the 19th century, it.............two or three months to across North America by covered wagon
A. took B. had taken C. had been taken D. was taking
29. Sam..............to change a light bulb when he................and.........................
A. was trying -slipped- fell B. tried- was slipping- falling
C. had been trying- slipped- was falling D. has tried- slips- falls
30. In the past, the trip...................very rough and often dangerous, but things..........a great deal in the last

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hundred and fifty years

A. was- have changed B. is- change
C. had been- will change D. has been- changed
2. Verb forms
 Để dễ nhớ, ta chia hình thức động từ loại động từ :

+ Bare infinitive(động từ nguyên mẫu không To) ---->Vo
+ To infinitive (động từ nguyên mẫu có To) ----> V1
+ Simple past( qúa khứ đơn) Vo-ED/ V2 ----> V2
+ Past participle: qúa khứ phân từ : V3/ Vo-ED ---> V3
+ Present participle Hiện tại phân tư :Vo+ing ---> V4
( chức năng như tính từ hay dùng trong thì tiếp diễn)
+ Gerund Danh động từ:(Vo+ing)
(chức năng như danh từ hoặc động từ)----> V4
* Động từ chia theo ý nghĩa có động từ đặc biệt và động từ thường, chia theo dạng có 3 dạng
chính như sau:
Bare infinitive (V0)
Infinitive :
To infinitive (V1)
Gerund (V0 + ing )
Past Participle  Vo ed/V3 ( V3 )
Participle :
Present Participle - Vo + ing(V4 )
I. Bare infinitive : (bare) động từ nguyên mẫu khơng to
1. Sau modal verb ( động từ khiếm khuyết )

2. Sau auxilary verb : do, does, did.
3. Sau make, let, help ( sau help có thể có To inf ).
Passive voice  dùng to inf theo sau. Trừ let
4. Sau động từ chỉ giác quan:(verbs of perception ) : see, hear, smell, feel, taste, watch, notice …
Vo ( bare )  hành động đã xong
S + V + object
Vo ( ing )  hành động đang diễn ra
5. Sau had better ( tốt hơn ) would rather ( thà thì hơn ), had sooner.
6. Sau thành ngữ : to do nothing but + Vo ( bare ) : không làm gì cả mà chỉ.
Can not but + Vo(bare): không còn cách nào khác.
7. Causative form (Thể sai khiến):
S + have + object ( chỉ người ) + Vo (bare).
8. Simple present tense : I, you, we, they +Vo (bare).
9. Bắt đầu câu mệnh lệnh: ( imprative )
II. To infinitive (V1) động từ nguyên mẫu có To)

1. Làm subject  V(sing) (review formal subject)
2. Làm object of verb : S + V + to inf (as an object )
3. Làm bổ ngữ cho tân ngữ ( object complement ) ;
S + V + obj + to infinitive
4. Làm adjective  rút gọn adjective clause ( relative clause ) đứng sau danh từ  review how
to reduce relative clause.

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5. Làm adverb  rút gọn : adverbbial clause of result : đứng sau adj
Rút gọn: adverbial clause of purpose: chỉ mục đích
5a. Rút gọn clause of result theo công thức sau ( phrase of result )
S + V + too adj/adv ( for object )+ to inf
S + V + adj/adv enough (for object )+to inf
5b. Rút gọn : clause of purpose theo mẫu sau ( phrase of purpose )
to inf
S+V+ in order for object to inf
so as to inf
6. It + take+ (object) + time + to inf
7. Causative form: S+ get + object ( chỉ người ) + to inf
8. Sau một số động từ sau đây:
8.a Những động từ sau đây, theo sau là to infinitive : S + V + to inf

1. afford : cung cấp đủ 21. manage : xoay xở
2. agree : đồng ý 22. mean : muốn
3. appear : có vẻ 23. need : cần ( chủ động, người )
4. arrange : sắp xếp 24. offer : mời
5. ask : hỏi 25. plan : dự định, kế hoạch
6. attempt : cố gắng 26. prepare : chuẩn bị
7. beg : đề nghị, xin 27. pretend : giả vờ
8. care : quan tâm 28. promise : hứa
9. claim : cho là, tuyên bố 29. refuse : từ chối
10. consent : đồng ý, tán thành 30. regret : tiếc ( tương lai )
11. decide : quyết định 31. remember : nhớ (tương lai )
12. demand : yêu cầu 32. seem : dường như
13. deserve : xứng đáng 33. struggle : đấu tranh, cố gắng
14. expect : trông đợi 34. swear : thề
15. dare : dám 35. threaten : dọa
16. fail : thất bại 36. tend : có khuynh hướng
17. forget : quên ( tương lai ) 37. volunteer : tình nguyện, xung phong
18. hesitate : ngập ngừng 38. wait : đợi
19. hope : hy vọng 39. want : muốn ( chủ động )
20. learn : học 40. wish : ao ước
8.b Những động từ sau đây, theo sau là Obj + to inf: S + V + objective + to inf
1. advise : khuyên 23. require : yêu cầu

2. allow: cho phép 24. recommend : khuyên
3. ask : hỏi, đòi hỏi 25. teach : dạy
4. beg : năn nỉ, xin 26. tell : bảo
5. cause : gây ra 27. urge : thúc giục, thuyết phục
6. challenge : thách thức, thách đố 28. want : muốn
7. convince : thuyết phục 29. warn : cảnh báo
8. dare : dám 30. help : giúp đỡ
9. encourage :khuyến khích 31. would like : thích
10. expect : trông đợi 32. would prefer : thích
11. forbid : cấm 33. appoint : chỉ định ai làm gì
12. force : bắt buộc 34. charge : giao nhiệm vụ

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13. hire : thuê, mướn 35. choose : lựa chọn

14. instruct : chỉ dẫn 36. compel : cưỡng bách
15. invite : mời 37. defy : thách
16. need : cần 38. desire : ao ước, thèm thuồng
17. tempt : cám dỗ 39. direct : hướng dẫn, chỉ huy
18. intend : dự định 40. implore : yêu cầu
19. order : ra lệnh 41. provoke : xúi giục
20. permit : cho phép 42. Teach, explain, know, understand, discover,
21. persuade : thuyết phục consider, think, believe + how + to inf :Chỉ cách
22. remind : nhắc lại thức
III. Gerund : Danh động từ

A. Gerund as a noun ( subj , obj, complement & appositive)
1. Làm chủ ngữ  V(sing)  ( real subject & informal subject ).

2. Làm tân ngữ
Object of verb : S + V + V- ing ( gerund ).
Object of preposition  sau preposition + V-ing.
3. Làm subject complement:
Ex: My hobby is swimming ( gerund )
4. Làm appositive (ngữ đồng vị )
Ex: My hobby, swimming makes me healthy.
5. Đứng sau thành ngữ : it is no use, it is no good :
there is no use, there is no good: vô ích
can’t stand / bear / help : không thể chịu được
6. Sau hai tính từ : busy, worth
7. Thành lập noun compound ( danh từ kép )
N + gerund child bearing
Gerund + N  flying machine
B. Gerund as a verb : có object hoặc được bổ nghĩa bởi một trạng từ

1. admit : thừa nhận 26. hate : ghét
2. advise : khuyên ( không object ) 27. mention : nhắc tới, nghĩ tới
3. anticipate : tham gia 28. mind : phiền
4. appreciate : đánh giá cao 29. miss : nhớ, lỡ, mất
5. avoid : tránh 30. postpone : đình, hõan.
6. complete : hòan thành 31. prevent : ngăn cản
7. consider : xem xét 32. practise : luyện tập
8. delay : trì hõan 33. recall : gợi lại, nhớ lại.
9. dread : sợ 34. recollect : gợi lại.
10. detest : ghét 35. recommend : khuyên, dặn dò.
11. discuss : thảo luận 36. regret : tiếc nuối ( quá khứ )
12. dislike : không thích 37. remember : nhớ ( qúa khứ )
13. deny : từ chối 38. resent : tức giận, phật ý.
14. enjoy : thưởng thức 39. resist : cưỡng lại, phản kháng.
15. excuse : xin lỗi 40. risk : liều lĩnh.
16. finish : hoàn thành 41. stop : ngừng, từ bỏ.
17. forget : quên ( qúa khứ ) 42. start : ( hoặc To inf )
18. forgive : tha thứ 43. suggest : đề nghị

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19. fancy : tưởng tượng 44. tolerate : bỏ qua

20. imagine : tưởng tượng 45. understand : hiểu
21. involve : làm liên lụy 46. restrict : hạn chế, giảm bớt, ngăn ngừa.
22. include : bao gồm * can’t bear, can’t stand, can’t help
23. keep : tiếp tục * it is no use, it is no good, there is no use .
24. love : ( hoặc To inf) * look forward to
25. like : thích * busy, worth
IV. Past participle : quá khứ phân từ – VoED/V3

1. Thêm trợ từ have+Vo-ED/V3 ( past participle ) perfect tense
2.Thêm trợ từ Be +VoED/V3(past participle) passive voice
3. Làm chức năng như adjective  passive meaning  cĩ thể rút gọn mệnh đề tính từ
( adjective clause or relative clause )
+ Có thể rút gọn mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian.
+ Có thể rút gọn câu khi một chủ ngữ thực hiện hai hành động.
4. Thành lập adjective compound: tính từ kép
N  man – made
Adj + V ( PP – VoED/V3 )  new – born
Adv  well – known
6. Thêm “the” để thành lập danh từ tập hợp  V(plural )
educated(adj) the educated:những người có giáo dục.
7. Thành lập causative form : thể truyền khuyến
S +have/get +object (chỉ vật)+ V ( PP – Vo ED/V3 )
V. Present participle ( Vo + ing) hiện tại phân từ.

1. Thêm trợ từ Be + Vo-ing để thành lập thì continuous tense.
2. Làm tính từ ® mang nghĩa chủ động ( active meaning )
® có thể rút gọn mệnh đề tính từ ( adjective clause or relative clause )
® có thể rút gọn mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian, nhượng bộ, lý do và điều kiện .
® một chủ ngữ thực hiện 2 hành động có thể dùng present participle để rút gọn.
3. Thêm mạo từ “the” để thành lập danh từ tập hợp :
Ex: to live ® the living : những người đang sống.
4. Thành lập tính từ kép ( adjective compound ).
N ® peace – loving
Adj Vo + ing ® good – loking
Adv ® hard - working
VI. Vo + ing or to infinitive
1. Recommend, begin, start, continue + To inf /Vo – ing
2. Forget, remember, regret: +to inf ® chỉ tương lai
+Vo – ing ® chỉ quá khứ

3. Stop to infinitive ® ngừng việc đang làm để làm việc khác.
Vo – ing : ® ngừng việc đang làm
4. Try to infinitive : cố gắng

Vo – ing : thử
5. Need, want, require
To inf : mang nghĩa chủ động
Vo+ ing : mang nghĩa bị động (need: tobe + V (PP)

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6. Would you mind + Vo- ing?

Would you mind if + S + past Subjunctive …?
7. Advise, allow, permit obj + to infi
 + Vo- ing
8. Prefer: + V-ing to V-ing:thích cái gì hơn cái gì
+ to infinitive: thích cái gì đó
9. Feel like + Vo ing: thích cái gì đó
EXERCISES:
I. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form (gerund , infinitive, participle).
1. I caught him (climb) _____ over my wall. I asked him (explain) _____ but he refused (say) _____
anything, so in the end I had (let) _____ him (go) _____.
2. When at last I succeeded in (convince) _____ him that I wanted (get) _____ home quickly he put his
foot on the accelerator and I felt the car (leap) _____ forward.
3. I'm not used to (drive) _____on the left.
When you see everyone else (do)____ it you'll find it quite easy (do) _____yourself.
4. It is pleasant (sit) _____by the fire at night and (hear) _____the wind (howl) _____outside.
5. There was no way of (get) _____out of the building except by (climb) _____down a rope and Ann
was too terrified (do) _____this.
6. We heard the engines (roar) _____as the plane began (move) _____ and we saw the people on the
ground (wave) _____good-bye.
7. It's no good (write) _____ to him; he never answers letters. The only thing (do) _____ is (go)_____
and (see) _____him.
8. Why did you go all round the field instead of (walk) _____ across it?
I didn't like (cross) _____it because of the bull. I never see a bull without (think) _____that it wants
(chase) _____ me.
9. The people in the flat below seem (be) _____ having a party. You can hear the champagne corks
(thud)_____ against their ceiling.
10. I don't like (get) _____bills but when I do get them I like (pay) _____them promptly.
11. Ask him (come) _____in. Don't keep him (stand) _____at the door.
12. The boys next door used (like) _____(make) _____ and (fly) _____ model aero planes, but they
seem to have stopped (do) _____ that now.
13. I knew I wasn't the first (arrive)_____, for I saw smoke (rise) _____from the chimney.
14. We watched the men (saw) _____the tree and as we were walking away heard it (fall) _____with a
tremendous crash.
15. I hate (see) _____a child (cry) _____.
16. We watched the children (jump) _____from a window and (fall) _____into a blanket held by the
people below.
17. It is very unpleasant (wake) _____ up and (hear) _____ the rain (beat) _____on the windows.
18. He saw the lorry (begin) _____ (roll) _____ forwards but he was too far away (do) _____ anything
(stop) _____it.
19. There are people who can't help (laugh) _____when they see someone (slip) _____on a banana skin.
20. I prefer (drive) _____ to (be driven) _____.
1. All the passengers were made ________ their seat belts during the turbulence.
a. buckle b. to buckle c. buckling d. for buckling.
2. ________ good ice cream, you need to use a lot of cream.
a. Make b. Making c. To make d. For make

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3. I got my friend ________ her car for the weekend.

a. to let me to borrow b. to let me borrow
c. let me borrow d. let me to borrow
4. How can you let such a silly incident ________ your friendship?
a. wreck b. to wreck c. wrecking d. that wrecks
5. ‘How about going to the theater?' 'OK,' but I would rather ______ a concert.'
a. attend b. to attend c. attending d. have attended
6. The skiers would rather ________ through the mountains than go by bus.
a. to travel on train b. traveled by train
c. travel by train d. traveling by the train
7. If we leave now for our trip, we can drive half the distance before we stop ___ lunch.
a. having b. to have c. having had d. for having
8. The examiner made us ___ our identification in order to be admitted to the test center.
a. show b. showing c. to show d. showed
9. As we entered the room, we saw a rat ________ towards a hole in the skirting board.
a. scamper b. to scamper c. scampering d. was scampering
10. I remember ________ to Paris when I was a very small child.
a. to be taken b. to take c. being taken d. taking
11. My parents wouldn't _______ to the party.
a. allow me go b. allow me to go c. allow me going d. allow to go
12. We are going to have my house _______ tomorrow morning.
a. paint b. painting c. painted d. to be painted
13. We hope that the students themselves will enjoy ______ part in the projects.
a. to take b. taking c. to be taken d. being taken
14. Sally's low test scores kept her from _______ to the university.
a. admitting b. to admit c. to be admitted d. being admitted
15. Are you sure you told me about the party? I don't recall _______ about it.
a. having told b. to have told c. having been told d. to have been told
16. I meant to get up early but I forgot _______ up my alarm clock.
a. wind b. to wind c. wind d. wound
17. Look at the state of the gate. It needs ________ as soon as possible.
a. to repair b. repairing c. being repaired d. be repaired
18. Alice didn't expect ________ to Bill's party.
a. asking b. being asked c. to ask d. to be asked
19. We asked ________ the piano so early in the morning, but she won't.
a. Marie to stop playing b. Marie stop to play
c. that Marie stops playing d. Marie to stop to play
20. A good teacher makes her students ________ the world from new perspectives.
a. to view b. view c. to be viewed d. viewing
3. Passive voice
I. Form:
Active: S + V + O + …….
Passive: S + be + V3/ed + (by O) + ……
Ex: Active: She arranges the books on the shelves every weekend.
S V O
Passive: The books are arranged on the shelves (by her) every weekend.
S be V3/ed by O

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II. CÁCH ĐỔI ACTIVE VOICE SANG PASSIVE VOICE
Ex: Active sentence: Peter took this book yesterday

Passive sentence: This book was taken by Peter yesterday
Trong câu chủ động:
- Peter → Subj ; took → động từ chính (Past simple)
- this book → Obj; yesterday → trạng từ chỉ thời gian
Trong câu bi động:
- Obj ( this book) → Subj ; Subj ( Peter) →by Obj
- took (động từ chính) → taken (V3 / VoED - Past participle)
- thêm was vì động từ chính (took) đang chia thì Past simple
A. Tổng quát:
Active sentence: Subj + V + Obj
Passive sentence: Subj + BE + V3 / VoED(động từ chính) + by Obj
1- Chuyển: Obj ---> Subj; Subj ----> by Obj (Có thể bỏ nếu by Obj không cần thiết)
2-Thêm BE và chia thì tương ứng với thì câu chủ động.
Nghĩa là: Động từ chính của câu chủ động ở thì nào thì “ To Be” phải chia ở thì đó). Như vậy: trong
câu bị động “ To Be” có vai trò chia thì, Động từ chính có chức năng như một tính từ mang nghĩa bị
động (không chia thì)
3- Chuyển động từ chính sang ---> V3 hoặc Vo ED.
B. Cụ thể như sau:
1. Xác định Subj, Obj, Verb của câu chủ động (trong động từ phải xác định cho được thì và động từ
chính của câu chủ động)
2. Chuyển: Obj ---> Subj; Subj ----> by Obj (Có thể bỏ by him/them/me/you/people/ someone : nếu
không cần thiết).
- Nếu Subj của câu chủ động là danh từ chỉ vật liệu, dụng cụ ---> câu bị động thay by bằng with + Obj.
Ex: Moss is covering this wall ---> This wall is being covered with moss
- Nếu Subj của câu chủ động là: nothing, no one, nobody ---> câu bị động bỏ by Obj và ở thể phủ
định.
Ex: No one helps me ---> I am not helped.
3. Chuyển động từ chính sang ---> V3 hoặc Vo ED.
(Động từ chính có chức năng như một tính từ mang nghĩa bị động-không chia thì)
4. Thêm BE và chia tương ứng với thì của câu chủ động (Động từ chính của câu chủ động ở thì nào thì
To be phải chia ở thì đó )
5. Giữ lại động từ khiếm khuyết (Modal verb) trong câu bị động nếu có.
Will/ would, shall/ should, can/ could, may/might must, have to, be going to, used to, ...
Active: S+ will/would, shall/ should...+ Vo + object
→Passive: S + will/would, shall/should... + be + V3 / Vo ED (+ by object).
Ex: Police will destroy these drugs. → These drugs will be destroyed by police.
6. Đặt trạng từ chỉ thể cách (adj + ly) trước Past Participle (V3 / Vo ED) nếu có.
Ex: People use English widely → English is widely used
7. Giữ nguyên giới từ sau Past Participle (V3 / Vo ED) nếu có.
8. Đặt trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn trước BY, trạng từ chỉ thời gian sau BY nếu có. Place + by Obj + Time

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Ex: Mr Pike built this school in my village last year.

→ This school was built in my village by Mr Pike last year
9. Past Participle (V3 / Vo ED) as an Adjective, do đó động từ theo sau hầu hết là To infinitive.
Ex: She makes me cry. → I am made to cry.
III. NHỮNG TRƯỜNG HỢP PASSIVE VOICE ĐẶC BIỆT

1-Causative form(thể truyền khuyến):
a/Active voice: -S + Have + Obj(chỉ người) + Vo.
Ex: I have him repair my bicycle.
-S + Get + Obj (chỉ người) + to infi.
Ex: I get him to repair my bicycle.
b/Passive voice: -S + Have/Get + Obj (chỉ vật) + V3 / Vo ED.
Ex: I have/get my bicycle repaired by him.
2. Sau những động từ chỉ ý kiến (verb of opinion): say, think , believe, report, rumour, know, consider,
claim
Active: S1+ verb1 ( say/ believe/ think....) (that) +S2+ verb2...
Passive:
Cách 1: It + be + V3 / Vo ED (verb1) + S2 + verb 2 ....
Cách 2: S2 + be + V3 / Vo ED (verb1) + to-infinitive (verb 2) /
+ to have + V3 / Vo ED (verb 2) nếu V1 khác thì V2
Ex: People say that he was crazy.
→ Cách 1: It is said that he was crazy or
→ Cách 2: He is said to have been crazy.( to have been vì say và was khác thì) .
Ex: People say that money brings happiness
→ Cách 1: It is said that money brings happiness
→ Cách 2: Money is said to bring happiness.( Dùng to bring vì say và bring cùng thì)
3. Sau những động từ chỉ giác quan(verb of perception): see, hear, smell, feel, taste, watch, notice, make,
help, bid.
Ex: I hear him come in ---> He is heard to come in (nếu câu chủ động là coming thì giữ nguyên trong
câu bị động).
4. Imperative(câu mệnh lệnh):

Ex: a. Open the door ---> Let the door be opened.
b. They let him go out ---> He was allowed to go out / He was let to go out.
5. Sau những động từ: like, hate, love, want, wish, prefer, hope.
Ex: He wants KHA to take photographs→ He wants photographs to be taken by KHA.
Ex: He does not like people laughing at him. --> He does not like being laughed at.
6. Các động từ: advise, agree, insist, arrange, suggest, propose, recommend, determine, decide, demand,
beg, urge, order, request.
Ex: He advised me to accept this job
→ Cách 1: He advised me this job should be accepted.
→ Cách 2: I was advised to accept this job.
7- Need + to be + V3 / Vo ED = Need + Voing

Ex: Your shirt needs to be ironed / Your shirt needs ironing.
8- It + be + adjective + to-infinitive + sth
Passive: It + be + adjective + for sth + to be + V3 / Vo ED

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Ex: - It is important to finish this exercise.

