7-Conjunction ‫الروابط‬ For my clever student: He succeeds as I help him.

(Being)
Addition‫اإلضافة‬ I stayed in because the sky was cloudy. (because of)
as well as )‫تربط صفتين أو اسمين (فاعلين أو مفعولين‬ I stayed in because of the cloudy sky/the sky being cloudy/the clouds in the
He is clever as well as good-looking. sky.
He has got a car as well as a motorbike. Purpose ‫الغرض‬
I as well as Hani am clever.‫ هنا الفعل يتبع الفاعل األول لكونها جملة اعتراضية‬. to/so as to/in order to + ‫المصدر‬
so that/in order that ‫( فاعل‬can/will/may + inf.) ‫المضارع‬:
as well as = in addition to = besides + (v-ing‫) حدث أول‬ (could/would/might + inf.) ‫الماضى‬:
-Smoking is dangerous. It makes you smell bad too. (as well as) He went to the bank so as to get some money .
Smoking is dangerous as well as making you smell bad. He went to the bank so that he could get some money.
-Last week, we went to the market and the zoo. (in addition to) He went to the bank because he wanted to get some money.
Last week, in addition to/besides/as well as going to the market , we went to He got up early so that he wouldn’t miss the train.
the zoo. He got up early so as not to miss the train .
not only ……but also / not only ……but ….as well‫ليس فقط ولكن أيضا‬ Contrast ‫التناقض‬
Although = though = even though = even if + ‫الجملة األولى‬
‫ إذا بدأت‬Not only :‫الجملة‬ ‫ صفة أو ظرف‬as ‫ فاعل‬+ ‫فعل‬
However‫ فعل‬+ ‫ فاعل‬+ ‫صفة أو ظرف‬
1- ‫عند وجود فعل مساعد نقدمه على الفاعل‬: Whatever (‫ )اسم‬+ ‫فعل‬+ ‫فاعل‬
-He can swim. He can dive. (Not only) Although he is clever, he can’t answer.
Not only can he swim, but he can also dive. However clever he is, he can’t answer.
:(do/does/did)2- ‫عند عدم وجود فعل مساعد نستخدم‬ He is clever. However, he can’t answer.
2-Last week, not only did we go to the market but also we went to the zoo. He is clever, however he can’t answer.
- Last week, we not only went to the market but also we went to the zoo.
‫اسم أو‬despite/in spite of/regardless of + v-ing
and so / and nor = and neither
However poor he was, he bought an expensive car.
and so‫ فاعل‬+ T‫فعل مساعد مثبت‬
‫جملة مثبتة‬ Despite being poor, he bought an expensive car.
and nor ‫ فاعل‬+ T‫فعل مساعد مثبت‬
‫جملة منفية‬ Despite his poverty, he bought an expensive car.
She can drive and so can I. / He is a teacher and so am I/and so are we/and so Result ‫النتيجة‬
is she.
She was at home and so was I/ were we. / He has a car and so do I. so = therefore = as a result = consequently = hence = then = thus
He works hard. So do I/So does she. / She doesn’t like tennis and neither do I studied hard, therefore I succeeded. (because) (because of)
I/ does he. I succeeded because I studied hard.
Cause‫السبب‬ I succeeded because of (my)studying hard/(my) hard study.
because = as = since = for + ‫جملة‬
because of = on account of = due to =owing to = thanks to = through = for =
out of + v-ing ‫اسم أو‬
We lost the match because we played badly. (owing to) We lost the match
owing to bad play.
He succeeds as he is clever. (Being) Being clever, he succeeds.
I admire him as he is clever. (Being) Being clever, he is admired by me.