PRESENT SIMPLE:

❖ STRUCTURES (WITH “TO BE”):

Subject + am/is/are Example:
Positive + Noun/Adjective - I am Duong and I am
your daddy.

Subject + not + Example: I: AM

Negative am/is/are + - Linh is not from Vietnam. he/she/it: IS
Noun/Adjective - I am not good at Maths. you/we/they: ARE

Am/Is/Are + Example:
Question Subject (+not) + - Am I late?
Noun/Adjective ? - Are you good?

❖ STRUCTURES (WITH OTHER VERBS):

Example:
Subject +main - I do my homework
Positive verb(s/es) everyday.
- he goes to a private
school.

Example:
Subject + auxiliary do + - She does not want
Negative not + verb to eat. I/you/we/they: DO
- I do not want to talk he/she/it: DOES
to him again.

Example:
Question Auxiliary do + subject + - Do you hear me?
verb ? - Does she have a
sister?
❖ WHEN TO USE:
● Regular, repeated actions(Example: He goes to bed at 11 pm every night.)
● Facts, things that are always true(Example: English is important to many careers.)
❖ IDENTIFIED WORDS/PHRASES:
● Every + a period of time (every month,…)
● Once/twice/three times/ four times + a period of time (once a week,..)
● In the morning/evening,...
● Adverbs of frequencies: always, usually, often, frequently, regularly, seldom, never,
often,....
❖ NOTE: Normally, for positive sentences we do not use the auxiliary verb do. But if we
want to emphasize something, we may use it.
Example: I do hate you a lot, please go back to your mother's belly.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS:
❖ STRUCTURES:

● at present
● at + specific time
❖ NOTE: You can use the Present Continuous to complain about something that happens
frequently
Subject + Example:
Positive am/is/are + Verb- - I am going to school.
ing - He is eating.
Example:
Subject + - I am not doing
Negative am/is/are + not + anything right now.
Verb-ing - Bao is not paying I: AM
attention. he/she/it: IS
Example: you/we/they: ARE
Am/Is/Are + - Is he playing the
Question Subject + Verb- guitar?
ing ? - Are you playing
now?
❖ WHEN TO USE:
● Actions happening now/in a period of time including right now(Example: He is sitting.)
● One-time or irregular actions in the future(Example:I am seeing my dad tomorrow.)
❖ IDENTIFIED WORDS/PHRASES:
● now
● right now
● at the moment
❖
Example: He is always singing while eating and that is just so annoying!
PRESENT PERFECT:
❖ STRUCTURES:
Example:
Subject + have/ has + - She has lived in
POSITIVE VpII Saigon for 20 years.
- I have worked there
since I graduated.

Subject + have/has + Example:

NEGATIVE not + VpII - They haven’t played I/we/you/they: HAVE
football for months. he/she/it: HAS

Example:
Have/Has + Subject + - Have you finished
QUESTION VpII +... ? your homework yet?
- Has he ever been to
Dong Thap?
❖ WHEN TO USE:
● General past experience (or lack of it) up until the present moment.(Example:I have
never raised a bird in my life.)
● An action completed recently/before the present moment.(Example:I have just
adopted a bird.)
❖ IDENTIFIED WORDS/PHRASES:
● Before
● Ever
● Never
● For + a period of time (for years, for a long time,..)
● Since + time (since 2001,…)
● Yet
● The first/ second time
❖ NOTE: PRESENT PERFECT VS. PAST SIMPLE:
PRESENT PERFECT PAST SIMPLE

Unfinished actions that started in the past Finished actions

and continue to the present

A finished action in someone's life (when A finished action in someone's life (when
the person is still alive: life experience) the person is dead)

A finished action with a result in the present A finished action with no result in the
present

With an unfinished time word (this week, With a finished time word (last week, last
this month, today) month, yesterday)
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS:
❖ STRUCTURES:
Example:
Subject + have/has - I have been studying
POSITIVE + been + Verb-ing English for 17 years.
- She has been helping
us recently.