=>It is important for this exercise to be finished
- It is necessary to copy this lesson
=> It is necessary for this lesson to be copied.
- It is time to feed the chicken => It is time for the chicken to be fed.
9- Các trường hợp khác:
Ex Please enter this way. ---> You are requested to enter this way.
Dưới đây là vài ví dụ về cách thêm BE và chia tương ứng với thì của câu chủ động
a.The simple present: S + Vo/Ve/es → S + am/is/are/ +V3 / Vo ED...
Ex: She cleans the floor everyday. → Passive: The floor is cleaned everyday.
b.The present continuous: S + am/ is/ are + Vo + ing
→ S + am/ is/ are + being + V3 / Vo ED...
Ex: Mr.Baker is repairing the car →Passive: the car is being repaired by Mr Baker.
c.The present perfect: S+ has/have + V3 / Vo ED
→ S+ has/have + been + V3 / Vo ED
Ex: Someone has stolen the bicycles → Passive: The bicycles have been stolen
d.The simple past: S + Vo ED/ V2 → S + was/ were + V3 / Vo ED.
Ex: Where did they find the drugs ? ( S + V2/ V-ed)
→Passive: Where were the drugs found ?
e.The past continuous: (S + was/ were + V-ing .... )
→ S + was / were + being + V3 / Vo ED
Ex: They were preparing lunch when I came there yesterday
→ Lunch was being prepared when I came there yesterday.
f. The past perfect: S+ had + V3 / Vo ED → S+ had been + V3 / Vo ED
Ex: She had written almost ten pages by 3:00 pm.
→ Almost ten pages had been written by 3:00 p.m
g- Who + V + object ...... ? Passive: - By whom..... ? - Who...... by ?
Ex: Who wrote this novel ?
→ Passive: - By whom was this novel written ?
hoặc: Who was this novel written by ?
Exercise 1: Passive and Active voice

1. People drink a great deal of tea in England.
2. Tom was writing two poems.
3. She often takes her dog for a walk.
4. People speak English all over the world.
5. A group of students have met their friends at the railway station.
6. They didn’t allow Tom to take these books home.
7. The teacher won’t correct exercises tomorrow.
8. How many trees did they cut down to build that fence?
9. This well-known library attracts many people.
10. My mother used to make us clean the house.
11. He likes people to call him “Sir”.
12. They are going to have someone repair their car
13. People say that he is intelligent.
14. He can’t repair my bike.
15. Mary has operated Tom since 10 o’clock.
16. Mr. Smith has taught us French for 2 years.
17. They didn’t look after the children properly.
18. Nobody swept this street last week.

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19. How many lessons are you going to learn next month?
20. You need to do this work.
Exercise 2: Rewrite the sentences in the passive:

1. They will construct some new airports on islands.
……………………………………………………………………………………
2. The new president might fulfill this promise as quickly as people would like.
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. They are going to find out the mystery.
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. You can buy videos like this one anywhere.
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. Someone will tell you when you go in to see the doctor.
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. They should have finished the hotel by the time you arrive.
……………………………………………………………………………………
7. Someone has to write the history of the European Community one day.
……………………………………………………………………………………
8. When is someone going to announce the results of the contest?
……………………………………………………………………………………
9. Where will your company send you next year?
……………………………………………………………………………………
10. They ought to have reported the accident to the police.
……………………………………………………………………………………
Exercise 3: Complete the sentences with the given words, active or passive
1. Chris has good news. The engineering firm where she had an interview yesterday (may + offer)
………………………….. her a job soon.
2. Good news! I (may + offer) ………………………….. a job soon. I had an interview at an
engineering firm yesterday.
3. You (should + open) ………………….. the wine about three hours before you use it.
4. You (mustn’t + move) …………………………..this man; he is too ill. He (will + have to + leave)
………………………….. here.
5. You (must + take) …………………………..those books back to the library yesterday.
6. We tried, but the window (couldn’t + open) ……………………………
7. You (must + keep) ………………………….. meat in a refrigerator or it will spoil.
8. I (had better + wash) ……………….. my clothes today, or they will be very smelly.
9. Someone (should + tell) ………………………….. James the news immediately.
10. This application (be supposed to + send) ………….. to the personnel department soon.
Exercise 4: Choose the best option A, B, C or D to complete the sentence.

1. I shouldn’t ………. so much coffee last night. I was wide awake till four in the morning.
A. drink B. drank C. be drunk D. have drunk
2. The profits are supposed …………………. among the shareholders.
A. to divide B. to be divided C. dividing D. being divided
3. When you are on duty, your uniform must …………………. at all times.
A. wear B. be wear C. be worn D. be wearing
4. You promised her a letter; you ought to …………………. days ago.
A. write B. be writing C. have written D. be written

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5. After the test papers …………………. to the students in class tomorrow, the students
…………………. their next assignment.
A. will return – will be given B. will be returned – are given
C. are returning – are giving D. are returned – will be given
6. The class for next semester is too large. It ought to …………………. in half.
A. be divided B. divide C. have divided D. have been divided
7. The entire valley can …………………. from their mountain home.
A. see B. be seen C. being seen D. sees
8. He is wearing a gold ring on his fourth finger. He must………………….
A. have been married B. be married C. marry D. have married
9. A child should …………………. everything he or she wants.
A. gives B. give C. have been given D. be given
10. Your daughter has a good voice. Her interest in singing …………………. encouraged.
A. should be B should C. be D. have
11. I found this book on my desk when I came to class. It must ……. by one of the students in earlier
class.
A. be left B. have been left C. leave D. have left
12. You had better ………………….your chores before Mom gets home.
A. be finished B. have finished C. have been finished D. finish
13. These books will have to …………………. to the library tomorrow.
A. return B. have returned C. being returned D. be returned
th th
14. Ann’s birthday was on the 5 , and now it’s already the 8 . Her birthday card …. a week ago.
A. will be sent B. can be sent
C. should have been sent D. should have sent
15. You …………………. me to Dr. Gray. We’ve already met.
A. don’t have to introduce B mustn’t be introduced
C. shouldn’t introduce D. mustn’t introduce
16. Bill ………………….Ann to the party tomorrow.
A. will be invited B. will invite
C. will have invited D. will have been invited.
17. A new hospital ………………….in this area.
A. are going to be built B. builds C. is going to be built D. is going to build
18. Mike …………………. What’s going on in his English class.
A. can’t understand B. can’t be understood
C. could have understood D. could have been understood
19. Our test papers ………………….by our teachers now.
A. are marking B. are being marked C. will mark D. will be marked
20. ………………….the birds in your garden at three o’clock yesterday afternoon?
A. Did you feed B. Were you fed C. Were you being fed D. Were you feeding
Exercise 5: Multiple choices

1. Many U.S. automobiles --------------- in Detroit, Michigan.
A. manufacture B. have manufactured
C. are manufactured D. are manufacturing
2. I still can’t believe it! My bicycle ----------- last night.
A. was stolen B. was stealing
C. stolen D. stole
3. Let’s go ahead and do it now. Nothing ------------ by waiting.
A. will be accomplished B. accomplished
C. has accomplished D. accomplishes

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4.” When ----------? “ - In 1928

A. penicillin was discovered B. did penicillin discovered
C. was penicillin discovered D. did penicillin discover
5. The rescuers ---------- for their bravery and fortitude in locating the lost mountain climbers.
A. were praised B. praised
C. were praising D. praising
6. Vitamin C ---------- by the human body. It gets into the bloods stream quickly.
A. absorbs easily B. is easily absorbing
C. is easily absorbed D. absorbed easily
7. Renoir is one of the most popular French impressionist painters. His paintings ---------- masterpieces all
over the world.
A. had considered B. are considering
C. are considered D. consider
8. We can’t go along here because the road is ---------------.
A. been repaired B. being repaired
C. repaired D. repairing
9. More than 50 films --------------- in HCMC since June.
A. were shown B. had been shown
C. have been shown D. have shown
10. George is --------------- Lisa.
A. marry with B. marry to
C. married with D. married to
11. Somebody cleans the room every day.
a. The room every day is cleaned
b. The room is every day cleaned
c. The room is cleaned every day
d. The room is cleaned by somebody every day
12. They cancelled all flights because of fog.
a. All flights because of fog were cancelled.
b. All flights were cancelled because of fog.
c. All flights were because of fog cancelled
d. All flights were cancelled by them because of fog
13. People don't use this road very often.
a. This road is not used very often b. Not very often this road is not used
c. This road very often is not used d. This road not very often is used
14. Somebody accused me of stealing money.
a. I was accused by somebody of stealing money.
b. I was accused of stealing money
c. I was accused of stealing money by somebody
d. I was accused stealing money.
15. How do people learn languages?
a. How are languages learned? b. How are languages learned by people?
c. How languages are learned? d. Languages are learned how?
16. People warned us not to go out alone.
a. We were warned not going out alone
b. We were warned not to go out alone by people.
c. We weren't warned to go out alone.
d. We were warned not to go out alone.
17. Somebody is using the computer at the moment.
a. The computer is being used at the moment.

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b. The computer at the moment is being used.

c. The computer is being used by somebody at the moment.
d. The computer is used at the moment.
18. I didn't realize that somebody was recording our conversation.
a. I didn’t realize that our conversation was recorded.
b. I didn't realize that our conversation was being recorded.
c. I didn't realize that our conversation was being recorded by someone.
d. Our conversation wasn't realized to be recorded.
19. We found that they had cancelled the game.
a. We found that the fame had been cancelled.
b. The game had been cancelled.
c. We found that the game had been cancelled by them.
d. The game were found to be cancelled.
20. They are building a new highway around the city.
a. A new highway is being built around the city.
b. A new highway is being built around the city by them
c. A new highway around the city is being built.
d. Around the city a new highway is being built.
4. Relative clauses
RELATIVE CLAUSES & REDUCTION OF RELATIVE CLAUSES

A. RELATIVE CLAUSES
- Mệnh đề quan hệ (hay mệnh đề tính ngữ) bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước nó.
- Mệnh đề quan hệ được đặt sau danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa, được bắt đầu bằng các đại từ quan hệ:
WHO, WHOM, WHICH, THAT, WHOSE, và trạng từ quan hệ: WHERE, WHY, WHEN.
Danh từ đứng trước Chủ ngữ Tân ngữ Sở hữu cách

(Antecedent) (Subject) (Object) (Possesive Case)
Người (person) Who/That Whom/That Whose
Vật (Thing) Which/That Which/That Of which/ whose
1. Đại từ quan hệ (Relative Clauses)

a. WHO: thay thế cho người, làm chủ từ trong MĐQH.
Ex: - I need to meet the boy. The boy is my friend’s son.
à I need to meet the boy who is my friend’s son.
- The woman is standing over there. She is my sister.
àThe woman who is standing over there is my sister.
b. WHO/ WHOM: thay thế cho người, làm túc từ trong MĐQH.
Ex:- I know the girl. I spoke to this girl.
à I know the girl who/ whom I spoke to.
- The man is my teacher. Your father is talking to him.
à The man who/ whom your father is talking to is my teacher.
c. WHICH: - thay thế đồ vật, làm chủ từ, túc từ trong MĐQH.
Ex: - She works for a company. It makes cars
à She works for a company which makes cars.
- The elephants are big. People keep the elephants in iron cages.
à The elephants which people keep in iron cages are big.

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- Thay thế cho cả mệnh đề đứng trước nó

Ex: He passed his exam. This pleased his parents.
He passed his exam, which pleased his parents. (dùng dấu phẩy trước đại từ quan hệ)
d. THAT: thay thế cho WHO/ WHOM/ WHICH trong MĐQH hạn định
Ex: - I need to meet the boy that/ who is my friend’s son.
- The woman that/ who is standing over there is my sister.
- I know the girl that/ who/ whom I spoke to.
- The man that/ who/ whom your father is talking to is my teacher.
- She works for a company that/ which makes cars.
- The elephants that/ which people keep in iron cages are big.
* Những trường hợp thường dùng THAT:
- Sau cụm từ quan hệ vừa chỉ người và vật:
Ex: He told me the places and people that he had seen in London.
- Sau đại từ bất định: something, aynyone, nobody, all, much ....
Ex: I’ll tell you something that is very interesting.
All that is mine is yours.
- Sau các tính từ so sánh nhất, only, first, last
Ex: - This is the most beautiful dress that I have.
- You are the only person that can help us.
- Trong cấu trúc It + be + … + that … (chính là …)
Ex: It is my friend that wrote this sentence.
(Chính là bạn tôi đã viết câu này.)
* Những trường hợp không dùng THAT:
- Trong mệnh đề tính từ không hạn định.
Ex: Mr Brown, that we studied English with, is a very nice teacher.
- Sau giới từ
Ex: The house in that I was born is for sale.
e. WHOSE (OF WHICH): thay thế cho sở hữu của người, vật (his-, her-, its-, their-).
Ex: - John found the cat. Its leg was broken.
à John found the cat whose leg/(the leg of which) was broken.
- This is the student. I borrowed his book.
àThis is the student whose book I borrowed.
f. OF WHICH / OF WHOM:
Ex: - Daisy has three brothers. All of them are teachers.
à Daisy has three brothers, all of whom are teachers.
- He asked me a lot of questions. I couldn’t answer most of them.
à He asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldn’t answer.
g. Giới từ đặt trước mệnh đề tính ngữ: (WHOM/WHICH)
Ex: - The man speaks English very fast. I talked to him last night.
à The man to whom I talked last night speaks English very fast.
- The house is for sale. I was born in it.
à The house in which I was born is for sale.
* LƯU Ý: KHÔNG dùng THAT sau giới từ.
2. Trạng từ quan hệ (Relative Adverbs)

a. WHERE (in/ on/ at ... which): thay thế cho cụm từ chỉ nơi chốn

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Ex: - The movie theater is the place. We can see films at that place.
à The movie theater is the place where we can see films.
b. WHEN (in/ on which): thay thế cho cụm từ chỉ thời gian
Ex: - Do you remember the day. We first met on that day.
à Do you remember the day when we first met?
c. WHY (for which): thay thế cho cụm trạng từ chỉ lí do
Ex: - Tell me the reason. You are so sad for that reason.
à Tell me the reason why you are so sad.
CÓ 2 LOẠI MỆNH ĐỀ LIÊN HỆ:

RESTRICTIVE & NON-RESTRICTIVE RELATIVE CLAUSES
I. Restrictive Relative Clauses:

- Dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước chưa được xác định rõ, nếu bỏ đi mệnh đề chính sẽ
không rõ nghĩa.
Ex: - I saw the girl. She helped us last week.
à I saw the girl who/that helped us last week.
* LƯU Ý: Ta có thể bỏ đại từ quan hệ: WHO, WHOM, WHICH, THAT khi chúng làm tân ngữ
trong MĐQH hạn định.
II. Non-restritive Relative Clauses:
- Dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước đã được xác định rõ (nó chỉ là phần giải thích thêm),
nếu bỏ đi mệnh đề chính vẫn rõ nghĩa.
- Mệnh đề này ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính bằng dấu phẩy.
- Ta dùng mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định khi:
+ Trước đại từ quan hệ có: this/that/these/those/my/her/his/…
+ Từ trước đại từ quan hệ là tên riêng, danh từ riêng, vật duy nhất, cụm trạng ngữ chỉ nơi
chốn
Ex: - My father is a doctor. He is fifty years old.
à My father, who is fifty years old, is a doctor.
- Mr. Brown is a very nice teacher. We studied English with him.
à Mr Brown, who we studied English with, is a very nice teacher.
- The sun made the traveller thirsty. It was hot at midday.
à The sun, which was hot at midday, made the traveller thirsty
- The boys in the next room are my students. They are making noise.
à The boys in the next room, who are making noise, are my students.
* LƯU Ý: + KHÔNG được bỏ đại từ quan hệ trong MĐQH không hạn định.
EXERCISE 1 : Combine each pair of sentences, using a relative pronoun.

1. The girl is my cousin. She chatted with you yesterday.
à………………………………………………….……………………………..
2. The man is very kind. He spent 15 minutes measuring our kitchen
à………………………………………………….……………………………..
3. The architect designed these flats. He has moved to HCM City.
à………………………………………………….……………………………..
4. The young boy is naughty. He rides an expensive motorbike.

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à………………………………………………….……………………………..
5. I’m reading the book. I bought it in 1996.
à………………………………………………….……………………………..
6. Do you know the man? He is sharing the flat with me.
à………………………………………………….……………………………..
7. The young man is Ba’s brother. He is talking to our teacher.
à………………………………………………….……………………………..
8. We visited the monument. It was built a hundred years ago.
à………………………………………………….……………………………..
9. The boys are interested in the game. It is a popular game all over the world.
à………………………………………………….……………………………..
10. You have no need to tell me the reason. You are often late for work for that reason.
à………………………………………………….……………………………..
11. We visited the people. They are homeless after the flood.
à………………………………………………….……………………………..
12. I don’t like the films. They have unhappy ending.
à………………………………………………….……………………………..
13. I know the man. His son broke your windows.
à………………………………………………….……………………………..
14. The girl is very kind. Her parents work with me.
à………………………………………………….……………………………..
15. The village has around 200 people. The majority of them are farmers.
à………………………………………………….……………………………..
16. She hasn’t eat anything. This makes her parents worried.
à………………………………………………….……………………………..
17. The student is from China. He sits next to me.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
18. I thanked the woman. This woman had helped me.
à …………………………………………………………………………………………
19. Mr. Pike is excellent. I am taking his course.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
20. Shakespeare wrote plays . People have enjoyed them for four centuries.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
B. REDUCTION OF RELATIVE CLAUSES

1) Dùng phân từ:
a) Dùng cụm V-ing :
Dùng cho các mệnh đề mang nghĩa chủ động
Ex: a. The man who is standing there is my brother.
b. The man standing there is my brother
b) Dùng cụm P.P: (V3/ V-ed)
Dùng cho các mệnh đề mang nghĩa bị động .
a. I like books which were written by Nguyen Du.
b. I like books written by Nguyen Du.
2) Dùng cụm to inf: (... Noun/ Pronoun + to infinitive / to be + P.P... )
-Dùng khi danh từ đứng trước có các từ sau đây :

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ONLY, LAST, FIRST, SECOND...

Ex: This is the only student who can do the problem. (động từ mang nghĩa chủ động)
This is the only student to do the problem.
-Động từ là HAVE
Ex: I have something that I must do now. (động từ mang nghĩa chủ động)
I have something to do now.
-Câu bắt đầu bằng: HERE (BE), THERE (BE)
Ex: There are six letters which have to be written today. (động từ mang nghĩa bị động)
There are six letters to be written today.
GHI NHỚ :
Trong phần to inf này cần nhớ 2 điều sau:
- Nếu chủ từ 2 mệnh đề khác nhau thì thêm cụm for sb trước to inf.
Ex: We have some picture books that children can read.
We have some picture books for children to read.
Tuy nhiên nếu chủ từ đó là đại từ có nghĩa chung chung như: we, you, everyone.... thì có thể
không cần ghi ra.
Ex: Studying abroad is the wonderful thing that we must think about.
Studying abroad is the wonderful (for us ) to think about.
- Nếu trước relative pronoun có giới từ thì phải đem xuống cuối câu.
Ex: We have a peg on which we can hang our coat.
We have a peg to hang our coat on.
3) Dùng cụm danh từ (đồng cách danh từ )
Dùng khi mệnh đề quan hệ có dạng:
S + BE + DANH TỪ /CỤM DANH TỪ/CỤM GIỚI TỪ
Cách làm:
-bỏ who ,which và be
Ex: a. Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health.
 Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health.
 Football, a popular sport, is very good for health.
Ex: b. Do you like the book which is on the table?
Do you like the book on the table?
PHƯƠNG PHÁP LÀM BÀI LOẠI RÚT GỌN:

Bước 1 : - Tìm xem mệnh đề tính từ nằm chổ nào
Bước này dễ vì mệnh đề tính từ thường bắt đầu bằng WHO,WHICH,THAT...
Bước 2 :
Bước này chủ yếu là rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ thành cụm từ
1. Nhìn xem mệnh đề có công thức S + BE + CỤM DANH TỪ không ? Nếu có áp dụng công
thức 3 .
2. Nếu không có công thức đó thì xem tiếp trứoc who which... có các dấu hiệu first ,only...v..v
không ,nếu có thì áp dụng công thức 2 (to inf. ) lưu ý thêm xem 2 chủ từ có khác nhau không ( để
dùng for sb )
3. Nếu không có 2 trừong hợp trên mới xét xem câu đó chủ động hay bị động mà dùng V-NG hay
P.P..

