NATURE AND ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION

I N T R O D U C T I O N

This unit lays out the foundational knowledge for studying oral
communication. It features essential information including the definition and
nature of communication and the rudiments of communication across cultures.

1 FUNDAMENTALS OF C O M M U N ICATI O N

unit 1

MAGALLANES, E.B., SALAYA, T.L.D.

 TABLE OF CONTENT

lesson
1 Fundamentals of Communication
Nature of Communication
1-5
3
Elements of Communication 4
Communication Process 4
lesson
2 Models of Communication 6-10
Shannon-Weaver Model 7
Transactional Model 8
Interactive Model 9
lesson
3 Features of Effective Communication 11-19
7Cs of Effective Communication 12-18
Barriers to Communication 19

lesson
4 Speech Context
Intrapersonal Communication
20-21
21
Interpersonal Communication 21
Public Communication 21
Mass Communication
lesson
5 Speech Style
Intimate, Casual, Consultative,
22-26
23
Formal, Frozen 24-26
lesson
6 Speech Act
Locutionary Act
27-32
28
Illocutionary Act 28-30
Perlocutionary Act 31

MAGALLANES, E.B., SALAYA, T.L.D.

 lesson
Oral Communication in Context | for Senior High School
2
MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
240 minutes (2 hours per class session)

Instructional Objectives Materials

Cellphone/Tablet Activity Sheets
 explain the nature of communication;
Laptop/Desktop Videos
 differentiate various models of communication;
Printer
 discuss functions of communication;
Bond Paper
 distinguish the unique features of one communica-
tion process from the other;
Source
Balgos, A.R.G. & Sipacio, P.J.F, (2016). “Oral Com-
munication in Context for Senior High School” C&E
Publishing, Inc. 839 EDSA, South Triangle, Quezon
City. pp 2-27.

Note to the student:

Alternative materials that may work in the learning tasks

can be used in lieu of the mentioned materials above.

Let’s Warm Up!

Direction: Come up with a short dialogue showing a one-way process of communication in box A and a two-way process in
box B.
A B

MAGALLANES, E.B., SALAYA, T.L.D. 6

 lesson
Oral Communication in Context | for Senior High School
2
MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
240 minutes (2 hours per class session)

1 S H A N N O N - W E A V E R M O D E L (linear or one-way process)

Known as the mother of all communication models, the Shannon-Weaver model (1949) depicts
communication as a linear or one-way process consisting of five elements: a source (producer of message); a
transmitter (encoder of message into signals); a channel (signals adapted for transmission); a receiver (decoder
of message from the signal); and a destination.
This model, however, has been criticized for missing one essential element in the communication
process: feedback. Without feedback, the speaker will not know whether the receiver understands the message
or not.

noise

source transmitter receiver destination

SENDER ENCODER CHANNEL DECODER RECEIVER

Direction: Check out the following video

and list down the key information men-
tioned by the speaker on the note provided.
Transmission Model of Communication:
Shannon and Weaver
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=kSq5lw1qDUk
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MAGALLANES, E.B., SALAYA, T.L.D. 7

 lesson
Oral Communication in Context | for Senior High School
2
MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
240 minutes (2 hours per class session)

2 T R A N S A C T I O N A L M O D E L (two-way process)

Unlike the Shannon-Weaver Model, which is a one way process, the Transactional Model is a two-way
process with the inclusion of feedback as one element.

FIELD OF noise
FIELD OF
noise CHANNEL OF FEEDBACK
EXPERIENCE EXPERIENCE

SENDER & CHANNEL SENDER &

MESSAGE
RECEIVER CHANNEL RECEIVER

CHANNEL OF FEEDBACK noise

noise

As show in the figure, this model is more interactive. There is a collaborative exchange of messages
between communicators with the aim of understanding each other. It also shows that a barrier, such as noise
may interfere with the flow of communication.

Direction: Check out the following video
and list down the key information men-
tioned by the speaker on the note provided.
Transactional Model of Communication
Communication Coach Alex Lyon
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=yxyuPO451ZU
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MAGALLANES, E.B., SALAYA, T.L.D. 8

 lesson
Oral Communication in Context | for Senior High School
2
MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
240 minutes (2 hours per class session)

3 I N T E R A C T I V E M O D E L (turn-taking process)

Interactive model (also known as convergence model) deals with the exchange of ideas and messages
taking both ways from sender to receiver and vice-versa in a turn-taking process. Communication takes place
between humans or machines in both verbal and non-verbal way. In most cases, where the receiver does not
respond, the interactive model turns into a linear model. Field of experience is also considered a huge variable
here as it affects the message formation and interpretation based on both the senders and receivers experiences
and knowledge.

noise
FIELD OF FIELD OF
noise
EXPERIENCE EXPERIENCE

SENDER & CHANNEL MESSAGE SENDER &

RECEIVER MESSAGE CHANNEL RECEIVER

noise
noise

Direction: Check out the following video

and list down the key information men-
tioned by the speaker on the note provided.
Interactive Model of Communication
Alex Fish
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=Ml5tieIioLc
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MAGALLANES, E.B., SALAYA, T.L.D. 9

 end | unit 1

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from the authors.

All rights reserved. 2020

MAGALLANES, E.B., SALAYA, T.L.D.