Example:
Subject + have/ has - It has not been raining.
NEGATIVE + not + been + - I have not been playing I/we/you/they:have
Verb-ing soccer since I was 5. He/she/it:has

Example:
QUESTION (Wh-) + have/ has + - What have you been
Subject + been + doing for the last 30
Verb-ing ? minutes?

❖ WHEN TO USE:
● past action recently-stopped(Example:I'm tired because I've been running.)
● past action still-continuing(Example:I have been living in Binh Duong for nearly 20
years now.)
❖ IDENTIFIED WORDS/PHRASES:
● Since + a point of time
● For + a period of time
● All + time
❖ NOTES: The present perfect continuous is especially useful for putting emphasis on the
length of time that has passed while something is happening.
Example: They have been studying for three weeks for this exam.
PAST SIMPLE:
❖ STRUCTURES (WITH “TO BE”):
POSITIVE Subject + Example:
was/were +… - I was in Binh Duong on
my summer vacation last
year.
I/he/she/it/singular
NEGATIVE Subject + was/ Example: noun: WAS
were + not + ... - We were not happy we/you/they/plural
because our team lost. noun: WERE

QUESTION Was/ Were + Example:

Subject +…? - Were you sad when you
didn’t get good marks?

❖ STRUCTURES (WITH VERBS):

POSITIVE Subject + V-ed +… Example:
- I went to the minimart
yesterday to buy some
stuff.

NEGATIVE Subject + did not + Example: I/you/we/they/he/she/

V + ... - She did not know how it/…: DID
to use a computer.

QUESTION Did + Subject + V+ Example:

…? - Did Cristiano play for
Manchester United?
❖ WHEN TO USE:
● the event is in the past and it is completely finished(Example: I lived in that apartment
when I was young.)
● a repeated action in the past(Example:Hai visited his grandma every weekend when
he was not married.)
● a sequence of events in the past(Example:Linh fell down the stairs yesterday and
broke his leg.)
❖ IDENTIFIED WORDS/PHRASES:
● Yesterday
● Last night
● Last week
● Last month
● Last year
● Ago
● at, on, in…
● When + …
❖ NOTES: when we tell a story, we usually use the Past Simple. We may start with the
Past Continuous tense to "set the scene", but we almost always use the Past Simple
tense for the action.

PAST CONTINUOUS:
❖ STRUCTURES:
Subject + was/were Example:
POSITIVE + Verb-ing - In 1994 they were
working in a small town
in France.

Subject + was/ were Example:

NEGATIVE + not + Verb-ing - I was not paying I/he/she/it: WAS
attention while I was we/you/they: WERE
writing the letter.