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EXERCISE 2: Use reduced relative clauses in place of the relative clauses

1. The child is lonely, he would be happier if he had someone that he could play with.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
2. I’ve got a bottle of wine but I haven’t got anything that I could open it with.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
3. I don’t like him playing in the streets; I wish we had a garden that he could play in.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
4. The floor is dirty but I haven’t got a brush that I can sweep it with.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
5. My files are all over the place. I wish I had a box that I could keep them in.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
6. She said that she wasn’t going to buy any cards; she hadn’t anyone to whom she could
send cards.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
7. You are the last person who saw her alive.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
8. He simple loves parties. He is always the first who comes and the last who goes.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
9. The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which had been built on the Clyde.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
10. He was the second man who was killed in this way.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
11. Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
12. Lady Astor was the first woman who took her seat in Parliament.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
13. Here are some accounts that you must check.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
14. People who listen to very loud music may suffer gradual hearing loss .
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
15. He was the man who was saved in the fire .
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
16. Anyone who doesn’t want to take part in the meeting must inform the board.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
17. The teacher who takes the responsibility for the class is Ms Lan.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
18. .She’s just bought a handbag which was made of crocodile skin.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
19. I met a man who had been working in this factory for a long time.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
20. The story which was told by my grandma was interesting.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………

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EXERCISE 3: CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER:

1. That’s my friend,_______________ comes from Japan.
A. which B. who C. whom D. where.
2. The plants which______________ in the living room need a lot of water.
A. are B. be C. is D. was
3. She’s the woman_______________ sister looks after the baby for us.
A. who B. which C. that’s D. whose
4. That’s the doctor for________________ Cliff works.
A. that B. which C. whom D. whose
5. Marie,______________ I met at the party, called me last night.
A. that B. whom C. which D. whose
6. I remember Alice,______________ rode the bus to school with.
A. I B. whom I C. which I D. who
7. I used to enjoy the summer, ______________ we had a big family picnic.
A. where B. when C. which D. that
8. Tell me about the city ______________ you grew up.
A. that B. where C. which D. ø
9. Anna found the book that ________________ wanted at the bookshop.
A. ø B. where C. she D. which
10. Please remember to take back to the library all the books ________ are due this week.
A. ø B. that C. when D. they
11. He likes the dress. Huong is wearing it
A. He likes the dress which Huong is wearing it
B. He likes the dress Huong is wearing it
C. He likes the dress who Huong is wearing
D. He likes the dress Huong is wearing
12. Most of the classmates couldn't come. He invited them to the birthday party
A. Most of the classmates he invited to the birthday party couldn't come.
B. Most of the classmates he was invited to the birthday party couldn't come.
C. Most of the classmates that he invited them to the birthday party couldn't come.
D. Most of the classmates which he invited to the birthday party couldn't come.
13. What was the name of the man? You met and talked to him this morning.
A. What was the name of the man who you met and talked to him this morning?
B. What was the name of the man you met and talked to this morning?
C. What was the name of the man you met and talked to whom this morning?
D. What was the name of the man whose you met and talked to this morning?
14. The church is over 500 years old. Our class visited it last summer.
A. The church which our class visited it last summer is over 500 years old.
B. The church that our class visited it last summer is over 500 years old.
C. The church which our class visited last summer is over 500 years old.
D. The church our class visit last summer is over 500 years old.
15. The song says about the love of two young stdents. She is singing the song.
A. The song which she is singing it says about the love of two young stdents.
B. The song she is singing says about the love of two young stdents.
C. The song says about the love of two young stdents which she is singing.
D. The song says about the love of two young stdents that she is singing it.

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5. Word forms
A- MỘT SỐ CÁCH THÀNH LẬP LOẠI TỪ:

I- DANH TỪ:
1) Tiền tố: super-/under-/sur-/sub-/over- + N ---> N
supermarket siêu thị underachievement đạt dưới mức surface bề mặt
superman siêu nhân subway tàu điện ngầm overexpenditure chi tiêu quá
2) Hậu tố:
a) V + -ion/-tion/-ation/-ition/-sion ---> N
addition sự thêm vào production sản xuất conservation sự bảo tồn
repetition sự lặp lại permission sự cho phép pollution sự ơ nhiễm
b) V + -ment/-ance/-ence/-age/-ing/-al ---> N
employment việc làm attendance sự có mặt difference sự khác nhau
marriage sự kết hôn swimming việc bơi lội arrival sự đến
c) V + -er/-or/-ant/-ee/ ---> N
driver tài xế actor diễn viên nam accountant kế toán
employee người làm thuê interviewee người được phỏng vấn applicant người xin việc
d) N + -ist/-an/-ian/-ess ---> N
physicist nhà vật lý American người Mỹ librarian thủ thư
actress nữ diễn viên musician nhạc sĩ scientist nhà khoa học
e) Adj + -y/-ity/-ness/-ism/-dom/ -ship ---> N

difficulty khó khăn responsibility trách nhiệm happiness sự hạnh phúc
capitalism chủ nghĩa tư bản freedom sự tự do friendship tình bạn
3) THE + ADJ ---> NOUN

the poor, the blind, the deaf, the old, the sick, the weak,
the unemployed, the disabled, the dead, the young…
II- ĐỘNG TỪ:

1) Tiền tố:
a) dis-/mis-/re-/over-/under-/out- + V ---> V
disagree khơng đồng ý misunderstand hiểu nhầm redo làm lại
overcook nấu quá chín undersell bán rẻ hơn outweigh nặng hơn
b) en- + N/V/Adj ---> V

enable làm cho cĩ thể endanger gây nguy hiểm enrich làm giàu
2) Hậu tố:
Adj/N + -ize/-en/-ate/-fy ---> V
industrialize Công nghiệp hóa widen làm rộng ra originate bắt nguồn
beautify làm đẹp lighten làm nhẹ đi modernize hiện đại hóa

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III- TÍNH TỪ:

1) Tiền tố: un-/in-/im-/ir-/il-/dis- + Adj ---> Adj
unlucky không may inexact không chính xác impossible không thể
irregular không có qui tắc illogical không hợp lý dishonest không trung thực
2) Hậu tố:
a) N + -ly/-like/-less/-ish/-y/-ful/-al/-ic/ ---> Adj
daily hằng ngày childlike như con nít treeless không có cây
selfish ích kỷ rainy có mưa peaceful hòa bình
agricultural nông nghiệp scientific khoa học successful thành công
b) V/N + -ive/-able/-ible ---> Adj

attractive hấp dẫn acceptable có thể chấp nhận defensible có thể bảo vệ
eatable có thể ăn được active năng động comprehensible có thể hiểu
IV- TRẠNG TỪ: Phần lớn: Adj + -ly ---> Adv

Slowly một cách chậm chạp carefully một cách cẩn thận safely một cách an tòan
B- MỘT SỐ CẤU TRÚC NHẬN DIỆN LOẠI TỪ THƯỜNG GẶP:

1. a/ an/ the/ this/ that…
my/ her/ his…/ Mary’s + (adj) + N
many/ some/ a lot of…
Ex: She is a beautiful girl.
2. danh từ chỉ sự đo lường, tuổi tác + (adj)
Ex: This table is two meters long. He’s twenty years old.
3. V (MAKE, KEEP, FIND…) + O ADJ
Ex: We should keep our room clean.
4. Linking verbs (be, become, feel, look, taste, sound, smell, seem, get, appear…) + ADJ
Ex: It becomes hot today.
5. đại từ bất định (something, someone, anything, anybody, everything, nobody…) + ADJ
Ex: Do you have anything important to tell me?
6. ADV + ADJ
Ex: Your story is very interesting.
7. Hình thức hiện tại phân từ (-ING): Diễn tả nhận thức của người nói về người/việc gì đó.
Ex: That film is interesting. (Bộ phim đó hay.) (Người xem nhận thấy bộ phim hay.)
Hình thức quá khứ phân từ (-ED): Diễn tả cảm giác của người nói do người/việc gì đó đem lại.
Ex: I am confused about the question. (Tôi bị bối rối về câu hỏi.) (Câu hỏi làm tôi bối rối.)
8. Trạng từ thể cách bổ nghĩa cho động từ
Ex: She drives carefully
LƯU Ý:
- fast (nhanh), early (sớm), late (trễ), hard (chăm chỉ) vừa là tính từ vừa là trạng từ.
Ex: Jack is a very fast runner. Jack can run very fast.
- Phân biệt: late (trễ) lately (gần đây) (= recently)
hard (chăm chỉ) hardly (hầu như không)
- Một số tính từ tận cùng –LY: friendly (thân thiện), lovely (dễ thương), lively (sống động), ...
- Trạng từ tần suất đứng trước động từ thường, sau BE, trợ động từ và modals
Ex: She doesn’t often go with him. He can seldom find time for reading.

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Exercise: Complete the sentences using the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. Your new dress makes you more _____________. (beauty)
2. You should do these exercises _____________. (quick)
3. The industrial __________ will lead to the country’s prosperity. (develop)
4. Some large cities have had measures to minimize air ____________. (pollute)
5. I will come to the party because I accept the _______________. (invite)
6. The ___________ of the Hollywood actor, Jimmy Halton, was announced last night. (die)
7. This company offered a lot of __________ jobs. (attract)
8. We often go to the theater at weekends for ____________. (entertain)
9. He is a famous……………………. (act)
10. You must ................................. the answer you choose. (dark)
11. We have a lot of …………..............……….……… in learning English. (difficult)
12. I felt very …………..............……… when I was a member of our school team. (excite)
13. He speaks English ..................................... (fluency)
14. We are very proud of our………..............………. (friend)
15. He does exercise every morning, so he is very…………..............……….……… (health)
16. Her parents’ …………..............……….……… makes her very sad. (ill)
17. News on TV is very ...................... (inform)
18. What is his ............................? (nation)
19. Everybody loves ................................ beauty. (nature)
20. It is cloudy and .......................... today. (rain)
Multiple choice
1. He has been very interested in doing research on _______ since he was at high school.
a. biology b. biological c. biologist d. biologically
2. You are old enough to take _______ for what you have done.
a. responsible b. responsibility c. responsibly d. irresponsible
3. Many Vietnamese people ______ their lives for the revolutionary cause of the nation
a. sacrifice b. sacrificed c. sacrificial d. sacrificially
4. They had a ______ candlelit dinner last night and she accepted his proposal of marriage.
a. romance b. romantic c. romantically d. romanticize
5. She sent me a _______ letter thanking me for my invitation.
a. polite b. politely c. politeness d. impoliteness
6. As an _______, Mr. Pike is very worried about the increasing of juvenile delinquency.
a. educate b. education c. educator d. educative
7. He was the only _______ that was offered the job.
a. apply b. application c. applicant d. applying
8. Many people have objected to the use of animals in _____ experiments.
a. science b. scientist c. scientific d. scientifically
9. _______ is increasing, which results from economic crisis.
a. Employment b. Unemployment c. Employ d. Unemployed
10. _______! I have heard of your success in the new project.
a. Congratulate b. Congratulating c. Congratulation d. Congratulations
11. A / an _______ species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming extinct.
a. dangerous b. endanger c. endangered d. endangerment
12. Almost half of turtles and tortoises are known to be threatened with ____.
a. extinct b. extinction c. extinctive d. extinctly
13. They are going to _______ the pool to 1.8 meter.
a. deep b. depth c. deepen d. deeply

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14. The referee had no hesitation in awarding the visiting team a _______.
a. penalty b. penalize c. penal d. penalization
15. The referee's _______ is the most important in any sport competition.
a. decide b. decisive c. decision d. decider
16. Johnny used to be one of the most _______ athletes in my country.
a. succeed b. success c. successful d. successfully
17. The success of the 22nd SEA Games had a great contribution of many _______ volunteers.
a. support b. supporter c. supportive d. supportively
18. He was so _______ that he could not even say a word.
a. nerve b. nerves c. nervous d. nervously
19. I am really _______ in the way he talks, but the way he behaves.
a. interest b. interested c. interesting d. interestingly
20. Thanks to labor-saving devices, women have more time to take part in _______ activities.
a. society b. social c. socially d. socialize
6. Tag questions
I. CÁCH THÀNH LẬP
1. Câu hỏi đuôi gồm có: chủ ngữ (phải là đại từ nhân xưng) và trợ động từ hay động từ đặc biệc.
2. Nếu câu phát biểu ở thể xác định thì câu hỏi đuôi ở thể phủ định và ngược lại.
3. Nếu câu hỏi đuôi ở thể phủ định thì phải dùng hình thức tĩnh lược (contractive form).
Ex:
STATEMENTS QUESTION-TAGS
He is a good boy, isn’t he?
The girl didn't come here yesterday, did she?
They will go away, won't they?
She hasn't left, has she?
II. CHÚ Ý:
a. Phần đuôi của “ I am” là “ aren’t I “ .
Eg: I’m going to do it again, aren’t I?
b. Imperatives and Requests ( Câu mệnh lệnh và câu yêu cầu):
+ Có phần đuôi là “won’t you?” khi câu phát biểu diễn tả lời mời:
Eg: Take your seat, won’t you? (Mời ông ngồi)
+ Có phần đuôi là “will you?” khi câu phát biểu diễn tả lời yêu cầu hoặc mệnh lệnh phủ định
Eg: Open the door, will you? ( Xin vui lòng mở cửa)
Don’t be late, will you ? (Đừng đi trễ nha)
c. Phần đuôi của câu bắt đầu bằng “ Let’s ...” : là “shall we ?”
Eg: Let’s go swimming, shall we?
Nhưng phần đuôi của “Let us / Let me” là “will you”
d. Nothing, anything, something, everything được thay là thế bằng “ It” ở câu hỏi đuôi:
Eg : Everything will be all right, won’t it?
No one, Nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everybody, everyone được thay
thế bằng “They” trong câu hỏi đuôi.
Eg: Someone remembered to leave the messages, didn’t they?
Lưu ý: Nothing, Nobody, No one được dùng trong mệnh đề chính, động từ ở câu hỏi đuôi sẽ
phải ở dạng thức xác định. (Vì Nothing, Nobody, No one có nghĩa phủ định)

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Eg: Nothing gives you more pleasure than listening to music, does it ?
e. This/ That được thay thế là “It”. Eg: This won’t take long, will it?
f. These/ Those được thay thế là “They”.
Eg: Those are nice, aren’t they?
g. Khi trong câu nói có từ phủ định như: seldom, rarely, hardly, no, without, never, few, little…
phần đuôi phải ở dạng khẳng định.
Eg: He seldom goes to the movies, does he?
h. Nếu câu phát biểu có dạng : You ‘d better → câu hỏi đuôi sẽ là : hadn’t you ?
You’d rather → câu hỏi đuôi sẽ là : wouldn’t you ?
You used to → câu hỏi đuôi sẽ là : didn’t you ?
III. Ý nghĩa của câu hỏi đuôi:
Ý nghĩa của câu hỏi đuôi phụ thuộc vào ngữ điệu diễn đạt nó:
- Nếu ta hạ giọng, có nghĩa là ta thực sự đặt câu hỏi cho người đối thoại và ta muốn người nghe
đồng tình với mình
- Nếu ta lên giọng câu hỏi đuôi thì ta muốn hỏi lại người nghe
EXERCISE : Add tag questions to the following.

1/ They want to come,………………….?
2/ Elizabeth is a dentist, ……………….. ?
3/ They won’t be here, …………………?
4/ That is your umbrella, ………………….?
5/ There aren’t many people here yet, …………….. ?
6/ He has a bicycle,……………………?
7/ Peter would like to come with us to the party, ……………………..?
8/ Those aren’t Fred’s books, ………?
9/ You have never been to Paris,…………?
10/ Something is wrong with Jane today, ………… ?
11/ Everyone can learn how to swim, ……………… ?
12/ Nobody cheated in the exam, ………………….. ?
13/ Nothing went wrong while I was gone, ………… ?
14/ I am invited, ………………….?
15/ This bridge is not very safe,……………..?
16/ These sausages are delicious, …………….?
17/ You haven’t lived here long, …………?
18/ The weather forecast wasn’t very good, ……………. ?
19/ He’d better come to see me, .............. ?
20/ You need to stay longer, ................................?
7. Subject and verb Agreement

Có nhiều nguyên tắc hòa hợp trong điểm ngữ pháp này, tuy nhiên chúng tôi chỉ chọn lựa một số nguyên
tắc cơ bản và phổ biến nhất để các em học sinh dễ nắm bắt và vận dụng.
A. Nguyên tắc chung:
Chủ ngữ (S) Động từ (V)
He, she, it và các danh từ số ít Động từ số ít
You, we, they và các danh từ số nhiều Động từ số nhiều
- Hình thức của động từ số ít: is/was/has/động từ có s hoặc es.
- Hình thức của động từ số nhiều: are/were/have/động từ có hình thức giống như nguyên mẫu.
B. Một số nguyên tắc hoà hợp cơ bản:
1. Chủ ngữ gồm hai hoặc nhiều phần nối với nhau bằng and  V số nhiều
Eg: My brother and sister live in Boston.

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2. Chủ ngữ gồm 2 phần nối với nhau bằng either… or, neither… nor, not only…but also  V hòa hợp
với phần gần nó nhất.
Eg: Either Thursday or Friday is ok.
3. Chủ ngữ có thêm phần as well as, with, together with, along with  V vẫn chỉ hòa hợp với phần S
đầu tiên.
Eg: George, together with his friends, is buying a race horse.
4. Chủ ngữ là cụm từ chỉ sự đo lường (được xem như là một tổng thể)  V là số ít.
Eg: Thirty pounds seems a reasonable price.
5. Nếu có 1 cụm từ hay mệnh đề theo sau một danh từ làm chủ ngữ  V chỉ hòa hợp với danh từ đầu
tiên.
Eg: The house between the two bungalows is empty.
The house they used to live in is now empty.
6. Chủ ngữ là 1 cụm từ hay 1 mệnh đề  V số ít.
Eg: Through the trees is the nearest way.
Opening my presents was exciting.
7. Every of , one of, each of, one of + danh từ số nhiều  V số ít.
Eg: One of these letters is for you.
8. A (large) number of, the majority of, a lot of, some of + danh từ số nhiều  V số nhiều.
Eg: The majority of people have complained.
* The number of  V số ít
9. Each, every + danh từ số ít  V số ít Eg: Each book and magazin is listed in the card catolog
10. None of, neither of, either of + danh từ số nhiều  V số ít.
Eg: None of the students has failed the test
* Có thể dùng V số nhiều nhưng không trang trọng (informal English)
11. Đại từ bất định như Something, everything, nothing…  V số ít
Eg: Someone was waiting at the door
12. Danh từ không đếm được  V số ít. Eg: This water is not safe enough to drink.
13. Một số danh từ có hình thức số nhiều nhưng mang nghĩa số ít  V số ít.
Eg: Mathematics is one of my core subjects
14. There is/was + danh từ số ít.
There are/were + danh từ số nhiều.
Eg: There are twenty five students in my class
There was an accident last night.
15. Một số danh từ có hình thức số ít nhưng mang nghĩa số nhiều  V số nhiều.
Eg: The police are investigating the crime.
16. The + tính từ làm chủ ngữ  V số nhiều. Eg: The sick are well cared in the hospital
Exercise 1: Circle the best answer.
1. One of ____________ a goldfish bowl on her kitchen table.
a. my friend keep c. my friend keeps
b. my friends keep d. my friends keeps
2. Every ____________ love.
a. man, woman and child needs c. man, woman and child need
b. men, women and children needs d. men, women and children need
3. One of the girls who ____________ in this office ____________ my niece
a. works / is c. work / is
b. works / are d. work / are
4. Neither Lan nor her parents ____________ the film.
a. like b. likes c. is like d. are like
5. Each ____________ the same as the day before.
a. days was b. day was c. days were d. day were

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6. More men than ____________ left handed.

a. woman are b. woman is c. women are d. women is
7. Every one of the students ____________ on time for class
a. is b. are c. were d. have been
8. There ____________ some money on the table.
a. are b. were c. have been d. is
9. This information about taxes ____________ helpful
a. were b. have been c. is d. are
10. The vegetables in the bowl on the table ____________ fresh.
a. looks b. smells c. are d. is
11. Writing ____________ her happy
a. letter makes b. letters makes c. letter make d. letters make
12. None of the money robbed from the banks last year ____________ yet.
a. has been found b. have been found c. has found d. have found
13. My father and mother ____________ for the same company.
a. works b. work c. is working d. has worked
14. The elderly ____________ this kind of music, but the young ____________.
a. don’t like / does b. doesn’t like / does c. don’t like / do d. doesn’t like / do
Exercise 2: Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1. The news about Mr Hogan (be) ___________surprising.
2. Fifty minutes (be)___________the maximum length of the time allowed for the exam.
3. Many people in the world (not have) ___________enough food to eat.
4. The poor (need)___________ help from the community.
5. Listening to loud music at rock concerts (cause)_______ hearing loss in some teenagers these days.
6. There (be) ___________a lot of sheep in the field.
7. Ten miles (be) ___________ too far to walk.
8. Not only John but also his friends (want) ___________ to buy this race horse.
9. A number of students (recently participate) ___________ in intensive language programs abroad.
10. Sarah, along with 20 students, (plan) ___________a party now.
11. The number of students who (withdraw) ___________from class since the term began
(be) ___________quite high.
12. There (be) at least one window in every room.
13. A lot of students in my class (speak) ___________ and (undrstand) ___________ Spanish.
14. The trousers Lan’s bought (not, go) ___________ best with her shirt.
15. The information she gave me (be not) ___________valuable.
16. The number of days in a week (be) ___________seven.
17. Either you or he (have) ___________to do the task.
18. Two years without a job (be) ___________too long to be.
19. Every girl and boy (be) ___________required to have certain immunizations before enrolling in
public school.
20. Neither of John’s parents (be)___________ English.
Exercise 3: Find the incorrect part A, B, C and D.
1. Each of the rooms have its own bathroom.
A B C D
2. Everybody who have a fever must go home immediately
A B C D
3. Twenty five dollars are all I can afford to pay for this recorder
A B C D

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4. All of the windows in my house was broken in the earthquake.

