EARTH SCIENCE

STRAWBERRY MONTIANO

STEM 11-B

PRE-TEST

1. A

2. D

3. C

4. D

5. A

6. A

7. D

8. B

9. B

10. D

11. D

12. C

13. A

14. B

15. B

EXPLORE

1. It is a science that deals with the history of the earth as recorded in rocks.

-GEOLOGY
2. Solid homogeneous inorganic substances occurring in nature having a definite chemical composition
usually found in rocks.

- MINERALS

3. The remains of a plant or animal that existed in a past geological age and that has been excavated
from the soil.

- FOSSILS

Can you identify from the figure above whick rock is igneous? metamorphic? or sedimentary?

ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 1.1 CLASSIFYING ROCKS

GUIDE QUESTIONS

1. What criteria did you use to classify rock samples?

2. In each classification what are the observable characteristics (commonalities or differences) among
rock samples?

3. Based on the criteria used, what are rock sample that fit each?

ACTIVITY 1.2: MY TYPE OF ROCK

GUIDE QUESTIONS

1. What are the three main types of rocks?

- The three main types of rocks are igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock.
2. How does each rock form?

- Igneous rocks are those that solidify from magma.

- Sedimentary rocks are formed by the compaction and cementing together of sediments, brocke pieces
of rocks like gravel, sand, or clay.

- Metamorphic rocks were once igneous or sedimentary but change by heat.

3. What is the location of each type of rock?

- Igneous Rocks

It can be found above the Earth's great subduction zones, either in volcanic island arcs or along the
edges of continents.

- Sedimentary Rocks

Sedimentary rocks likely to find near sources of water, which is where a lot of erosion takes place. You
can find different types in riverbeds, ponds and coasts and throughout the oceans.

- Metamorphic Rocks

Metamorphic rocks are often find in deep in the Earth or near magma underground. In mountain ranges
where high pressures squeezed the rocks together and they piled up to form ranges.

4. What are the characteristics of each type of rock? Give 3 examples of each type

Igneous Rocks

- Igneous rocks can be easily identified with their texture, density, color, and mineral composition. Its
texture depends on the shape, size, time period to cool down and solidify, and the arrangement of
crystals in the rock.

Examples:

Granite

Pegmatite

Diorite
Sedimentary Rocks

- Sedimentary rocks cover the majority of the Earth's rocky surface but only make up a small percentage
of the Earth's crust compared to metamorphic and igneous types of rocks.

Exapmles:

Limestone

Sandstone

Shale

Metamorphic Rocks

- Metamorphic rocks can be formed through the change (metamorphosis) of igneous and sedimentary
rocks. They can form both underground and at the surface.

Examples:

Gneiss

Quartzite

Phyllite

5. What are the kinds of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks?

- Igneous rocks are Extrusive and Intrusive. According to what I've read on internet sedimentary rocks
has 4 kinds these are Clastic Sedimentary Rocks, Chemical Sedimentary Rocks, Biochemical Sedimentary
Rocks, and Organic Sedimentary Rocks. Another one is the metaporphic rock, in what I've read
metamorphic rocks has three types of metamorphism these are Contact, Regional, and Dynamic
metamorphism.

6. What is your favourite type pf rock? Why?

- My favorite type of rock is sedimentary rocks because it's the most useful type of rocks among the all
types of rocks. Also it can be found everywhere.

ACTIVITY 1.3: ROCK WITH A NEVER-ENDING ROCK CYCLE!

7. Igneous rocks formed when liquid magma or lava/magma that has emerged onto the surface of the
Earth cooled and hardened. On the surface, weathering and erosion break down the igneous rock into
pebbles, sand, and mud, creating sediment, which accumulates in basins on the Earth's surface. As
successive layers of sediment settle on top of one another, the sediment near the bottom is
compressed, hardens, and forms sedimentary rock. Granite is an example of igneous rock, when it is
subjected to intense heat and pressure, it changes into a metamorphic rock called gneiss.

8. Why rock cycle is called never ending cycle?

Because rock materials are continually recycled but not destroyed. Nothing is lost in the recycling
process.

CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING

IGNEOUS

Extrusive - occur when molten rock breaks the ground surface (lava) and cools.

Intrusive - created when molten rock (magma) rises from the mantle and into the crust and cools.

Clastic - sedimentary rocks with distinct grains (finer or larger) and deposited in a mechanical/physical
process (like settling down of finer grains from a river water and then undergoing lithification)

Regional Metamorphism - Contact metamorphism is a type of metamorphism where rock minerals and
texture are changed, mainly by heat, due to contact with magma. Regional metamorphism is a type of
metamorphism where rock minerals and texture are changed by heat and pressure over a wide area or
region

POST TEST

1. D

2. B

3. C

4. C

5. D
6. A

7. D

8. B

9. B

10. A

11. Crystal form

12. A

13. A

14. B

15. B