Was/Were + S + V- Example:
QUESTION ing ? - Was Linh thinking
about her last night?
❖ WHEN TO USE:
● expresses action at a particular moment in the past(Example:I was studying at 10pm
last night.)
● several actions at the same point of time in the past(Example:Our team were
discussing plans, and having a good time.)
● we use the Past Continuous to express a long action, the Past Simple to express a
short action that happens in the middle of the long action.(Example:Linh was walking
in the park when it rained.)
❖ IDENTIFIED WORDS/PHRASES:
● At + a specific point of time in the past
● At this time + a point of time in the past
● In + year
● In the past
❖ NOTE: You can use the Past Continuous to complain about something that happens
frequently in the past.
Example: My friends were always complaining about their parents.
1. Past perfect
● Use: The past perfect, also called the pluperfect, is a verb tense used to
talk about actions that were completed before some point in the past.
● When to use it:
○ To show the order of two past events:
■ Ex: The thief had escaped when the police arrived.
○ To talk about a time up to a certain point in the past.
■ Ex: I had learnt to backflip by the time I was five.
○ An action/event acts as a prerequisite for another action
■ Ex: I had trained well and was ready to play the final.
 ● When not to use it: Don’t use the past perfect when you’re not trying to
convey some sequence of events.
● Note: When using the past perfect, whichever action happened first is
used in past perfect, the other is used in past simple.
● Structure:
○ (+) S + had + past participle
■ Ex: I had had lunch before working out.
○ (-) S + had + not (hadn’t) + past participle
■ Ex: Duong hadn’t showered by bedtime.
○ (?) (WH-question) WH-word + had + S + past participle
■ Ex: Who had accomplished this feat before the 20th century?
○ (?) (Yes/No question) Had + S + past participle
■ Ex: Had you dyed your hair when we went on holiday?
● Identify past participle
○ Words such as: Until then, by the time, prior to that time, before, after,
for, as soon as, by, …
○ Before, after, when by, by the time, by the end of + time in the past …
2. Past perfect continuous
● Use: The past perfect continuous tense (also known as the past perfect
progressive tense) shows an action that started in the past and continued up
until another time in the past.
● When to use it:
○ To show an action that started in the past and continued up until another
time/action in the past:
■ Ex: I had been thinking about applying for a scholarship before you
mentioned it.
○ To emphasise the result of an action that happened in the past:
■ Ex: This morning he was very tired because he had been working very
hard all night.
● Structure:
○ (+) S + had + been + V-ing
■ Ex: They had been working very hard before we came.
○ (-) S + hadn’t + been + V-ing
■ Ex: My father hadn’t been doing anything when my mother came
home.
○ (?) Had + S + been + V-ing ?
■ Ex: Had they been waiting for me when you met them?
● Differentiate between past perfect and past perfect continuous
○ Past perfect continuous: S + had been + V-ing
 ○ Past perfect: S + had + past participle
3. Future simple
● Use: The simple future is a verb tense that’s used to talk about things
that haven’t happened yet.
● When to use it:
○ To talk about a decision made at the time of speaking
■ Ex: Maybe we'll stay in and watch television tonight.
○ To predict the future. (with no evidence)
■ Ex: I think Manchester United will win the Premier League.
○ To talk about promises / requests / refusals / offers.
■ Ex: I promise I will watch a movie with you tonight.
Will you open the door for me please?
● Structure:
○ (+) S + will + be + N/Adj / S + will + V
■ Ex: You will be mine soon / I will die for you.
○ (-) S + will not + be + N/Adj/ S + will not + V
■ Ex: She will not be executed / I will not lie about my sexuality
○ (?) Will + S + be + ? / Will + S + V(nguyên thể)?
■ Ex: Will you be at school tomorrow? / Will you play football?
● Identify Future simple:
○ Adverbs: in + time, tomorrow, next day/week/month/year
○ Verbs describing possibility:think/ believe/ suppose/…, perhaps, probably,
promise
● Differentiate between future simple and be going to
○ Future simple used for future predictions and promises / requests /
refusals / offers.
○ Be going to used to talk about future intentions or plans (which have
already been made at the time of speaking) and to predict the future
(with evidence).
■ Ex: I am going to the Bahamas this weekend, everything has
been booked in advance.
It’s pouring outside. Our house is going to be flooded.
● Note: When the main verb is be, we can still use the Future simple even
if we have a plan/intention
○ Ex: I will be in Dubai tomorrow.
4. Future continuous