A B C D
5. The actress, along with her manager and some friends, are going to the party.
A B C D
6. Living expenses in this country are high.
A B C D
8. Result clauses
* Dùng : so, so... that, or such … that.
1. SO: VÌ VẬY Ex: The lecture was boring and irrelevant, so some of the students began to fall asleep.
2. So + adjective + that
Ex: Their dog was so fierce that no one dared to come near it.
3. So + adverb + that
Ex: His speech went on so long that people began to fall asleep.
Our neighbours play their radio so loudly that we can’t sleep .
4. So + adjective + a\an Noun + that
Ex: A. It is so good a story that I’ll never forget it. B. He is so honest a man that he never tells lies
5.
So + many\little\much\few + Noun +that
Ex: A. There was so much dust that we couldn’t see what was happening.
B. He made so many mistakes that I’m really disappointed.
C. He made so few mistakes that we are all surprised.
D. She has so little patience that he can’t tolerate any noise.
6.
Such + adjective + Noun + that
Ex: A. They had such a fierce dog that no one dared to go near their house.
B. They are such careful students that they rarely make mistakes.
C. He writes with such great care that he rarely makes mistakes
* Ngòai ra có thể dùng : Therefore, Thus, In consequence, Consequently, For this/that reason,
* Trong một vài trường hợp có thể dùng : and as a result or with the result that.
Ex: The lecture was boring, and as a result some of the students began to fall asleep.
The lecture was boring, with the result that some of the students began to fall asleep
* As a result có thể được sử dụng ở đầu câu.
Ex: The lecture was boring. As a result, some of the students began to fall asleep.
Exercises:
I/Combine the sentences by using so…that or such….that:
1. This tea is good. I think I’ll have another cup.
………………………………………………………………………………….
2. It was an expensive car. We couldn’t afford to buy it.
………………………………………………………………………………….
3. The car was very expensive. We couldn’t afford to buy it.
………………………………………………………………………………….
4. Tommy ate too much candy. He got a stomachache.
………………………………………………………………………………….
5. The food was too hot. It burned my tongue.
………………………………………………………………………………….
6. She made many mistakes. She failed the exam.

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………………………………………………………………………………….
7.It was a good book. I couldn’t put it down.
………………………………………………………………………………….
8. He walked very quickly. We couldn’t keep up with him.
………………………………………………………………………………….
9.It was nice weather. We went to the zoo.
………………………………………………………………………………….
10.The test was very easy. Everyone got a high score.
………………………………………………………………………………….
II/Choose the best answer:

1. There is _______noise that I can hear nothing
A. so many B. such C. so much D. so
2 It was raining ____I couldn’t go outside,.
A. because B. So hard that C. so that D. too hard that
3. My mouth is burning! This is ___________ spicy food that I don’t think I can finish it.
A. such B. so C. Very D. too
4. There are ________ planets in the universe that we can’t count them.
A. so much B. such C. so many D. so
5. He was _______ tired that he slept all days.
A. such B. too C. so D. very
6. They were ______busy studying ______ they couldn’t go to the restaurant with us.
A. so – that B. such – that C. very – that D. too - that
7. The runners are ______exhausted that none of them finished the race.
A. too B. such C. enough D. so
8. It was _____ a difficult question that I couldn’t answer it.
A. so B. such C. too D. very
9. It was ________ a boring speech that I fell asleep.
A. such B. so C. much D. too
9. Phrases and clauses of purpose
@ Phrases of Purpose :
Main clause + to / so as to / in order to + Verb (bare infinitive)

Ex: Sarah went to the computer lab to print out her research report.
The company conducted a detailed survey in order to gauge its clients’ views.
I went to see him so as to find out what had happened.
*Dạng phủ định :
Main clause + not to / so as not to / in order not to + Verb (bare infinitive)

Ex: He turned off the lights before going out so as not to waste electricity.
In order [ for + Object ]+ ( not ) to infinitive . ( Khác chủ ngữ )

Ex: The teacher uses a microphone in order for his students to hear his voice better.
@ Clauses of Purpose :
so that / lest
Main clause + in order that + S + will / would + bare infinitive
Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC can / could
for fear that
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Ex: The schoolboys are in a hurry in order that they will not be late for school.
Tom is saving up so that he can buy a new car.
Exercises :
I/ Combine the ideas using so that:

1. Rachel wanted to watch the news. She turned on the TV.
→…………………………………………………………………………...
2. Nancy is carrying extra courses every semester. She wants to graduate early.
→…………………………………………………………………………...
3. Ed took some change from his pocket. He wanted to buy a newspaper.
→…………………………………………………………………………...
4. I wanted to listen to the news while I was making dinner. I turned on the TV.
→…………………………………………………………………………...
5. I unplugged the phone. I didn’t want to be interrupted while I was working.
→…………………………………………………………………………...
II/ Choose the best answer:

1. Peter studies hard _____pass the exam.
A. less B. so that C. to D. in order that
2. A small fish needs camouflage to hide itself _______its enemies cannot find it.
A. so that B. because C. therefore D. due to
3. He felt ill, _______he went to bed early.
A. and B. but C. or D. so
4. We decided to join the English speaking club ______ improve our English.
A. so that B. so to C. in order D. to
5. She worked hard ______ everything would be ready by 6 o’clock.
A. that B. for C. in order that D. so as to
6. He gave me his address __________me to visit.
A. so that B. in order for C. in order to D. in case
7. She got up early _________ miss the bus.
A. in order that B. so that C. not to D. for
8. Mr. Thompson is learning Vietnamese __________ to read Kim Van Kieu.
A. so that not B. so as to C. in order not to D. so as not to
9. They hurried _______ catch the train.
A. to not B. as not to C. in order that not D. to
10. We learn English _________ we will have better communication with other people.
A. so that B. in order for C. in order to D. in case
10. WH- questions
Các câu hỏi với từ để hỏi cho phép người nói tìm thêm thông tin về chủ đề mình quan tâm.
Các từ để hỏi theo thông tin muốn tìm có thể được liệt kê như sau:

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When? - Time => Hỏi thông tin về thời gian

Where? - Place => Hỏi thông tin về nơi chốn
Who? - Person => Hỏi thông tin về người
Why? - Reason => Hỏi lý do
How? - Manner => Hỏi cách thức, phương thức
What? – Object / Idea / Action =>Hỏi về vật / ý kiến / hành động
Các từ khác cũng có thể được sử dụng để hỏi các thông tin cụ thể:
Which (one)? - Choice of alternatives => Hỏi thông tin về sự lựa chọn
Whose? - Possession => Hỏi thông tin về sở hữu
Whom? - Person (objective formal) => Hỏi về người (ở dạng tân ngữ)
How much? - Price, amount (non-count) => Hỏi về giá cả, lượng (không đếm được)
How many? - Quantity (count) => Hỏi về lượng (đếm được)
How long? - Duration => Hỏi về thời gian
How often? - Frequency => Hỏi về mức độ thường xuyên
How far? - Distance => Hỏi về khoảng cách
What kind (of)?- Description => Yêu cầu mô tả thông tin
Exercises 1: Make questions with the underlined words/phrases

1. I received a letter from Lan last week.
2. Minh usually takes exercises after getting up.
3. I brush my teeth twice a day.
4. Nga has an appointment at 10.30 this morning.
5. She goes to bed at 9. p. m.
6. I began to study English 6 years ago.
7. They live in the city center.
8. I like ‘Tom and Jerry” because it’s very interesting.
9. Last night I went to disco with my friend.
10. She is worried about the next examination.
11. Music makes people different from all other animals.
12. They do their homework at night.
13. Mr. Robertson came to the party alone.
14. I like the red blouse, not the blue one.
15. That is an English book.
16. She talked to him for an hour.
17. He studies piano at the university.
18. It’s 0916818099.
19. My father is a teacher.
20. I’m fine, thanks.
Exercises 2: Choose the best answer a, b, c or d?

1. Do you know ___ language is spoken in Kenya?
a. which b. who c. what d. how
2. ___ is your blood type?

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3. ___ do you play tennis? For exercise.
4. ___ can I buy some milk? At the supermarket.
a. which b. who c. where d. how
5. ___ much do you weigh?
6. ___ hat is this? It's my brother's.
a. which b. whose c. what d. how
7. ___ can I park my car? Over there.
a. where b. who c. what d. how
8. ___ tall are you?
9. ___ do you expect me to do?
10. ___ do you like your tea? I like it with cream and sugar.
11. ___ picture do you prefer, this one or that one?
12. ___ is that woman? - I think she is a teacher.
a. which b. who c. when d. how
13. ___ book is this? It's mine.
a. which b. who c. whose d. how
14. ___ do you usually eat lunch? At noon.
a. which b. when c. what d. how
15. ___ you wash clothes every week?
16. ___ does your father work? At City Hall.
a. where b. who c. what d. how
17. ___ usually gets up the earliest in your family?
18. ___ do you think of this hotel? It's pretty good.
a. which b. why c. what d. how
19. ___ does your father work at that company? Because it's near our house.
a. which b. who c. why d. which
20. ___ dances the best in your family?

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11. Reported speech

Khi động từ tường thuật ở thì quá khứ, để đổi câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, ta đổi BA yếu tố là ngôi,
thì của động từ và trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn.
a. Ngôi:
- Đổi ngôi thứ NHẤT (I, me, my, mine &We, us ,our(s)) phù hợp với CHỦ NGỮ trong mệnh đề
chính
- Đổi ngôi thứ HAI (you , your(s)) phù hợp với TÂN NGỮ trong mệnh đề chính
- Ngôi thứ BA( he, him, his, she, her(s), it(s), they, them, their(s) ) không đổi
b. Thì và các trạng ngữ:
CÂU TRỰC TIẾP CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT

PRESENT SIMPLE PAST SIMPLE
PRESENT CONTINUOUS PAST CONTINUOUS ( S + was/were + V-ing)
PRESENT PERFECT / PAST PAST PERFECT (S + had + P.P)
SIMPLE
PAST CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
(S + had + been + v-ing)
Will / shall + bare inf Would / should + bare inf
Must + bare inf Had to + bare inf
Is / am/ are going to Was / were going to
Can / May Could / Might
This / these That / those
Now Then
Here There
Ago Before
The day after tomorrow In 2 days' time
The day before yesterday 2 days before
Today / tonight That day / that night
Tomorrow The day after / the following day / the next day
Yesterday The day before / the previous day
Last night / month / week / year The night / month / week / year before.
I. Commands: Câu mệnh lệnh

told / asked / begged / to inf
S+ warned / required / +O+
requested ... not to inf
Ex1: “Please give this book to him tomorrow”. I said to Lan

→ I told Lan to give that book to him the following day.
Ex2: The teacher said “Nam, don’t put your leg on the chair.”
→ The teacher asked Nam not to put his leg on the chair.

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Câu đề nghị ai đó giúp làm việc gì 1 cách lịch sự:

“ Would you mind + V-ing ...........?”
Would
Will
Can + you (please) + bare inf ......?
Could
S + asked / told + O + to inf ...

Ex: “Could you please show me the way to the market ?” The stranger said to the boy.
→ The stranger told / asked the boy to show him / her the way to the market.
II. Statements: Câu phát biểu:

told + O
S+ +S+V
said (to + O )
Ex1: Miss. Hoa said: “You should improve your English pronunciation, Lien”
→ Miss Hoa told Lien (that) she should improve her English pronunciation.
Ex2: “ I did my homework yesterday” Minh said.
→ Minh said he had done his homework the day before.
Ex3: "Linh is repairing your bike now” I said to Lan.
→ I told Lan (that) Linh was repairing her bike then.
III. Questions: Câu hỏi

1. WH – questions:
Ex: “ What are you doing now ?” I asked her.
I asked her what she was doing then.
2. Yes – No questions:
wanted to know question word + S + V ( WH-questions)
S+ wondered +
asked + O if / whether + S +V (Yes - No questions)
Ex: “Do you like classical music, Nam ?” Miss Hoa asked.
→ Miss Hoa asked Nam if he liked classical music.
IV. Những trường hợp không thay đổi thì của động từ:
a. Khi động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại hoặc tương lai
Ex: She says to me: "I like classical music".
→ She tells me she likes classical music.
b. Nếu câu trực tiếp là câu điều kiện loại 2 và loại 3
Ex: "If the weather were fine, we could go camping", Peter said.
→ Peter said if the weather were fine, they could go camping.
c. Nếu trong câu trực tiếp có các trợ động từ: should, would, could, ought to, might, used to, had
better
Ex: "You should practice speaking English every day" the teacher said to Mai.
→ The teacher said that Mai should practice speaking English every day.

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d. Thì quá khứ giả định (past subjunctive) vẫn giữ nguyên sau: (I) wish ..., would rather ..., It’s
time...
Ex: She said “I wish I had a lot of books.”
→ She told me she wished she had a lot of books.
e. Thì hiện tại đơn diễn tả 1 sự thật hiển nhiên, 1 chân lí
Ex: She said " Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius."
→ She said that water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
Tĩm tắt Câu gián tiếp (reported speech)

A/ Statements 1 * S + V1( said) + (that) + S2+ V2+( ADV of time/ place)
(Câu phát biểu) 2 * S + V1( told )+ O + (that) + S2+ V2+( ADV of time/ place)
B/ Commands 1* S+ V+ (not) + to infinitive

(Câu mệnh lệnh) (promise, (dis)agree, refuse, threaten, hope, expect, want, ask, wish,
need, dare, offer, plan, fail, swear, try, pretend, manage, intend, choose, fear,
demand, seem, tend…)
2* S + V + O + (not) + to infinitive
(ask, tell, order, beg, allow, remind, encourage, advise, invite, warn,
wish, want, command, force, suspect, forbid, need, permit,urge,
recommend…)
3* S + V +(prep) + Ving
(suggest, deny, detest, delay, postpone, fancy, imagine, keep, risk, avoid,
appreciate, admit, miss, practise, dislike, enjoy, save, hate, love, mind,
mention, prefer, object to, look forward to, apologize for, feel like, insist on,
think of, dream of, worry about, confess to, approve of…)
4* S + V + O + prep + Ving
(warn…against, blame…for, thank…for, accuse…of, congratulate … on,
discourage…from, forgive…for, prevent…from, stop… from, suspect…of…)
C1/ 1 * S + asked + (O) + wh-… + clause (S+V)

Wh-questions 2 * S + wondered + wh-… + clause (S+V)
3 * S + wanted to know + wh-… + clause (S+V)
C2/ 1 * S + asked + (O) + if / whether + clause (S+V)

Yes-no questions 2 * S + wondered + if /whether + clause (S+V)
3 * S + wanted to know + if / whether + clause (S+V)
EXERCISES:
I. (REPORTED SPEECH: STATEMENTS)
Change these sentences into Reported Speech:
1. Nam said “I am told to be at school before 7 o’clock”.
…………………………………………………………………………….
2. Thu said “All the students will have a meeting next week”.
…………………………………………………………………………….
3. Phong said “My parents are very proud of my good marks”.
…………………………………………………………………………….
4. The teacher said “All the homework must be done carefully”.
…………………………………………………………………………….
5. Her father said to her “You can go to the movie with your friend”.

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…………………………………………………………………………….
6. Hoa said “I may visit my parents in the summer”.
…………………………………………………………………………….
7. The teacher said “We can collect old books for the poor students”.
…………………………………………………………………………….
8. She said “He doesn’t buy this book”.
…………………………………………………………………………….
9. The boys said “We have to try our best to win the match”.
…………………………………………………………………………….
10. Her classmate said “Lan is the most intelligent girl in our class”.
…………………………………………………………………………….
II. (REPORTED SPEECH: YES/NO QUESTIONS)
Change these questions into Reported Speech:
1. “Do you enjoy reading?” Phong asked Peter
…………………………………………………………………………….
2. “Does she like sports?” Hoa asked Lan
…………………………………………………………………………….
3. “Do your sister and brother go to the same school?” She asked Nam
…………………………………………………………………………….
4. “Are there any oranges in the fridge?” She asked her mom
…………………………………………………………………………….
5. “Will it rain tomorrow morning?” He asked his friend
…………………………………………………………………………….
6. “Did you go to Hue three years ago?” Tam asked Peter
…………………………………………………………………………….
7. “Are Tam and Hoa late for class?” Tuan asked Lan
…………………………………………………………………………….
8. She said to me “Can you speak Chinese?”
…………………………………………………………………………….
9. “Will she be here for five days?” Tam asked Thu
…………………………………………………………………………….
10. “Are you reading now?” She asked Ba
…………………………………………………………………………….
III.(REPORTED SPEECH: WH-QUESTIONS)
1. “Where does your father work?” The teacher asked me
…………………………………………………………………………….
2. “How many people are there in your family?” She asked Lan
…………………………………………………………………………….
3. Tam’s friend asked him “How long will you stay in England?”
…………………………………………………………………………….
4. "Where have you been?" the mother asked her daughter.
…………………………………………………………………………….
5. Lien said to her teacher “What can we do to help him?”
…………………………………………………………………………….
6. “How did you go to the airport?” His friend asked him
…………………………………………………………………………….
7. “How much does this dress cost?” Lan asked Lien
…………………………………………………………………………….
8. Ba asked Tam “How often do you wash your clothes?”

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…………………………………………………………………………….
9. “When will your father leave Vietnam for the USA?” Phong asked Thu
…………………………………………………………………………….
10. “What are our children doing in the room ?”Mr. Nguyen asked his wife.
…………………………………………………………………………….
IV.(REPORTED SPEECH: IMPERATIVES)
1/ The manager said : “ Come into my office, please.”
…………………………………………………………………………….
2/ The teacher said to us : “Don’t make so much noise.”
…………………………………………………………………………….
3/ Mr.Green said : “Please come to our dinner tonight, Bill.”
…………………………………………………………………………….
4/ Susan said to Tom : “Don’t call me again at this late hour.”
…………………………………………………………………………….
5/ She said to the boy : “Show me what you have in your hand.”
…………………………………………………………………………….
6/ The policeman ordered : “Stay where you are and don’t touch anything.”
…………………………………………………………………………….
7/ The old lady said : “Will you please water these flowers for me.”
…………………………………………………………………………….
8/ She said : “Don’t leave your coat on this chair.”
…………………………………………………………………………….
9/ She said to him : “Don’t speak to me like that and behave yourself.”
…………………………………………………………………………….
10/ Peter said : “Would you mind lending me your dictionary till next Monday.”
…………………………………………………………………………….
V.Choose the best option that best completes each sentence:
1/. Ba told me that he was leaving for the capital _____________.
A. tomorrow B. the following week C. tonight D. next Sunday
2/. They asked me how many children_______________ .
A. I had B. had I C. I have D. have I
3/. Thu said she had been_____________ the day before.
A. here B. there C. in this place D. where
4/. They told their parents that they______________ their best to do the test.
A. try B. will try C. are trying D. would try
5/. She______________ me whether I liked classical music or not.
A. ask B. asks C. asked D. asking
6/. He asked me who the editor of that book____________ .
A. was B. were C. is D. has been
7/. He wants to know whether I_____________ back tomorrow.
A. come B. came C. will come D. would come
8/. I wonder why he______________ love his family.
A. doesn’t B. don’t C. didn’t D. hasn’t
9/ “I didn’t witness that accident.”
A. He denied not having witnessed that accident. B. He denied having witnessed that accident.
C. He denied not having witnessing that accident. D. He denied not had witnessed that accident.
10/ “Would you like to join our team?”, he said.
A. He said to me would you like to join our team. B. He told me if I would like to join their team.
C. He invited me to join their team. D. He asked me if I would like to join our team

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11/ “You cheated in the exam.” The teacher said to his students
A. The teacher insisted his students on cheating in the exam.
B. The teacher prevented his students from cheating in the exam.
C. The teacher advised his students to cheat in the exam.
D. The teacher accused his students of cheating in the exam.
12/ “Don’t touch that flower.” the old lady said to the boy.
A. The old lady wanted the boy not to touching that flower.
B. The old lady insisted the boy on touching that flower.
C. The old lady warned the boy against touching that flower.
D. The old lady congratulated the boy on touching that flower.
13/ “Let’s go on a walk holiday!” said Jane.
A. Jane suggested going on a walking holiday. B. Jane wanted us to go on a walking holiday.
C. Jane invited us to go on a walking holiday. D. Jane allowed us to go on a walking
holiday.
14/ " Don't forget to give the book back to Mary," he said to me.
A. He reminded me to give the book back to Mary.
B. He reminded me to forget to give the book back to Mary.
C. He advised me to give the book back to Mary.
D. He advised me to forget to give the book back to Mary.
15/“If I were you, I would take the job”, said my friend.
A. My friend was thinking about taking the job. B. My friend insisted on taking the job for me.
C. My friend advised me to take the job. D. My friend introduced the idea of taking the job to me.
12. Enough/Too ... to inf – Used to/ Be (get) used to

A. Structure:
S + be + adj/adv + enough + (for + O) + to-infinitive
Ex: a. He is tall enough to play volleyball.
b. He drives carefully enough to be safe.
c. The weather was fine enough for us to go on a picnic.
Note: enough còn có vị trí khác là đứng trước danh từ
Enough + Noun
Ex: enough time, enough money…
TOO + Adj / Adv + (For someone) + TO + Infinitive (quá…đến nỗi không..)
EX - It is too late to go to the movies.

