Solid Waste Management

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 Incineration

❖ Incineration is a type of thermal process of solid waste management

❖ The solid wastes are subjected to controlled combustion so as to convert them into
incombustible residue and gaseous products. These products are later used for generation of
electricity. The gases, flue gases are first treated for eradication of pollutants before going in to
atmosphere.

❖ Temperature range 850 °C -1100°C

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Bamp_AQ4gY

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Incineration : Steps involved

❖ Handling and Feeding the waste to the incinerator

❖ Combustion of the waste in the incinerator

❖ Removal of incombustible waste to disposal site

❖ Removal of gaseous and air-borne products

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Incineration : Types

Batch type incinerator

Manual operation
Temperature is not controlled
Volume of waste reduction is lower
Posses some potential pollution

Continuous type incinerator

Large storage bins

Temperature control
Automatic feed hoppers
Moving grates
Ash discharge system
Exhaust gas cleaner
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Incineration : Types

Rotary Kiln

Fluidized Bed Fixed Grate / Direct-flame

Moving Grate

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Incineration: Advantages

❖ Reduction in the waste volume

❖ Waste incineration may be advantageous when a landfill cannot be constructed because of

a lack of suitable sites or long haulage distances, which result in high cost

❖ Incineration plants can be located close to the center of waste generation, thus reducing the
cost of waste transportation

❖ Residue after proper incineration is no longer a source of pollution. They are non-hazardous
solid waste that can be safely put into landfills or recycled as construction materials

❖ Energy from waste incineration provides a substitute for fossil fuel combustion.

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Incineration: Disadvantages

❖ An incineration plant involves heavy investments and high operating costs

❖ The residues from the flue gas cleaning can contaminate the environment if not handled
appropriately

❖ If not properly managed residue from incineration has to be disposed of in controlled and
well-operated landfills to prevent ground and surface water pollution

❖ Local communities are often opposed to the idea of locating waste processing plants such as
incinerators in their vicinity

❖ Waste after proper sorting can be recycled with future technologies – which is not the case if
incinerated.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6vzcbgBAewU