● Use: The future continuous refers to an unfinished action or event that
will be in progress at a time later than now.
● When to use it:
○ The future continuous can be used to project ourselves into the future.
■ Ex: This time next week I will be sun-bathing in Bali.
 ○ The future continuous can be used for predicting or guessing about
future events.
■ Ex: You'll be missing the sunshine once you're back in England.
○ The future continuous can be used to refer to continuous events that we
expect to happen in the future.
■ Ex: I'll be eating with Jane this evening so I can tell her.
○ When combined with still, the future continuous refers to events that are
already happening now and that we expect to continue some time into
the future.
■ Ex: Unfortunately, sea levels will still be rising in 20 years.
○ The future continuous can be used to talk about events that will happen
as a part of a plan or schedule.
■ Ex: The match will be starting at 7pm.
● Structure:
○ (+) S + will + be + V-ing
■ Ex: I will be playing football at the stadium at 5pm
○ (-) S + will + not + be + V-ing
■ Ex: We won’t be studying at 8 a.m tomorrow.
○ (?) Will + S + be + V-ing ?
■ Ex: Will you be reading a book at 3pm today?
● Identify future continuous
○ At this time/ at this moment + time in the future
○ At + specific time + time in the future
○ At this time tomorrow
● Note: Do not use future continuous if the clause starts with when,
while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless. Use Present
continuous instead.
○ Ex: While I am finishing my homework, she is going to make dinner.
5. Future perfect:
● Use: We use the future perfect simple to talk about something that will
be completed before a specific time in the future.
● When to use it:
○ To talk about something that will be completed before a specific time/
action/event in the future.
■ Ex: I will have finished my homework before 11 o’clock this evening.
● Structure:
○ (+)S + will + have + VpII
■ Ex: I will have finished my homework before 11 o’clock this evening.
○ (-)S + will + not + have + VpII
■ Ex: My father will not have come home by 9 pm this evening.
 ○ (?)Will + S + have + VpII ?
■ Ex: Will you have finished your homework by 10pm?
● Identify future perfect
○ By + time in the future; by the end of + time in the future; by the time…;
before + time in the future
■ Ex: By the end of this month I will have finished my painting.
● Note: The future perfect tense is only for actions that will be complete
before a specified point in the future. In other words, the action you’re
talking about must have a deadline. If you don’t mention a deadline, use
the simple future tense instead of the future perfect tense.
○ Ex: We will play football (no deadline so simple future is used).
6. Future perfect continuous
● Use: The future perfect continuous, also sometimes called the future
perfect progressive, is a verb tense that describes actions that will
continue up until a point in the future.
● When to use it
○ To describe actions that will continue up until a point in the future.
■ Ex: By March 15th, I’ll have been working for this company for 6
years.
○ To emphasize the continuity of an action/event compared to an
action/event in the future
■ Ex: When I get my degree, I will have been studying at Cambridge
for four years.
● When not to use it
○ Like all future forms, the future perfect continuous cannot be used in
clauses beginning with time expressions such as: when, while, before,
after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless, etc. Instead of future perfect
continuous, present perfect continuous is used.
■ Ex: Unless you will have been working hard/ have been working hard,
you won’t get good grades.
○ Non - Action/ Non - Continuous Verbs Do Not Use the Future Perfect
Continuous:
■ state: be, cost, fit, mean, suit
■ possession: belong, have
■ senses: feel, hear, see, smell, taste, touch
■ feelings: hate, hope, like, love, prefer, regret, want, wish
■ brain work: believe, know, think, understand
■ Ex: Ned will have been having/ will have had his driver’s license for
over two years:
 ● Structure
○ (+) S + will + have + been +V-ing
■ Ex: We will have been living in this house for 10 years by next month.
○ (-) S + will not/ won’t + have + been + V-ing
■ Ex: We won’t have been working at 10am tomorrow.
○ (?) Will + S + have + been + V-ing?
■ Ex: Will you have been learning English for 12 years by the end of
this year?
● Identify Future perfect continuous
○ By + then; by + time in the future; by the end of this week/month/year;
By the time + a clause in the simple present
■ Ex: By the time you come back, I will have been waiting for you for
three hours.

PHÂN CÔNG NHIỆM VỤ:

Powerpoint: Duy
Trò chơi: Quỳnh Anh
Nội dung: Dương (6 thì đầu) + Bảo (6 thì sau)
Thuyết trình: Gia Linh + Việt Trung