- The lecture was too boring for us to listen to.
- He spoke too fast for me to understand him.
Cách biến đổi
- Ta đổi: TOO + Adj/Adv  Not + trái nghĩa của ADJ/ADV + Enough.
- Chú ý một số tính từ trái nghĩa thường gặp:
1 Bad : Xấu ≠ Good, fine : Tốt, đẹp
2 Beautiful : Đẹp ≠ Ugly Xấu xí
3 Big : Bự, lớn ≠ Small Nhỏ
4 Bright,light : Sáng ≠ Dark : Tối
5 Busy : Bận rộn ≠ Free : Rảnh rỗi
6 Careful(ly) : Cẩn thận ≠ Careless(ly) : Bất cẩn
7 Cheap : Rẻ ≠ Expensive : Mắc, đắt tiền

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8 Clever : Khéo léo ≠ Silly, stupid : Ngớ ngẩn

9 Cloudy : Có mây ≠ Couldless : Không có mây
10 Cold : Lạnh lẽo ≠ Hot : Nóng
11 Cool : Mát mẻ ≠ Warm : Ấm áp
12 Difficult : Khó ≠ Easy : Dễ
13 Dirty : Bẩn thỉu ≠ Clean, pure : Sạch, trong lành
14 Dry : Khơ ≠ Wet : Ướt
15 Early : Sớm ≠ Late : Trễ
16 Empty : Trống ≠ Full : Đầy
17 Excited : Hay ≠ Bored : Buồn, dở
18 Far : Xa ≠ Near : Gần
19 Fast : Nhanh ≠ Slow : Chậm chạp
20 Strong mạnh Weak Yếu
21 Happy : Vui ≠ Sad, bored : Buồn
22 Hard : Cứng/ khó ≠ Soft/ easy : Mềm/ dễ
23 High : Cao ≠ Low : Thấp
24 Hungry : Đói ≠ Full : No
25 Large : Lớn ≠ Small : Nhỏ
26 Lazy : Lười biếng ≠ Hard-working : Siêng năng
27 Light : Nhẹ ≠ Heavy : Nặng
28 Long : Dài ≠ Short : Ngắn
29 Noisy : Ồn ào ≠ Quiet : Yên tịnh
30 Old : Cũ/ già ≠ New/young : Mới/ trẻ
31 Polluted : ô nhiễm ≠ Pure : Trong lành
32 Poor : Nghèo ≠ Rich : Giàu
33 Quick(ly) : Nhanh ≠ Slow(ly) : Chậm
34 Right : Đúng ≠ Wrong : Sai
Exercise
I. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D:
1/ Peter didn’t arrive in time to see her.
A. Peter wasn’t early enough to see her.
B. Peter wasn’t enough early to see her.
C. Peter wasn’t too early to see her.
D. Peter was so late that I can’t see her.
2/ The lesson is easy enough for us to understand it
A B C D
3/ The book is so expensive that she can’t buy it.
A. The book is too expensive for her to buy.
B. The book isn’t cheap enough for her to buy it.
C. It is such expensive book that she can’t buy it.
D. All are correct
4/ eight hours/ John/ be/ old/ work/ a day/ enough
A. John is old enough to work eight hours a day.
B. John is old enough working eight hours a day.
C. John is enough old working eight hours a day.
D. John is enough old to work eight hours a day.
5/ The Switch was too high for him to catch.
A. He wasn’t tall enough for reaching the switch.

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B. He wasn’t tall enough to reach the switch.

C. He wasn’t enough tall to reach the switch.
D. He wasn’t so tall that to reach the switch.
6/ The switch is ……… high for her to reach
A. very B. too C. enough D. so
7/ Would to be ……… to hold the door open ?
A. too kind B. kind enough C. as kind D. so kind
8/ The car is too expensive for him to buy
A. He is not rich enough to buy a car
B. He is not rich enough to buy the car
C. He is not rich enough to buy car
D. He is poor enough to buy the car
9/ These televisions are all too expensive for we to buy at this time, but perhaps we will return later.
A B C D
10/ They are not ……… to take part in this program of the World Health Organization.
A. old enough B. enough old C. so old D. as old
11/ Paul was …… disappointed with his examination results that he was sad all week.
A. too B. enough C. so D. such
12.They are not …… to join the army.
A. old enough B. so old C. enough old D. as old
13. We’re eighteen, so we’re …… vote.
A. too old to B. old enough to C. young enough to D. old enough for
14. They spoke …… for us to understand.
A. slow enough B. so slowly C. slowly so D. slowly enough
15. weather / bad /us / go/ picnic
A. The weather was so bad for us to go on a picnic.
B. The weather was too bad for us to go on a picnic.
C. The weather was bad enough for us to go on a picnic.
D. The weather was such bad for us to go on a picnic.
16/ The story is short enough for her to read.
A. It is such a short story that she can read it.
B. It is such a short story that she can read.
C. The story is too short for her to read.
D. It is such a short story for her to read.
17/ Your brother is too young to see the horror film.
A. Your brother is so young for him to see the horror film.
B. Your brother is very young that he can’t see the horror film.
C. Your borther is not old enough to see the horror film.
D. Your brother is old enough for him to see the horror film.
18/ The dress is not big enough for her to wear.
A. The dress is too small for her to wear.
B. The dress is so small that she can’t wear it.
C. It is such a small dress that she can’t wear it.
D. All are correct
19/ Daisy isn’t old enough to get married.
A. Daisy isn’t as old as she get married.
B. Daisy isn’t too young for her to get married.
C. Daisy is too young to get married.
D. Daisy is so young for her to get married

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20/ The shirt isn’t large enough for him to wear.

A. The shirt is so small that he can’t wear.
B. The shirt is so small for him to wear.
C. It is such a small shirt for him to wear.
D. The shirt is too small for him to wear.
II. Combine these pairs of sentences, using the structure with “Enough” with the words given:
1/ I can’t wear this coat in winter. It is not warm.
 This coat............................................................................................................................
2/ Don’t stand on that chair. It is not strong.
That chair...........................................................................................................................
3/ Two people can’t sleep in this bed. It is not wide.
This bed..............................................................................................................................
4/ The film was very interesting. We saw it through.
The film..............................................................................................................................
5/ The boy is very intelligent. He can understand you.
The boy..............................................................................................................................
6/ He didn’t speak English clearly. Everyone couldn’t understand him.
He.......................................................................................................................................
7/ The girl is not clever. She can’t mend this shirt.
The girl...............................................................................................................................
8/ The book is very exciting. You should read it.
The book............................................................................................................................
9/ These songs are very simple. Everybody can sing them.
These songs........................................................................................................................
10/ The weather was very good. We went swimming.
The weather............................................................................................................................
11/ He didn’t get the job. He wasn’t experienced.
He.......................................................................................................................................
12/ Three people can’t sit on this sofa. It isn’t large.
This sofa.............................................................................................................................
III. Rewrite the following sentences, using the structure “Enough….” with the words given:
13/ It was such an intersting novel that I read it many times.
The novel...........................................................................................................................
14/ This question is so easy that we can answer.
This question......................................................................................................................
15/ The water was so cold that the children could not swim in it.
The water was not..............................................................................................................
16/ IT was such a light box that he could carry it.
The box..............................................................................................................................
17/ The work is so hard that he asks his friend for some help.
The work............................................................................................................................
18/ It was such good weather that we went on a picnic.
The weather........................................................................................................................
19/ I won’t swim in the sea because it’s too cold.
The sea...............................................................................................................................
20/ It is such a simple song that she can sing it
The song...............................................................................................................................

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B. USED TO – BE (GET) USED TO:

- “Used to + infinitive” dùng để diễn tả một thói quen ở quá khứ.
Ex: He used to swim when he was six.
Ở đây “used to” có nghĩa là “thường, đã từng”.
- “be (get) used to + v-ing”: quen với, (trở nên quen với).
Ex: My mother is used to getting up early everyday.
He got used to walking five kilometers a day because he’s lost his
bicycle.
- “be (get) used to + Noun”
Ex: Tom has got used to the cold weather since he came here.
S+ use + noun (sử dụng)

used to + bare inf. (thường/ đã từng)
be used to + V-ing/ noun (phrase) (quen với)
get used to + V-ing/ noun (phrase) ( quen dần với)
be used for + V-ing (…được dùng để…)
Exercise:
I/ Put in used to + infinitive , be/ get used to + V-ing or be used for Use the verbs in brackets.
1. When I was a child. I ………………………… (dream) of being an astronaut.
2. I’m terribly nervous. I ………………………… (not/ speak) to a large audience.
3. It took us ages to …………………………… (live) in an apartment house.
4. Lots of trains …………………………… (stop) here, but not many do now.
5. Didn’t Nick …………………………… (work) on a building site?
6. I’ll have an orange juice, please. I……………… (not/ drink) alcohol.
7. When Laura was at college, she ……………… (have) a picture of Elvis Presley on her bedroom wall.
8. There …………………………… (be) a cinema here but it was knocked down a few years ago.
9. When she arrived in Britain, she ………………… (not/ drive) on the left, but she soon got used to it.
10. I …………………………… (live) in Finland, but now I live in France.
11. I …………………………… (sit) at this desk. I sit here every day.
12. I ……………………… (sit) in the back of the classroom, but now I prefer to sit in the front row.
13. People …………………………… (believe) the earth was flat.
14. Trains …………………………… (be) the main means of cross-continental travel. Today, most
people take airplanes for long-distance travel.
15. Ms. Stanton’s job requires her to travel extensively throughout the world. She
…………………………… (travel) by plane.
II/ Choose the best option A, B, C or D to complete the sentence.

1. When I was a child, I …………………………… like ice-cream, but I don’t like it now.
A. am used to B. used to C. use D. am used for
2. Shampoo ………………………washing your hair.
A. is used to B. gets used to C. is used for D. uses
3. I ……………………………wearing glasses.
A. am used to B. used to C. use D. am used for
4. We live in the capital now but we …………………
live in a small village.
A. used to B. are used to C. use D. get used to
5. Gold …………………………… making jewelries.
A. gets used to B. uses C. used to D. is used for

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6. The baby ………………………… getting up early.

A. used to B. don’t get used to C. is not used to D. is used for
7. Cheques and credit cards ………………………… storing wealth.
A. use B are used for C. used to D. get used to
8. Jack doesn’t smoke any more but he ……………………………… smoke 20 cigarettes a day.
A. uses B. is used to C. is used for D. used to
9. Money …………………………… buy food, furniture and other things.
A. is used for B. used to C. uses D. is used to
10. She usually …………………………… dictionary to find the meaning of difficult words.
A. is used to B. is used for C. used to D. uses
11. He ……………………………reading newspaper in the morning.
A. used to B. is used C. is used for D. gets used to
12. A raincoat …………………………… protecting us from rain.
A. is used to B. used to C. is used for D. uses
13. …………………………… eat sweet a lot when you were a child?
A. You used to B. Are you used to C. Did you use to D. Did you use
14.Even though Jackson is only 12, he ……flying on airplanes. His father is a pilot and has taken
Jackson with him in a plane many times.
A. is used for B. is used C. gets used to D. used to
15. Michael ………………… taking care of himself. He left home when he was 15 and
has been on his own ever since.
A. is used to B. gets used C. is used for D. used to
13. Phrasal verbs

SOME COMMON PHRASAL VERBS ( MỘT SỐ CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ THƯỜNG GẶP )
1. catch up / catch up with : bắt kịp , theo kịp .

2. cool off ( nhiệt tình ) nguội lạnh đi , giảm đi .
3. fall behind : thụt lui , tụt lại đằng sau .
4. fill in : điền vào , ghi vào .
5. get over : vượt qua, khắc phục = recover from
6. get up : thức dậy .
7. give in : nhượng bộ , chịu thua .
8. give up = stop : từ bỏ , bỏ
9. go away : biến mất , tan đi .
10. go in : vào , đi vào .
11. go off ( chuông ) : reo , ( sung , bom ) : nổ , ( sữa ) : chua, hỏng , ( thức ăn ) : ươn,
thối , ( đèn ) tắt , ( máy móc ) : hư = explore
12. go on = continue : tiếp tục ** go over : xem xét
13. go out ( ánh sáng , lửa , đèn ) : tắt
14. go up : lớn lên , trưởng thành = grow up , ( giá cả) : tăng lên
15. go down : (giá cả) : giảm xuống
16. go after : theo đuổi
17. go by ( thời gian ) : trôi qua
18. hold up = stop =delay : hoãn lại , ngừng
19. hurry up : làm gấp

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20. keep up with : theo kịp , bắt kịp .

21. lie down : nằm nghỉ
22. look after : chăm sóc
23. look up : tìm , tra cứu ( trong sách , từ điển )
24. look for : tìm kiếm
25. put on : mặc ( quần áo ) , mang ( giày ) , đội ( mũ) , mở ( đèn )
26. speak up : nói to , nói thẳng
27. take after = resemble : giống
28. take off : cởi ( quần áo , giày , mũ ) ; (máy bay) cất cánh
29. try out : thử )
30. turn off : khóa , tắt ( đèn , máy móc , động cơ …)
31. turn round : quay lại , thay đổi hướng
32. try on : mặc thử ( quần áo)
33. turn on : mở ( đèn , máy móc , động cơ …)
34. turn up : đến = arrive = appear ( xuất hiện )
35. wait up ( for ) : thức đợi ai
36. wash up : rửa bát đĩa .
37. watch out : đề phòng , chú ý
38. Put off= delay/ postpone
39. look out = be careful
40. look at : nhìn
1.What may happen if John will not arrive in time?

A go along B . count on C keep away D. turn up
2.Johnny sometimes visits his grandparents in the countryside.
A. calls on B. keeps off C. takes in D. goes up
3.They decided to postpone their journey till the end of the month because of the epidemic.
A. take up B. turn round C. put off D. do with
4.I do not use those things any more. You can _______ them away.
A get B. fall C throw D. make
5.They were late for work because their car _______ down.
A got B. put C. cut D. broke
6.At the station, we often see the sigh “________ for pickpockets”.
A. watch on B. watch out C. watch up D. watch at
7.. I am late because my alarm clock didn’t _________ this morning.
A. come on B. ring out C. go off D. turn on
8.UNESCO _____ United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
A. stands for B. brings about C. takes after D gets across
9.Don't forget to ________ your gloves on. It is cold outside.
A let B . make C put D. fix
10.The passengers had to wait because the plane ______ off one hour late.
A. took B. turned C. cut D. made
11.The bomb exploded in the garage; fortunately no one hurt.
A put on B. went off C got out D kept up
12.My father still hasn’t really recovered from the death of my mother.
A went over B. got over C. took over D looked over

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13.I can’t _____ walking. Can we stop and have a short rest?
A go on B. get on C. go up D. get up
14.When you are finished using the computer, can you please ______ it off.
A take B . turn C . do D go
15.If you want to be healthy . you should ………….your bad habits in your lifestyles
A give up B call off C break down D get over
14. Prepositions
Giới từ là từ hay cụm từ thường được dùng trước danh từ hay đại từ để chỉ mối liên hệ giữa các từ
này với các thành phần khác trong câu.
I. Các loại giới từ (Kinds of preposition):
1. Giới từ chỉ thời gian (Prepositions of time):
• IN (trong, vào) được dùng để chỉ các buổi trong ngày (ngoại trừ at night), tháng, năm, mùa, thập niên,
thế kỷ hoặc khoảng thời gian ở tương lai.
Ex: in the morning, in January, in 1990, in the summer, in the 1990s, in the 20th century,
in the Middle Age, in ten minutes
IN TIME: đúng lúc, kịp lúc
Ex: Will you be home in time for dinner?
• AT (vào lúc) được dùng để chỉ thời điểm hoặc các kỳ nghỉ (tòan bộ những ngày trong kỳ nghỉ)
Ex: at 6 o’clock, at night, at noon, at midnight, at bedtime, at dawn, at the weekend,
at Christmas, at New Year, at Easter
At : được dùng trong một số cụm từ chỉ thời gian: at the moment, at present, at the same time, at once,
at that time, at first, at last
• ON (vào) được dùng để chỉ ngày trong tuần, ngày tháng trong năm, ngày trong kỳ nghỉ hoặc các buổi
trong ngày cụ thể.
Ex: on Monday, on 5th January, on Christmas Day, on Monday morning, on one’s birthday
ON TIME: đúng giờ
Ex: The train arrived right on time.
• FOR (trong) + khoảng thời gian: for two months, for a long time
• SINCE (từ, từ khi) + mốc thời gian: since last Monday, since 2002
• UNTIL/ TILL (đến, cho đến): until 5 o’clock, till midnight
• BEFORE (trước, trước khi): before lunchtime
• AFTER (sau, sau khi): after luchtime
• DURING (trong, suốt): during World War II
• BY (vào lúc): by the end of May
• FROM … TO (từ … đến): from morning to noon
2. Giới từ chỉ nơi chốn (Prepositions of place):
• AT (ở, tại) được dùng để chỉ vị trí tại một điểm.
Ex: at home, at school, at the bus stop, at the airport, at the office, at the cinema, at the seaside, at the
grocer’s, at the top/ bottom, at the beginning/ end, at the front/ back
* Lưu ý: arrive at the village/ the airport/ the railway station
But: arrive in Vietnam/ Ho Chi Minh City
• IN (trong, ở trong) được dùng để chỉ vị trí trong một diện tích, một không gian; dùng trước tên đường,
tên thị trấn, thành phố, quốc gia, miền, phương hướng hoặc dùng với các phương tiện đi lại bằng xe hơi
(car).
Ex: in a box, in a small room, in the countryside, in the world, in Oxford Street, in London, in Vietnam,
in the east, in a car/ taxi
* Lưu ý: in a car (trong xe hơi), but: by car (bằng xe hơi)

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• ON (trên, ở trên) được dùng để chỉ vị trí trên bề mặt, số tầng trong một tòa nhà, trước tên đường (US)
hoặc dùng với một số phương tiện đi lại.
Ex: on the table, on the wall, on the ground, on the first floor, on Albert Street, on a bus/ train/ plane/
(motor)bike/ horse, on foot
On cịn được dùng trong một số cụm từ: on the left/ right, on the farm, on the coast/ beach, on TV/
radio…
• ABOVE/ OVER (bên trên – không tiếp xúc với bề mặt)
Ex: Her name comes above mine on the list.
The sign over the door said: “Exit”.
• UNDER/ BELOW (ở dưới, dưới)

Ex: The shoes are under the chair.
The temperature has fallen below zero.
• IN FRONT OF (ở phía trước), BEHIND (ở phía sau), IN THE MIDDLE OF (ở giữa)
Ex: I hung my raincoat in front of/ behind the door.
• NEAR (gần)
Ex: Is there a train station near here?
• NEXT TO, BY, BESIDE (bên cạnh, kế bên)
Ex: Peter is standing by the gate.
• BETWEEN (ở giữa hai người/ vật), AMONG (ở giữa nhiều người/ vật)
Ex: Tom is sitting between Mary and Peter.
Tom is among the crowd.
• INSIDE (ở bên trong), OUTSIDE (ở bên ngòai)
Ex: Luckily, no one was inside the building when it collapsed.
• OPPOSITE (đối diện)
Ex: They sat opposite each other.
3. Giới từ chỉ sự chuyển động (Prepositions of movement):
• TO (đến)
Ex: He goes to school by bus.
• FROM … TO (từ … đến)
Ex: How far is it from New York to California?
• THROUGH (xuyên qua)
Ex: They walked through the woods.
• ACROSS (ngang qua)
Ex: The children ran straight across in front of our car.
• ROUND/ AROUND (quanh)
Ex: The earth moves round/ around the sun.
• ALONG (dọc theo)
Ex: We had a walk along the river bank.
• UP (lên)/ DOWN (xuống)
Ex: We followed her up the stair.
• TOWARD(S) (về phía)
Ex: Mary stood up and walked towards Peter.
4. Một số giới từ khác:
- Giới từ chỉ mục đích: for, to, in order to, so as to (để)
- Giới từ chỉ nguyên nhân: for, because of, owning to (bởi vì)
- Giới từ chỉ phương tiện: by, with (bằng), through (nhờ qua)
- Giới từ chỉ thể cách: with ( với), without (không có)
- Giới từ chỉ sự tương quan: according to (tùy theo), instead of (thay vì), in spite of (mặc dù)

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II. Giới từ theo sau danh từ, tính từ và động từ (Prepositions following nouns, adjectives, and
verbs):
1. Noun + preposition:
FOR
affection for: yêu mến need for: sự cần thiết cho
demand for: nhu cầu về reputation for: sự nổi tiếng
reason for: lý do về regret for: nuối tiếc
responsibility for: trách nhiệm admiration for: khâm phục
talent for: tài năng desire for: sự mong muốn
cure for: việc chữa trị cho
IN
rise in: phát triển, tăng increase in: phát triển, tăng
decresase in: giảm belief in: tin
experience in: có kinh nghiệm interest in: thích, quan tâm
delay in: trì hõan
OF
cause of: nguyên nhân advantage/ disadvantage of: thuận lợi/ bất lợi
knowledge of: kiến thức lack of: thiếu
opinion of: ý kiến benefit of: lợi ích
example of: ví dụ sense of: ý thức
TO
damage to: sự hư hại đối với invitation to: lời mời
reaction to: phản ứng solution to: giải pháp
attitude to: thái độ access to: phương tiện
threat to: đe dọa reply to: đáp lại
ON
effect on: ảnh hưởng influence on: ảnh hưởng
advice on: khuyên report on: báo cáo
WITH
relationship with: mối quan hệ connection with: sự liên quan với
contact with: sự tiếp xúc với association with: sự kết giao với
link with: liên kết với trouble with: có vấn đề với
BETWEEN
difference between: sự khác biệt comparison between: so sánh
2. Adjective + preposition:
ABOUT
annoyed (with sb) about: bực tức excited about: hào hứng
anxious/ worried about: lo lắng furious about: điên tiết về
careful about: cẩn thận về happy about: hạnh phúc
careless about: bất cẩn về sad/ upset about: buồn/ thất vọng
concerned about: quan tâm serious about: nghiêm túc về
confused about: nhầm lẩn về sorry about/ for: xin lỗi về
AT
amazed at: kinh ngạc về good at: dở về (good for: tốt cho)
bad at: dở về (bad for: xấu cho) quick at: nhanh nhẹn về
clever at: khéo léo về skillful at: khéo léo về
excellent at: xuất sắc về surprised at: ngạc nhiên về
FOR
available for: có sẵn late for: trễ

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eager for: nóng lòng chờ necessary for: cần thiết cho
eligible for: xứng đáng cho responsible for: chịu trách nhiệm
famous for: nổi tiếng useful for: có ích cho
known for: nổi tiếng
FROM
absent from: vắng mặt ở free from/ of: thóat khỏi
different from: khác với safe from: an tòan
IN
disappointed in/ with: thất vọng involved in: có liên quan
interested in: quan tâm rich in: giàu có, phong phú
successful in: thành công
OF
afraid of: sợ full of: đầy
ahead of: đi trước guilty of: có tội
ashamed of: hổ thẹn independent of: độc lập
aware/ conscious of: ý thức jealous of: ghen tị
capable of: có khả năng proud of: tự hào
certain of/ about: chắc về scared of: hoảng sợ
confident of: tự tin short of: cạn kiệt
envious of: ghen tị sure of: chắc
fond of: thích tired of: chán
frightened of: sợ typical of: tiêu biểu
TO
accustomed to: quen grateful to sb for sth: biết ơn
addicted to: nghiện opposed to: phản đối
committed to: tận tụy harmful to: có hại cho
contrary to: trái với important to: quan trọng với
dedicated to: tận tụy married to: thành hơn với
devoted to: tận tâm open to: mở ra cho
equal to: bằng với similar to: tương tự với
essential to/ for: cần thiết cho
WITH
acquainted with: quen với friendly with: thân thiện
angry with/ at sb about sth: giận happy with/ about: hạnh phúc về
angry with/ at sb for doing sth: giận honest with: thành thật với
bored with/ fed up with: chán với identical with: giống hệt với
busy with: bận rộn với impatient with: mất kiên nhẫn với
crowded with: đông đúc patient with: kiên nhẫn với
disappointed with: thất vọng pleased/ satisfied with: hài lòng với
familiar with: quen thuộc với popular with: phổ biến với
OF/ TO
generous/ good/ kind/ nice/ polite/ rude/ stupid… to sb
generous/ good/ kind/ nice/ polite/ rude/ stupid… of sb to do sth
3. Verb + preposition:
ABOUT
care about sb/ sth: coi trọng remind sb about sth: nhắc ai nhớ
(care for: thích) (remind sb of sb/ sth: gợi ai nhớ đến)
complain about: phàn nàn talk about sb/ sth: nói chuyện về
dream about/ of sb/ sth: mơ về tell sb about sb/ sth: nói với ai về

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forget about: quên think about/ of sb/ sth: nghĩ về

hear about sth: nghe nói về warn sb about/ of sth: cảnh báo về
(hear from sb: nghe tin tức của ai) worry about: lo lắng
learn about: biết
AT
aim (sth) at sb/ sth: nhắm vào shout at sb: la mắng ai
arrive at/ in: đến tại (shout to sb: goi lớn ai)
glance at sb/ sth: liếc nhìn smile at sb: mỉm cười với ai
laugh at sb: cười nhạo ai stare at sb/ sth: nhìn chăm chú
look at sb/ sth: nhìn vào throw sth at sb: ném mạnh vào ai
point (sth) at sb/ sth: chĩa vào (throw sth to sb: ném cho ai bắt)
FOR
apply for sth: nộp đơn xin leave (a place) for: rời.... để đi đến
account for: giải thích look for sb/ sth: tìm kiếm
apologize for: xin lỗi (look after sb/ sth: chăm sóc)
ask sb for sth: yêu cầu ai về pay for sth: trả tiền cho
blame sb for sth: đổ lỗi cho ai về search for sb/ sth: tìm kiếm
excuse for: xin lỗi thank sb for (doing) sth: cảm ơn
forgive sb for (doing) sth: tha thứ wait for sb/ sth: chờ đợi
hope for sth: hy vọng về
FROM
escape from: trốn thóat khỏi protect sb from sth: bảo vệ
prevent sb from (doing) sth: ngăn chặn suffer from sth: chịu, bị (bệnh, đau khổ…)
IN
believe in sb/ sth: tin vào specialize in sth: chuyên về
participate in: tham gia succeed in (doing) sth: thành công về
INTO
crash into: tông, đụng vào divide/ split into: chia ra
cut into: cắt ra thành translate (from a language) into: dịch ra
OF
accuse sb of (doing) sth: buộc tội ai disapprove of sth: không đồng ý
approve of: đồng ý, chấp thuận hear of: nghe tin
consist of sb/ sth: bao gồm suspect sb of (doing) sth: nghi ngờ
die of/ from: chết vì think of: nghĩ về
ON
concentrate on sth: tập trung vào live onsb/ sth: sống nhờ vào
congratulate sb on (doing) sth: chúc mừng plan on: kế hoạch
comment on: phê bình rely on: tin cậy
depend on: phụ thuộc spend (money) on sth: tiêu (tiền)
insist on (doing) sth: nài nỉ
TO
adapt to: thích nghi explain sth to sb: giải thích cho ai
add to: thêm vào happen to sb/ sth: xảy ra với
adjust to: điều chỉnh listen to: lắng nghe
apologize to sb for (doing) sth: xin lỗi ai về object to: phản đối
complain to sb about sth: phàn nàn prefer … to …: thích … hơn
describe sth to sb: mô tả cho ai talk/ speak to sb: nói với
devote to: cống hiến

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WITH
agree with: đồng ý fill with: làm đầy
argue with: cãi nhau với provide sb with sth: cung cấp
collide with: tông, đụng vào (provide sth for sb: cung cấp)
communicate with: giao tiếp supply sb with sth: cung cấp
compare with/to: so sánh (supply sth to sb: cung cấp)
EXERCISES
I. Fill in each blank with the correct preposition.
1. The price of electricity is going up _____ August.
2. They came to visit us _____ my birthday.
3. Did you have a good time _____ Christmas?
4. The children are really excited _____ their summer vacation.
5. We were very disappointed _____ the organization of the festival.
6. John missed a lot of lessons. He was ill _____ January to March.
7. Helen had said goodbye to everybody in the class _____ she left for the hometown.
8. My cat is very fond _____ fish.
9. I waited _____ 10 o’clock and then went home.
10. I can’t remember exactly when the accident happened. I think it was _____ nine and half past nine.
11. Are you acquainted _____ the lady?
12. _____ the children left, the house was very quiet.
13. These photographs were taken _____ a friend of mine.
14. The river Rhine flows _____ the North sea.
15. I shall meet you _____ the corner _____ the street.
16. I always come _____ school _____ foot.
17. He had learned the whole poem _____ heart.
18. He has waited _____ her for a long time.
19. He’s not very keen _____ watching football, but his wife is.
20. Are you worried _____ the final examination?
II. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
1. _____ time _____ time I will examine you on the work you have done.
A. From / to B. At / to C. In / to D. With / to
2. This village is inhabited _____ tens of thieves.
A. with B. to C. by D. for
3. God has bestowed _____ me many graces.
A. on B. for C. to D. with
4. Make a comment _____ this sentence!
A. to B. in C. on D. about
5. He’s a very wealthy man; a few hundred pounds is nothing _____ him.
A. for B. with C. to D. about
6. She does not show much affection _____ him.
A. with B. in C. for D. to
7. The clerk _____ that counter said those purses were _____ sale.
A. in/ for B. at/ on C. at/ in D. on/ on
8. Someone broke into the shop and made _____ with several TVs and videos.
A. of B. up C. out D. off
9. Old people like to descant _____ past memories.

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A. in B. with C. on D. for
10. You should comply _____ the school rules.
A. to B. about C. with D. in
11. The people next door are furious _____ us _____ making so much noise last night.
A. at/ with B. with/ for C. for/ to D. about/ in
12. The Vietnamese participants always take part _____ sports events with great enthusiasm.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
13. He isn’t independent _____ any means. He depends _____ his father _____ everything.
A. by/ on/ in B. for/ on/ in C. of/ in/ for D. on/ in/ with
14. He may be quick _____ understanding but he isn’t capable _____ remembering anything.
A. in/ of B. on/ at C. at/ of D. of/ at
15. Mum is always busy _____ her work in the laboratory.
A. with B. at C. in D. of
16 Lan will stay there _____ the beginning in September _____ November.
A. from/ to B. till/ to C. from/ in D. till/ of
17. I would like to apply _____ the position of sales clerk that you advised in the Sunday newspaper.
A. for B. to C. with D. in
18. I have been looking _____ this book for months, and at last, I have found it.
A. over B. up C. for D. at
19. My sister is very fond _____ eating chocolate candy.
A. of B. with C. about D. at
20. Who’s going to look _____ the children while you’re away?
A. at B. up C. after D. over
15. Articles
Indefinite articles (Mạo từ không xác định "a" và "an")
 Dùng "an" trước một danh từ bắt đầu bằng:
 4 nguyên âm A, E, I, O.
 2 bán nguyên âm U, Y. (uncle, unnatural, umbrella)
 Những danh từ bắt đầu bằng "h" câm (an heir/ hour/ herbal (Adj: thảo mộc)/ honor)
 Những từ mở đầu bằng một chữ viết tắt (an S.O.S/ an M.P)
 Lưu ý: Đứng trước một danh từ mở đầu bằng "uni..." phải dùng "a" (a university/ a uniform/
universal/ union) (Europe, eulogy (lời ca ngợi), euphemism (lối nói trại), eucalyptus (cây
khuynh diệp) )
 Dùng "a" trước danh từ bắt đầu bằng một phụ âm.
 Được dùng trước một danh từ không xác định về mặt vị trí/ tính chất/ đặc điểm hoặc được nhắc đến
lần đầu tiên trong câu.
 Dùng trong các thành ngữ chỉ số lượng nhất định như: a lot of/a great deal of/a couple/a dozen.
 Dùng trước những số đếm nhất định thường là hàng ngàn, hàng trăm như a/one hundred - a/one
thousand.
 Dùng trước "half" (một nửa) khi nó theo sau một đơn vị nguyên vẹn: a kilo and a half, hay khi nó đi
ghép với một danh từ khác để chỉ nửa phần (khi viết có dấu gạch nối): a half - share, a half - holiday
(ngày lễ chỉ nghỉ nửa ngày).
 Dùng với các đơn vị phân số như 1/3 a/one third - 1/5 a /one fifth.
 Dùng trong các thành ngữ chỉ giá cả, tốc độ, tỉ lệ: $5 a kilo, 60 kilometers an hour, 4 times a day.

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 Dùng trước các danh từ số ít đếm được. trong các thán từ what a nice day/ such a long life.
 A + Mr/ Mrs/ Ms + family name = một ông/ bà/ cô nào đó (không quen biết).
Definite articles: (Mạo từ xác định "The")
 Dùng trước một danh từ đã được xác định cụ thể về mặt tính chất, đặc điểm, vị trí hoặc được nhắc đến
lần thứ hai trong câu.
 The + danh từ + giới từ + danh từ
Ex: The girl in blue, the Gulf of Mexico.
 Dùng trước những tính từ so sánh bậc nhất hoặc only.
Ex: The only way, the best day.
 Dùng cho những khoảng thời gian xác định (thập niên): In the 1990s
 The + danh từ + đại từ quan hệ + mệnh đề phụ
Ex: The man /to whom you have just spoken /is the chairman
 Trước một danh từ ngụ ý chỉ một vật riêng biệt
Ex: She is in the (= her) garden
 The + danh từ số ít tượng trưng cho một nhóm thú vật hoặc đồ vật
Ex: The whale = whales (loài cá voi), the deep-freeze (thức ăn đông lạnh)
Lưu ý: Nhưng đối với man khi mang nghĩa "loài người" tuyệt đối không được dùng the.
Ex: Since man lived on the earth (kể từ khi loài người sinh sống trên trái đất này)
 Dùng trước một danh từ số ít để chỉ một nhóm, một hạng người nhất định trong xã hội.
Ex: The small shopkeeper: Giới chủ tiệm nhỏ/ The top offcial: Giới quan chức cao cấp
 The + adj: Tượng trưng cho một nhóm người, chúng không bao giờ được phép ở số nhiều nhưng
được xem là các danh từ số nhiều. Do vậy động từ và đại từ đi cùng với chúng phải ở ngôi thứ 3 số
nhiều.
Ex: The old = The old people/ The unemployed/ The disabled are often very hard in their moving
 The + tên các vùng/ khu vực đã nổi tiếng về mặt địa lý hoặc lịch sử
Ex: The Sahara (desert)/ The Siberia (tundra)/ The Normandic
 The + East/ West/ South/ North + Danh từ
used as adjective
Ex: The North/ South Pole (Bắc/ Nam Cực), The East End of London (Khu đông Lôn Đôn)
Lưu ý: Nhưng không được dùng THE trước các từ này nếu nó đi liền với tên châu lục hoặc quốc gia:
West Germany, North America...
 The + tên gọi các đội hợp xướng/ dàn nhạc cổ điển/ ban nhạc phổ thông
Ex: The Back Choir/ The Philharmonique Philadelphia Orchestra/ The Beatles.
 The + tên gọi các tờ báo (không tạp chí)/ tàu biển/ các khinh khí cầu.
Ex: The Times/ The Titanic/ The Hindenberg
 The + họ một gia đình ở số nhiều = gia đình nhà
Ex: The Smiths = Mr/ Mrs Smith and children
Ex: Dùng trước tên họ của một người để xác định người đó trong số những người trùng tên.
 Không được dùng "the" trước các danh từ chỉ bữa ăn trong ngày trừ các trường hợp đặc biệt.
Ex: We ate breakfast at 8 am this morning
Ex: The dinner that you invited me last week were delecious.

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 Không được dùng "the" trước một số danh từ như home, bed, church, court, jail, prison, hospital,
school, class, college, univercity v.v... khi nó đi với các động từ và giới từ chỉ chuyển động chỉ đi
đến đó là mục đích chính hoặc ra khỏi đó cũng vì mục đích chính.
Ex: Students go to school everyday.
Ex: The patient was released from hospital.
 Nhưng nếu đến đó hoặc ra khỏi đó không vì mục đích chính bắt buộc phải dùng "the".
Ex: Students go to the school for a class party.
Ex: The doctor left the hospital afterwork
Lưu ý: Trong American English, “Hospital” và “University” bắt buộc phải dùng với the
Ex: He was in the hospital (in hospital as a patient)
Ex: She was unhappy at the University (At University as a student)
 Một số trường hợp đặc biệt:
 Go to work = Go to the office.
 To be at work
 To be hard at work (làm việc chăm chỉ)
 To be in office (đương nhiệm) <> To be out of office (Đã mãn nhiệm)
 Go to sea = đi biển (như những thủy thủ)
 Go to the sea = ra biển, thường để nghỉ
 To be at the sea: ở gần biển
 To be at sea (ở trên biển) trong một chuyến hải hành.
 go to town: Đi vào trung tâm/ Đi phố - To be in town (ở trung tâm) khi town là của người nói.
Bảng sử dụng "the" và không sử dụng "the" trong một số trường hợp điển hình
Có "The" Không "The"

 Dùng trước tên các đại dương, sông ngòi,  Trước tên một hồ
biển, vịnh và các hồ (ở số nhiều) Lake Geneva
The Red Sea, the Atlantic Ocean, the Persian
Gufl, the Great Lakes
 Trước tên các dãy núi  Trước tên một ngọn núi
The Rocky Mountains Mount Vesuvius
 Trước tên những vật thể duy nhất trong vũ  Trước tên các hành tinh hoặc các chòm sao
trụ hoặc trên thế giới Venus, Mars
The earth, the moon
 Trước tên các trường này nếu trước nó là
 The schools, colleges, universities + of + một tên riêng
danh từ riêng Stetson University
The University of Florida
 Trước các danh từ đi cùng với một số đếm
 the + số thứ tự + danh từ Chapter three
The third chapter.
 Trước tên các cuộc chiến tranh khu vực với
điều kiện tên khu vực đó phải được tính từ  Trước tên các nước mở đầu bằng New, một
hoá tính từ chỉ hướng hoặc chỉ có một từ
The Korean War (=> The Vietnamese New Zealand, North Korean, France
economy)  Trước tên các lục địa, tỉnh, tiểu bang, thành
phố, quận, huyện

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 Trước tên các nước có hai từ trở lên (ngoại Europe, Florida
trừ Great Britain)
The United States  Trước tên bất kì môn thể thao nào
 Trước tên các nước được coi là một quần baseball, basketball
đảo hoặc một quần đảo
The Philipines, The Virgin Islands, The Hawaii  Trước các danh từ trừu tượng (trừ một số
 Trước tên các tài liệu hoặc sự kiện lịch sử trường hợp đặc biệt)
The Constitution, The Magna Carta freedom, happiness
 Trước tên các môn học nói chung
mathematics
 Trước tên các nhóm dân tộc thiểu số
the Indians  Trước tên các ngày lễ, tết
Christmas, Thanksgiving
 Trước tên các môn học cụ thể
The Solid matter Physics  Trước tên các loại hình nhạc cụ trong các
hình thức âm nhạc cụ thể (Jazz, Rock,
 Trước tên các nhạc cụ khi đề cập đến các classical music..)
nhạc cụ đó nói chung hoặc chơi các nhạc cụ To perform jazz on trumpet and piano
đó.
The violin is difficult to play
Who is that on the piano
EXERCISES
I. Put a/ an, the or  in each space to complete the following sentences.
1. I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to do that. It was _____ mistake.
2. There were no chairs, so we had to sit on _____ floor.
3. Lucy has just gotten _____ job in _____ bank in Chicago.
4. There’s _____ bookstore on _____ corner near my house.
5. It’s very cold in here. Can you close _____ window, please?
6. If you go past _____ post office, can you get me some stamps?
7. It was _____ very hot day. It was _____ hottest day of _____ year.
8. What’s _____ name of _____ woman who sat beside you at the dinner?
9. How often do you go to _____ movies?
10. “Can you tell me where _____ Room 306 is, please?” “It’s on _____ third floor.”
11. He lay down _____ ground and looked up at _____ sky.
12. You’ll find _____ information you need at _____ top of _____ page 24.
13. _____ moon goes around _____ earth every 27 days.
14. He doesn’t usually have _____ lunch, but he always eats _____ good breakfast.
15. If you live in _____ foreign country, you should try and learn _____ language.
16. _____ next train to Brighton leaves from _____ Platform 5.
17. Last year we visited _____ Canada and _____ United States.
18. _____ highest mountain in _____ Africa is _____ Kilimanjaro.
19. _____ Mediterranean Sea is the sea between _____ Africa and _____ Europe.
20. _____ Mississippi is _____ longest river in _____ North America.
II. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
1. We went out for _____ meal last night. _____ restaurant we went to was excellent.

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A. a/ The B. the/ A C. a/  D. the/ 

2. As I was walking along the street, I saw _____ $10 note on _____ pavement.
A. a/ a B. the/ the C. a/ the D. the/ a
3. _____ actress’s life is in many ways unlike that of other women.
A. An B. A C. As D. That the
4. Kate plays _____ violin in an orchestra.
A. the B. a C. an D. 
5. _____ computer has changed _____ way we live.
A. A/ the B. The/ the C. A/ a D. The/ a
6. Excuse me, where is _____ bus station, please?
A. a B. the C.  D. an
7. What did you have for _____ breakfast this morning?
A. a B. an C. the D. 
8. Peter used to work in _____ Middle East.
A.  B. the C. an D. a
9. My plane was delayed. I had to wait at _____ airport for three hours.
A. the B. a C. an D. 
10. I have _____ problem. Can you help me?
A.  B. a C. an D. the
11. Barack Obama is _____ President of _____ United States.
A. the/ the B. a/  C. the/  D. the/ an
12. He never listens to _____ radio. He prefers watching _____ television.
A. a/ a B. a/ the C. the/  D. / the
13. _____ university will be built in _____ center of the town.
A. A/ the B. An/ the C. The/ a D. An/ a
14. _____ River Nile is _____ longest river of all.
A. /  B. A/ the C. The/ the D. / a
15. _____ Women’s Day is on _____ eighth of March.
A. The/  B. / the C. The/ an D. / an
16. By _____ time we had just left the office, _____ alarm went off.
A. / the B. a/ an C. a/ the D. the/ an
17. He grew up in _____ orphanage in _____ United Kingdom.
A. the/  B. an/ an C. the/ an D. an/ the
18. Laura is friendly. She can make _____ friends easily.
A. a B. an C. the D. 
19. That car can run at _____ speed of 180 miles _____ hour.
A. the/ an B. a/ the C. a/ a D. the/ a
20. _____ experience is _____ best teacher.
A. An/ the B. / the C. the/ the D. an/ an
16. Conjunctions
I. SO & THEREFORE (vì thế, cho nên, vì lẽ đó)

- SO & THEREFORE đều được dùng để giới thiệu kết quả của một việc. SO phổ biến hơn trong văn
nói, còn THEREFORE phổ biến hơn trong văn viết.
- SO là liên từ thường đứng ở giữa câu, nối mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân và mệnh đề chỉ kết quả. Trong
những trường hợp này, mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân phải đứng trước.

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They may need a new goalkeeper so I want to be ready. / The food was cold, so he was angry.
- THEREFORE là trạng từ có thể đứng ở đầu câu mới chỉ kết quả.
They may need a new goalkeeper. Therefore, I want to be ready.
The food was cold. Therefore, he was angry.
- THEREFORE cũng có khi đứng ở giữa mệnh đề / câu chỉ kết quả.
The new trains have more powerful engines and therefore faster.
The food was cold. He was therefore angry.
- So sánh hai câu có cùng nghĩa sau:
I hadn’t done my homework so I didn’t understand the lesson.
I hadn’t done my homework. Therefore, I didn’t understand the lesson.
As / Since / Because I hadn’t done my homework, I didn’t understand the lesson.
II. BUT & HOWEVER (nhưng, tuy nhiên)
- BUT & HOWEVER đều được dùng để diễn tả 2 ý đối lập nhau trong một câu hoặc trong một ngữ
đoạn ngắn.
I don’t like him, but I agree that he’s a good manager.
I don’t like him. However, I agree that he’s a good manager.
It’s a bit late, but I’d like to go out. / It’s a bit late; however, I’d like to go out.
- BUT dùng nối hai mệnh đề và thường đứng ở đầu mệnh đề thứ hai.
- HOWEVER là một trạng từ, nó có thể đứng ở các vị trí khác nhau trong câu. Trước however, ta dùng
dấu chấm câu (.), dấu phấy (,) hoặc dấu chấm phẩy (;).
However, the police did not believe him. / The police, however, didn’t believe him.
The police didnot believe him, however.
Multiple choices
1. I want to work as an interpreter in the future, ________, I am studying Russian at university.
a. but b. so c. however d. therefore
2. I am going shopping for food this evening ________ I do not have to go at the weekend.
a. so b. but c. however d. moreover
3. When she got the news from her family, she could not do anything, ________ cry.
a. but b. and c. so d. however
4. We live in the same building ________ we have hardly seen each other
a. and b. therefore c. but d. so
5. I went to buy a Rolling Stones CD ________ the shop didn't have it.
a. and b. but c. therefore d. so
6. Anna needed some money, ________, she took a part-time job.
a. furthermore b. moreover c. however d. therefore
7. Julie has a guitar ________ she plays it really well.
a. and b. so c. but d. therefore
8. My fingers were injured ________ my sister had to write the note for me.
a. and b. however c. so d. but
9. The concert was cancelled ________ we went to a nightclub instead.
a. so b. however c. so on d. but
10. This is an expensive ________ very useful book.
a. but b. so c. therefore d. however
11. ________ long it takes, I will wait for you.
a. However b. But c. So d. Therefore
12. I must say that you have done very well. ________, you should be aware that you still have a lot of
thing to learn.

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a. Therefore b. So c. But d. However

13. He is only sixteen, and ________, he is not eligible to drive a car.
a. nevertheless b. but c. therefore d. however
14. Maria tried to read a novel in French ________ the book was too difficult for her to understand.
a. so that b. therefore c. but d. and
15. To get from Vancouver to Victoria, you can fly, ________ you can ride the ferry.
a. or b. but c. so d. however
16. I bought a bottle of wine ________ we drank it together.
a. therefore b. so c. and d. but
17. The waiter was not very nice, _____, the food was delicious.
a. however b. but c. so d. and so
18. ___ hard he worked, he could earn enough money to support the family.
a. But b. However c. Therefore d. Whatever
19. I wanted to give him some money after he helped me with the car _____ he absolutely refused to
accept it.
a. so b. but c. therefore d. and so
20. Everyone is ready for the discussion, ________ him.
a. however b. but c. so d. therefore
21. The first part of the test was easy; the second, ________, took hours.
a. therefore b. but c. so d. however
22. He has done nothing to prepare for the final examination, ______ played.
a. but b. so c. therefore d. and
23. He told me not to do it; ________, I did it.
a. Therefore b. So c. But d. However
24. We have not yet won; ________, we will keep trying.
a. moreover b. however c. therefore d. so as
25. I am afraid that the company is in deep trouble. ________, we are going to make some people
redundant.
a. Therefore b. However c. But d. And
17. Conditional sentences

Type 1: FUTURE POSSIBLE (Diễn tả một khả năng có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai)
A/ Dạng cơ bản:
If + S + V(simple present), S + V(simple future)
Ex: If I have time, I will go.
B/ Những trường hợp khác:
1/ If + S + V(simple present) , Imperative (mệnh lệnh)
Ex:If you go to the post office, please mail this letter for me.
2/ Imperative (mệnh lệnh) + or + S + V(simple future).
Ex: Prepare the lesson carefully or you will get a bad mark.
= If you don't prepare the lesson carefully, you will get a bad mark.
3/ If + S + V(simple present) , S + V(simple present)
→ diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên (If=When=Whenever)
Ex: If you mix blue and yellow, you get green
4. If ....... not = Unless (trừ khi)
Ex: If you don't hurry, you'll be late for school.
=> Unless you hurry, you'll be late for school.

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5. As long as/ So long as/ Provided (that)/ Providing (that)/ On condition that + Clause ( Miễn là/
với điều kiện)
Ex: As long as you drive carefully, you can use my car.
= If you drive carefully, you can use my car.
II/ Type 2: PRESENT UNREAL (Diễn tả tình huống không có thật ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai)
If + S + V(past subjunctive/ simple past), S + would/ could/ might + bare inf
Eg: I don't win a lot of money, so I can't spend most of it travelling round the world.
→ If I won a lot of money, I could spend most of it travelling round the world.
Eg: I am short; that's why I won't be a pilot.
→If I were/ was taller, I would be a pilot.
*past subjunctive:Quá khứ bàng thái cách/ Quá khứ giả định
- To be: chia "Were" cho tất cả các ngơi
- Không phải "To be : chia giống thì quá khứ đơn
1/ The variation of the If-clause: (Biến thể của mệnh đề If)
If + S + V(past continuous), S + would/ could/ might + bare inf
Eg: If you were driving from London to Glasgow, which way would you go?
2/ The variation of the main clause: (Biến thể của mệnh đề chính)
If + S + V(past subjunctive/ simple past), S + would/ could/ might + be + V-ing
Eg: I am not on holiday; I am not touring Italy.
→ If I were / was on holiday, I would be touring Italy .
3/ Đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện loại 2:
- Bỏ If
- Đưa "Were" ra trước chủ ngữ
Eg: If I were you , I would eat less.
=> Were I you, I would eat less.
III/ Type 3: PAST UNREAL (Diễn tả tình huống không có thật ở quá khứ)
If + S + had + PP , S + would/ could/ might + have + PP
Eg: I didn't tell her any good news because I wasn't here early.
→If I had been here earlier, I would have told her some good news.
1/ The variation of the main clause: (Biến thể của mệnh đề chính)
If + S + had + PP , S + would/ could/ might + have + been + V-ing
Eg: Mr.Pike's son was there; that's why I wasn't sitting in front.
→If Mr.Pike's son hadn't been there, I would have been sitting in front.
2/ The variation of the If-clause: (Biến thể của mệnh đề If)
If + S + had + been + V-ing , S + would/ could/ might + have + PP
Eg: I was wearing a seat belt, so I didn't have a bad accident.
=> If I hadn't been wearing a seat belt, I would have had a bad accident.
3/ Câu điều kiện pha trộn: Loại III + Loại II
Eg: He isn't a rich man now because he didn't take my advice.
→If he had taken my advice, he would be a rich man now.
4/ Đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện loại 3:
- Bỏ If
- Had + S (not) + P.P
Eg:If I hadn't been careful, I would have had an accident last night.
=>Had I not been careful, I would have had an accident last night.

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Exercise 1: Make conditional sentences

1. She got married at such an early age, so she isn’t at university now.
2. She works in the evening. She has no time to play with her children.
3. As she is often absent from class, she can’t keep pace with her classmates.
4. It’s very cold, so we can’t go swimming.
5. You drink too much coffee; that’s why you can’t sleep.
6. We don’t have a big house . We can’t invite friends to stay.
7. The flats are not clearly numbered, so it is very difficult to find anyone.
8. I couldn’t write to Alice because I didn’t know her address.
9. We got lost because we didn’t have a map.
10. The farmers didn’t have enough rain , so they could not grow rice .
11. His friends were late, so they missed the train .
12. Make me some coffee, and I’ll give you one of my biscuits.
13. You won’t ask the teacher. He won’t explain the lesson to you.
14. City life isn’t enjoyable because everything is very expensive.
15. I didn't bring extra money with me because you didn't tell me we were going to dinner after the
movie.
EXERCISE II :Choose the best answer for each of the following sentences
1. If I ……….a lot of money now, I …………..a new car.
a. have /will buy b. have / would buy c. had/ will buy d. had/ would buy.
2. If I ……………you, I …………….do that.
a. am/ will b. were /would c. were/ will d. had been/ would.
3. If I were offered the job, I think I ………. it.
a. take b. will take c. would take d. would have taken.
4. I would be very surprised if he……………..
a. refuses b. refused c. had refused d. would refuse.
5. Many people would be out of work if that factory………..down.
a. closes b. had closed c. closed d. would close.
6. 6. If she sold her car, she ………… much money.
a. gets b. would get c. will get d. would have got.
7. They would be disappointed if we…………….
a. hadn’t come b. wouldn’t come c. don’t come d. didn’t come.
8. We ‘ll get wet if we ………….out.
a. go b. did go c. went d. had gone.
9. If I go shopping, I ………some food.
a. buy b. will buy c. would buy d. would have bought.
10. If I find it, I ………you.
a. will tell b. would tell c. had told d. told
11. If I had known you were in hospital, I …………to see you.
a. will go b. would go c. went d. would have gone.
12. If I …………him, I would have said hello to him.
a. had seen b. see c. saw d. would see
13. I…………..out if I hadn’t been so tired.
a. will go b. went c. would have gone d. would go
14. If I ………..a camera, I would have taken some pictures.
a. have b. had c. would have d. had had
15. You won’t pass the examination……………you study more.
a. as long as b. unless c. if d. whether

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16. It would have been a good crop ............ through.

a. if the storm didn't sweep b. would a storm not have swept
c. had a storm not swept d. didn't a storm sweep
17. If I ................. the competition, I ............. on a world cruise.
a. win/ will go b. had won/ would have gone
c. won/ would go d. won/ would have gone
18. If someone…………in here with a gun, I would be very frightened.
a. would walk b. walks c. had walked d. walked.
19. What would happen if you ……………..to work tomorrow?
a. don’t go b. didn’t go c. won’t go d. wouldn’t go
20. If I had enough money, I ……… abroad to improve my English.
a. will go b. should go c. would go d. should have go to
18. The comparison of adjectives and adverbs

I- SO SÁNH BẬC HƠN : ( COMPARATIVE )
1- Tính từ ngắn : ( Short adjectives )
Hầu hết là tính từ có một âm tiết hoặc tính từ dài có hai âm tiết tận cùng là : “ y, er, ow, ple, tle ”.Cấu
trúc sử dụng là:
S + V + {adj- er/ adv-er} + than + {noun/ pronoun}
Example : Happy ---- > happier
Easy ---- > Easier
Clever ---- > cleverer
Simple ---- > simpler
Gentle ---- > gentler
1 Mary is taller than Tom (is)
Lưu ý : + Đối với tính từ ngắn có một phụ âm tận cùng (trừ w,x,z) và trước đó là một nguyên âm, ta phải
gấp đôi phụ âm cuối rồi thêm “ er ”
Ex: big-bigger; red-redder , fat- fatter ,sad- sadder, thin-thinner
+ Đối với tính từ một âm tiết tận cùng bằng “ e ” thì so sánh bậc hơn ta chỉ thêm “r ”
Ex: nice - nicer, safe – safer
2- Tính từ dài : ( long adjectives )
Là tính từ thường có hai âm tiết trở lên .Cấu trúc sử dụng là:
S + V +more+ {adj/ adv} +than + {noun/ pronoun}

Ex: The test A is more difficult than the test B
II- SO SÁNH BẬC NHẤT ( SUPERLATIVE )
1- Tính từ ngắn : ( Short adjectives ).Cấu trúc sử dụng là :

S + V +the+ {adj- est/ adv-est}
Ex: This is the cleanest room in the house
2- Tính từ dài ( long adjectives ).Cấu trúc sử dụng là
S + V + the +most+ {adj/ adv}

Ex: First class is the most expensive way to travel
III- SO SÁNH BẰNG : (SIMILARITY), Cấu trúc sử dụng là :

S + V + as + {adj/ adv} + as + {noun/ pronoun}
Ex : 1- His car runs as fast as a race car.
2-John sings as well as his sister.
Lưu ý: - Nếu là câu phủ định, as thứ nhất có thể thay bằng so.

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Ex:He is not so tall as his father.

- Khi so sánh bằng danh từ, sử dụng cấu trúc sau:
S + V + the same + (noun) + as + {noun/ pronoun}
Ex: My house is as high as his.  My house is the same height as his.
IV- SO SÁNH KÉP : ( DOUBLE COMPARISON )

1- So sánh kép trong bản thân một sự vật , hiện tượng : ……..càng ngày càng ……..
a- Tính từ ngắn : ( Short adjectives )
COMPARATIVE AND COMPARATIVE
Adj –er and Adj-er
Ex: - Tom is growing fast. He is getting taller and taller
- The weather is getting hotter and hotter
b- Tính từ dài ( long adjectives ) hoặc trạng từ ( adverbs ) :

S + V + more and more + Adj / Adv
Ex : - Computers are becoming more and more complicated
- Jenny is becoming more and more beautiful
2- So sánh kép liên quan đến hai hay nhiều sự vật , hiện tượng : .... càng …càng …
The + tính từ so sánh bậc hơn + S + V, The + tính từ so sánh bậc hơn + S + V
( comparative ) , ( comparative )
Ex: 1. The more money you make, the more you spend
2 The harder you work, the better result you will get
3 The more expensive petrol becomes, the less people drive
LƯU Ý : MỘT SỐ TÍNH TỪ/ TRẠNG TỪ BẤT QUI TẮC
ADJ / Adv COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

-1 good / well -1 Better -1 best
-2 bad / badly -2 Worse -2 worst
-3 far -3 Farther/further -3 farthest/furthest
-4 old -4 Older/elder -4 oldest/eldest
-5 much -5 More -5 most
-6 many -6 More -6 most
-7 little -7 less -7 least
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer:

1. Ho Chi Minh city is much .................. than Nha Trang city.
A. larger B. smaller C. higher D. lower
2. Australia is the .................. continent in the world.
A. large B. smallest C. biggest D. thinner
3. Living in the countryside is .................. than in cities.
A. less peaceful B. more peaceful C. most peaceful D. least peaceful
4. Your car is in .................. condition than mine.
A. worse B. worst C. bad D. good
5. That was the .................. day in my life.
A. excited B. happiness C. happiest D. interesting
6. Hoa doesn’t cook .................. her mother.
A. as bad as B. as good as C. as quick as D. as well as
7. She is the .................. beautiful girl I have ever met.
A. less B. more C. most D. best

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8. The Queen of England is one of the .................. women in the world.

A. richer B. richest C. most rich D. as rich as
9. I’m sorry I’m late. It took me .................. to get here than I expected.
A. longer B. further C. more D. less
10. Her illness was more .................. than we first thought.
A. fatal B. important C. severe D. serious
11. Health and happiness are more .................. than money.
A. importantly B. important C. importance D. serious
12. We often go camping when we go on holiday because it’s .............. than staying in a hotel.
A. much cheaper B. more cheaper C. less cheaper D. the most cheapest
13. Please let me know immediately if you hear any .................. news.
A. farther B. further C. extra D. earlier
14. There were .................. people at this meeting than at the last one.
A. less B. much C. many D. fewer
15. That house over there is the .................. building in the town.
A. eldest B. oldest C. ancientest D. antique
16. What’s the .................. film you’ve ever seen?
A. good B. interesting C. best D. boring
17. What’s the .................. river in the world?
A. short B. long C. wide D. longest
18. I stayed in one of the .................. room in the hotel.
A. large B. nicest C. pretty D. nicer
19. Let’s walk. It’s just .................. taking the bus.
A. as quick as B. as soon as C. as fast as D. as early as
20. There’s plenty of food, so eat .................. you like.
A. as many as B. as much as C. as lot as D. as great as
Use the proper form of adjectives (or adverbs) in parentheses.
1. Mary is (pretty) _____________ as her sister.
2. A new house is (expensive) _____________than an old one.
3. His job is (important) _____________than mine.
4. Of the four ties, I like the red one (well) _____________.
5. Nobody is (happy) _____________ than Miss Snow.
6. Today English is the (international) _____________ of languages.
7. John is much (strong) _____________ than I thought.
8. Benches are (comfortable) _____________ than arm - chairs.
9. Bill is (good) _____________ than you thought.
10. Mr. Bush is the (delightful) _____________ person I have ever known.
11. Disk is the (careful) _____________ of the two workers.

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12. Sam’s conduct is (bad) _____________ than Paul’s.
13. Thanks to the progress of science, human life is (good) _____________ and (good)
_____________ .
14. Bill is (lazy) _____________ and (lazy) _____________ .
15. The teacher speaks English (fluently) _____________ than we.
16. These boys are (ill - prepared) _____________ for employment than my children.
17. The competition makes the price of goods (cheap) _____________ and (cheap) _____________.
18. Charles is (hard working) _____________ than Tom.
19. Is this book (interesting) _____________ than the one you read last week ?
20. Of the two boys, Harry is the (ill - bred) _____________ .

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PART II: PRACTICE TESTS

PRACTICE TEST 1
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PRACTICE TEST 2
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PRACTICE TEST 3
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PRACTICE TEST 4
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PRACTICE TEST 5
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PRACTICE TEST 6
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PART III : KEYS

A. PHONETICS (NGỮ ÂM)
1. SOUNDS
CÁCH PHÁT ÂM "S" CUỐI
1. D. 2. B. 3. B. 4. A. 5. A. 6. C. 7. B. 8. B. 9. D. 10. D.
11. D. 12. B. 13. C. 14. B. 15. D. 16. C. 17. A. 18. B. 19. C. 20. A.
CÁCH PHÁT ÂM “ –ED” CUỐI :
1. D. 2. D. 3. B. 4. D. 5. C. 6. A. 7. C. 8. D. 9. A. 10. B.
11. D. 12. A 13. C. 14. A. 15. C. 16. D. 17. C. 18. A. 19. B. 20. A.
BÀI TẬP VỀ CÁC NGUYÊN ÂM VÀ CÁC PHỤ ÂM KHÁC :
1. D. 2. A. 3.B. 4. A. 5.C. 6.A. 7. D. 8.C. 9.B. 10.C
11. A. 12. D. 13. B. 14. B. 15.C. 16.C. 17.D. 18.C. 19. A. 20. D.
2. STRESS - Một số quy tắc cơ bản để nhận biết trọng âm
1. D. 2. B. 3. C 4. D. 5. B. 6. C. 7. B. 8. C 9. A. 10. A.
11. C. 12. B. 13. A. 14. D. 15. B. 16. C. 17. A. 18. B. 19. A. 20. A.
A. GRAMMAR
1. TENSES
I. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
1. isn’t working, is swimming 2. isn’t Ann wearing 3. is having
4. drinks, is drinking 5. does she do, plays, watches 6. was standing, was waiting
7. was writing 8. left 9. was watching, turned, went
10. have you lived/have you been living, have lived/have been living
11. lived, went 12. haven’t seen 13. haven’t finished
14. have just cleaned 15. have you had, had
16. have you been, spent, did you have, stopped 17. are you going, am going
18. are getting 19. are you doing, am going 20. is going to rain
21. Will you have 22. will telephone 23. will send
24. am going to learn 25. are you going to do

1. A. 2. D. 3. C. 4. D. 5. B. 6. B. 7. C. 8. B. 9. A. 10. B.
11.C. 12.C. 13.C. 14.D 15.A 16.C. 17.A. 18.B. 19.B. 20.B.
21.B. 22.A. 23.C. 24.C. 25.D. 26.D. 27.B. 28.A. 29.A. 30.A.
2. VERB FORMS
I. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form (gerund , infinitive, participle).
1. climbing, to explain, to say, to let, go
1. convincing, to get, leap
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2. driving, doing, to do
3. to sit, (to) hear, howling
4. getting, climbing, to do
5. roar/roaring, to move/moving, waving
6. writing, to do, to go, see
7. walking, to cross, thinking, to chase
8. to be having, thudding
9. getting, to pay
10. to come, standing
11. to like making and flying . . . doing
12. to arrive, rising
13. sawing, fall/falling
14. to see/seeing, crying/cry
15. jump/jumping, fall/falling
16. to wake, (to) hear, beating
17. beginning to roll/begin to roll/begin rolling, to do, to stop
18. laughing, slipping/slip
19. driving, being driven
1. B. 2. C. 3. B 4. A. 5. A. 6. C. 7. B. 8. A 9. C. 10. C.
11. B. 12. C. 13. B. 14. D. 15. C. 16. B. 17. B. 18. D. 19. A. 20. B.
3. PASSIVE VOICE
Exercise 1:
1. A great deal of tea is drunk in England.
2. Two poems were being written by Tom.
3. Her dog is often taken for a walk.
4. English is spoken all over the world.
5. Friends of students’a group have been met at the railway station.
6. Tom was not allowed to take these books home.
7. Exercises won’t be corrected by the teacher tomorrow.
8. How many trees were cut down to build that fence?
9. Many people are attracted by this well-known library.
10. We used to be made to clean the house by my mother.
11. He likes being called “Sir”.
12. They are going to have/get their car repaired
13. It is said that he is intelligent./He is said to be intelligent.
14. My bike can’t be repaired.
15. Tom has been operated by Mary since 10 o’clock.
16. We have been taught French by Mr. Smith for 2 years.
17. The children were not properly looked after.
18. This street was not swept last week.
19. How many lessons are going to be learnt next month?
20. This work needs to be done./ This work needs doing.
Exercise 2:
1. Some new airports on islands will be constructed.
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2. This promise might be fulfilled by the new president as quickly as people would like.
3. This mystery is going to be found out.
4. Videos like one can be bought anywhere.
5. You will be told when you go in to see the doctor.
6. The hotel should have been finished by the time you arrive.
7. The history of the European Community has to be written one day.
8. When are the results of the contest going to be announced?
9. Where will you be sent by your company next year?
10. The accident ought to have been reported to the police.
Exercise 3:
1. may offer 6. couldn’t be opened
2. may be offered 7. must keep
3. should open 8. had better wash
4. mustn’t move/ will have to be left 9. should tell
5. must have taken 10. is supposed to be sent
Exercise 4:
1. D. 2. B. 3. C 4. C. 5. D. 6. A. 7. B. 8. A 9. D. 10. A.
11. B. 12. D. 13. D. 14. C. 15. A. 16. A. 17. C. 18. A. 19. B. 20. D.
Exercise 5:
1. C. 2. A. 3. A 4. C. 5. A. 6. C. 7. C. 8. B 9. C. 10. D.
11. C. 12. B. 13. A. 14. B. 15. A. 16. D. 17. A. 18. B. 19. A. 20. A.
4. RELATIVE CLAUSES
EXERCISE 1: Combine each pair of sentences, using a relative pronoun.
1. The girl who/that chatted with you yesterday is my cousin.
2. The man who/that spent 15 minutes measuring our kitchen is very kind.
3. The architect who/that designed these flats has moved to HCM City.
4. The young boy who/that rides an expensive motorbike is naughty.
5. I’m reading the book which/that I bought in 1996.
6. Do you know the man who/that is sharing the flat with me?
7. The young man who is talking to our teacher is Ba’s brother.
8. The monument which we visited was built a hundred years ago.
9. The game which/that the boys are interested in is a popular game all over the world.
10. You have no need to tell me the reason why/ for which you are often late for work.
11. The people who/that we visited are homeless after the flood.
12. I don’t like the films which/that have unhappy ending.
13. I know the man whose son broke your windows.
14. The girl whose parents work with me is very kind.
15. The village has around 200 people, the majority of whom are farmers.
16. She hasn’t eat anything, which makes her parents worried.
17. The student who/that sits next to me is from China.
18. I thanked the woman who/that had helped me.
19. Mr.Pike, whose course I am taking, is excellent.
20. People have enjoyed plays which/that Shakespeare wrote for four centuries.
EXERCISE 2: Use reduced relative clauses in place of the relative clauses
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1. The child is lonely, he would be happier if he had someone to play with.

2. I’ve got a bottle of wine but I haven’t got anything to open with.
3. I don’t like him playing in the streets; I wish we had a garden for him to play in.
4. The floor is dirty but I haven’t got a brush to sweep with.
5. My files are all over the place. I wish I had a box to keep in.
6. She said that she wasn’t going to buy any cards; she hadn’t anyone to send cards to.
7. You are the last person to see her alive.
8. He simple loves parties. He is always the first to come and the last to go.
9. The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship to be built on the Clyde.
10. He was the second man to be killed in this way.
11. Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon.
12. Lady Astor was the first woman to take her seat in Parliament.
13. Here are some accounts for you to check.
14. People listening to very loud music may suffer gradual hearing loss .
15. He was the man saved in the fire .
16. Anyone not wanting to take part in the meeting must inform the board.
17. The teacher taking the responsibility for the class is Ms Lan.
18. .She’s just bought a handbag made of crocodile skin.
19. I met a man working in this factory for a long time.
20. The story told by my grandma was interesting.
EXERCISE 3: CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER:
1. B. 2. A. 3. D 4. C. 5. B. 6. B. 7. B. 8. B 9. C. 10. B.
11. D. 12. A. 13. B. 14. C. 15. B.
5. WORD FORMS.
Complete the sentences using the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. beautiful 6. death 11. difficulties 16. illness

2. quickly 7. attractive 12. excited 17. informative
3.development 8. entertainment 13. fluently 18. nationality
4. pollution 9. actor 14. friendship 19. natural
5. invitation 10. darken 15. healthy 20. rainy
Multiple choice
1. A. 2. B. 3. B 4. B. 5. A. 6. C. 7. C. 8. C 9. B. 10. D.
11. C. 12. B. 13. C. 14. A. 15. C. 16. C. 17. C. 18. C. 19. B. 20. B.
6. TAG QUESTIONS
1. don't they 6. doesn't he 11. can't they 16. aren't they
2. isn't she 7. wouldn't he 12. did they 17. have you
3. will they 8. are they 13. did it 18. was it
4. isn't it 9. have you 14. aren't I 19. hadn't he
5. are there 10. isn't it 15. is it 20. don't you
7. SUBJECT AND VERB AGREEMENT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
EX 1
d a c a b c a d c c b a b c
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EX3 c b b c c d
EX2:
1. is 2. is 3. don’t have 4. need
5. has caused 6. are 7. is 8. want
9. have recently participated 10. is planning 11. have withdrawn / is
12. is 13. speak / understand 14. don’t go
15. wasn’t 16. is 17. has 18. is
19. is 20. is
8. RESULT CLAUSES
I/Combine the sentences by using so…that or such….that:
1. This tea is so good that I think I’ll have another cup

2. It was such an expensive car that we couldn’t afford to buy it.
3. The car was so expensive that we couldn’t afford to buy it.
4. Tommy ate so much candy that he got a stomachache
5. The food was so hot that it burned my tongue.
6. She made so many mistakes that She failed the exam
7. It was such a good book that I couldn’t put it down
8. He walked so quickly that we couldn’t keep up with him.
9. It was such nice weather that we went to the zoo.
10. The test was so easy that everyone got a high score.
II/Choose the best answer:
1. C. 3. B 4. A. 5. C. 6. C. 7. A. 8. D 9. B. 10. A.
9. PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF PURPOSE.
I.
1. Rachel turned on the TV so that she could watch the news.
2. Nancy is carrying extra courses every semester so that she can graduate early.
3. Ed took some change from his pocket so that she could buy a newspaper.
4. I turned on the TV so that I could listen to the news while I was making dinner
5. I unplugged the phone so that I wouldn’t be interrupted while I was working.
II.
1. C. 2. A. 3. D 4. D. 5. C. 6. B. 7. C. 8. B 9. D. 10. A.
10. WH- QUESTION
Exercises 1:
1. When did you receive a letter from Lan?
2. What does Minh usually do after getting up?
3. How often do you brush your teeth?
4. What time does Nga have appointment this morning?
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5. What time does she go to bed?

6. When did you begin to study English?
7. Where do they live?
8. Why do you like Tom and Jerry?
9. Who did you go to disco with last night ?
10. What is she worried about?
11. What makes people different from all other animals?
12. When do they do their homework?
13. Who came to the party alone?
14. What do you like?
15. What is that?
16. How long did show talk to him?
17. What does he study at the university?
18. What’s your telephone number?
19. What does your father do?
20. How are you?
Exercises 2:
1. A. 2. C. 3. C 4. C. 5. D. 6. B. 7. A. 8. D 9. C. 10. D.
11. A. 12. B. 13. C. 14. B. 15. D. 16. A. 17. B. 18. D. 19. C. 20. B.
11. REPORTED SPEECH
I. (REPORTED SPEECH: STATEMENTS)
1. Nam said he was told to be at school before 7 o’clock.
2. Thu said all the students would have a meeting the next week.
3. Phong said his parents were very proud of his good marks.
4. The teacher said all the homework had to be done carefully.
5. Her father told her she could go to the movie with her friend.
6. Hoa said she might visit her parents in the summer.
7. The teacher said they could collect old book for the poor students.
8. She said she didn’t buy that book.
9. The boys said they had to try their best to win the match.
10. Lan’s classmate said she was the most intelligent girl in their class.
II. (REPORTED SPEECH: YES/NO QUESTIONS)
1. Phong asked Peter if/whether he enjoyed reading.
2. Hoa asked Lan if/whether she liked sports.
3. She asked Nam if/whether his sister and brother went to the same school
4. She asked her mom if/whether there were some oranges in the fridge
5. He asked his friend if/whether it would rain the next morning.
6. Tam asked Peter if/whether he had gone to Hue three years before.
7. Tuan asked Lan if/whether Tam and Hoa were late for class.
8. She asked me if/whether I could speak Chinese.
9. Tam asked Thu if/whether shewould be there for five days.
10. She asked Ba if/whether he was reading then.
III.(REPORTED SPEECH: WH-QUESTIONS)
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1. The teacher asked me where my father worked.
2. She asked Lan how many people there were in her family.
3. Tam’s friend asked him how long he would stay in England.
4. The mother asked her daughter where she had been.
5. Lien asked her teacher what they can do to help him.
6. His friend asked him how he had gone to the airport.
7. Lan asked Lien how much that dress cost.
8. Ba asked Tam how often he washed his clothes.
9. Phong asked Thu when his father would leave Vietnam for the USA..
10. Mr. Nguyen asked his wife what their children were doing in the room.
IV. (REPORTED SPEECH: IMPERATIVES)
1/ The manager told me to come into her/his office.
2/ The teacher told us not to make so much noise.
3/ Mr.Green told bill to come to their dinner that night.
4/ Susan told Tom not to call him again at that late hour.
5/ She told the boy to show her what he had in his hand.
6/ The policeman ordered me to stay where I was and not to touch anything.
7/ The old lady asked/ told me to water those flowers for her.
8/ She told me to leave my coat on that chair.
9/ She told him not to speak to her like that and behave himself.
10/ Peter asked/ told me to lend him my dictionary till the next Monday
V.Choose the best option that best completes each sentence:
1. B. 2. A. 3. B 4. D. 5. C. 6. A. 7. C. 8. A 9. B. 10. C.
11. D. 12. C. 13. A. 14. A. 15. C.
12. ENOUGH/TOO…TO INF-
A. ENOUGH/TOO:
I. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D:

1. A. 2. D. 3. A 4. A. 5. B. 6. B. 7. B. 8. B 9. C. 10. A.
11. C. 12. A. 13. B. 14. D. 15. B. 16. A. 17. C. 18. D. 19. C. 20. D.
II. Combine these pairs of sentences, using the structure with “Enough” with the words given:
1. This coat is not warm enough for me to wear in winter.
2. That chair isn’t strong enough ( for you ) to stand on .
3. This bed is not wide enough for two people to sleep in.
4. The film was interesting enough for us to see through.
5. The boy is intelligent enough to understand you.
6. He didn’t speak English clearly enough for everybody to understand.
7. The girl is not clever enough to mend this shirt.
8. The book is exciting enough for you to read.
9. These songs are simple enough for everybody to sing.
10. The weather was good enough for us to go swimming.
11. He wasn’t experienced enough to get the job.
12. This sofa isn’t large enough for three people to sit on.
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III. Rewrite the following sentences, using the structure “Enough….” with the words given:
13. The novel was interesting enough for me to read many times.
14. This question is easy enough for us to answer.
15. The water was not warm enough for the children to swim in.
16. The box was light enough for him to carry.
17. The work is hard enough for him to ask his friend for some help.
18. The weather was good enough for us to go on a picnic.
19. The sea is not warm enough for me to swim in.
20. The song is simple enough for her to sing.
B. USED TO – BE (GET) USED TO:
Keys:
1. used to dream
2. am not used to speaking
3. get used to living
4. used to stop
5. use to work
6. am not used to drinking
7. used to have
8. used to be
9. wasn’t used to driving
10. used to live
11. am/get used to sitting
12. used to sit
13. used to believe
14. used to be
15. is used to travelling
Multiple choice:
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. D 10. D
11. D 12. C 13. C 14. C 15. A
13. PHRASAL VERBS
1. D. 2. A. 3. C 4. C. 5. D. 6. B. 7. C. 8. A 9. C. 10. A.
11. B. 12. B. 13. A. 14. B. 15. A.
14. PREPOSITIONS
I. 1. in 2. on 3. at 4. about 5. with
6. from 7. before 8. of 9. until 10. between
11. with 12. After 13. by 14. into 15. at/ of
16. to/ on 17. by 18. for 19. on 20. about
II. 1. A 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. C 7. B 8.D 9. C 10. C
11. D 12. A 13. A 14. C 15. A 16. A 17. A 18. C 19. A 20. C
15.ARTICLES
I. 1. a 2. the 3. a/ a 4. a, the 5. the
6. the 7. a/ the/ the 8. the/ the 9. the 10. Æ/ the
11. the/ the 12. the/ the/ Æ 13. The/ the 14. Æ/ a 15. a/ the
16. The/ Æ 17. Æ/ the 18. The/ Æ/ Æ 19. The/ Æ/ Æ 20. The/ the/ Æ
II. 1. A 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. B
11. A 12. C 13. A 14. C 15. B 16. D 17. D 18. D 19. A 20. B
16. CONJUNCTIONS
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1. D. 2. A. 3. A 4. C. 5. B. 6. D. 7. A. 8. C 9. A. 10. A.
11. A. 12. D. 13. C. 14. C. 15. A. 16. C. 17. A. 18. B. 19. B. 20. B.
21. D. 22. A. 23. D 24. B. 25. A.
17. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Exercise 1: Make conditional sentences
1. If she hadn't got married at such an early age, she would be at university now.
2. If she didn't work in the evening, she would/ could/ might have time to play with her
children.
3. If she wasn't/ weren't often absent from class, she could keep pace with her classmates.
4. If it wasn't/ weren't very cold, we could go swimming.
5. If you didn't drink too much coffee, you could sleep.
6. If we had a big house, we could invite friends to stay.
7. If the flats were clearly numbered, it would be very difficult to find someone.
8. I could have written to Alice if I had known her address.
9. We wouldn't have got lost if we had had a map.
10. If the farmers had had enough rain , they could have grown rice .
11. If his friends hadn't been late, they wouldn't have missed the train .
12. If you make me some coffee, I’ll give you one of my biscuits.
13. If you ask the teacher, he will explain the lesson to you.
14. City life would be enjoyable everything weren't/ wasn't very expensive.
15. I would have brought extra money with me if you had told me we were going to dinner
after the movie.
EXERCISE II :Choose the best answer for each of the following sentences
1. D. 2. B. 3. C 4. B. 5. C. 6. B. 7. D. 8. A 9. B. 10. A.
11. D. 12. A. 13. C. 14. D. 15. B. 16. C. 17. B. 18. D. 19. B. 20. C.
18.THE COMPARISION OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer:
1. A. 2. B. 3. B 4. A. 5. C. 6. D. 7. C. 8. B 9. A. 10. D.
11. B. 12. A. 13. B. 14. D. 15. B. 16. C. 17. D. 18. B. 19. C. 20. B.
Use the proper form of adjectives (or adverbs) in parentheses.
1/ as pretty 2/ more expensive 3/ more important
4/ the best 5/ happier 6/ the most
7/ stronger 8/ more comfortable 9/ better
10/ most delightful 11/ most careful 12/ worse
13/ better / better 14/ lazier/lazier 15/ more fluently
16/ more ill-prepared 17/ cheaper/ cheaper 18/more hardworking
19/ more interesting 20 / most ill-bred
103

Tai Lieu On Tap Mon Tieng Anh

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1

MÔN TIẾNG ANH

Cách sử dụng tài liệu:

Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC

II. Đáp án (KEYS):

Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC

PART I: THEORIES AND EXERCISES

Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC

7. A. measured B. pleased C. distinguished D. managed

BÀI TẬP VỀ CÁC NGUYÊN ÂM VÀ CÁC PHỤ ÂM KHÁC :

2. STRESS - Một số quy tắc cơ bản để nhận biết trọng âm

Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC

Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC

Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC

- Phủ định : S + did not Vo ….

EXERCISES: I. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.

Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC

– How long you (live)…………………… here?

Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC

c. have you thought d. have you been thinking

Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC

hundred and fifty years

 Để dễ nhớ, ta chia hình thức động từ loại động từ :

I. Bare infinitive : (bare) động từ nguyên mẫu khơng to

1. Sau modal verb ( động từ khiếm khuyết )

II. To infinitive (V1) động từ nguyên mẫu có To)

Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC

8.a Những động từ sau đây, theo sau là to infinitive : S + V + to inf

1. advise : khuyên 23. require : yêu cầu

Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC

13. hire : thuê, mướn 35. choose : lựa chọn

III. Gerund : Danh động từ

1. Làm chủ ngữ  V(sing)  ( real subject & informal subject ).

B. Gerund as a verb : có object hoặc được bổ nghĩa bởi một trạng từ

Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC

19. fancy : tưởng tượng 44. tolerate : bỏ qua

IV. Past participle : quá khứ phân từ – VoED/V3

V. Present participle ( Vo + ing) hiện tại phân từ.

+Vo – ing ® chỉ quá khứ

4. Try to infinitive : cố gắng

Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC

6. Would you mind + Vo- ing?

II. Multiple choices

Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC

3. I got my friend ________ her car for the weekend.

Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC

II. CÁCH ĐỔI ACTIVE VOICE SANG PASSIVE VOICE

Ex: Active sentence: Peter took this book yesterday

Passive sentence: Subj + BE + V3 / VoED(động từ chính) + by Obj

B. Cụ thể như sau:

Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC

Ex: Mr Pike built this school in my village last year.

III. NHỮNG TRƯỜNG HỢP PASSIVE VOICE ĐẶC BIỆT

4. Imperative(câu mệnh lệnh):

7- Need + to be + V3 / Vo ED = Need + Voing

Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC

Ex: - It is important to finish this exercise.

Exercise 1: Passive and Active voice

Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC

Exercise 2: Rewrite the sentences in the passive:

Exercise 4: Choose the best option A, B, C or D to complete the sentence.

Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC

Exercise 5: Multiple choices