Find the equations of the tangent and the normal at the point indicated.

1 1 17
𝑦 = ሺ−𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 8ሻ = ሾ−ሺ3ሻ2 + 6ሺ3ሻ + 8ሿ =
2 2 2
Let: 𝑚𝑡 = 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 17
𝑚𝑛 = 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 ∴ ൬3, ൰
2
tangent: 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑡 ሺ𝑥 − ℎሻ + 𝑘 1
normal: 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑛 ሺ𝑥 − ℎሻ + 𝑘 𝑦′ = ሺ−2𝑥 + 6 + 0ሻ = −𝑥 + 3
2
1. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 @ ሺ1,2ሻ 𝑚𝑡 = −ሺ3ሻ + 3 = 0 ∴ ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙
1
𝑚𝑡 ሾ@ ሺℎ, 𝑘ሻሿ = 𝑓 ′ ሺℎሻ 𝑚𝑛 = − 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 ∴ 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙
0
1
𝑚𝑛 = − 𝟏𝟕
𝑚𝑡 t: 𝒚=
𝟐
n: 𝒙=𝟑
𝑦 ′ = 3ሺ2𝑥ሻ − 2 + 0 = 6𝑥 − 2
5. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 0 @ ሺ0,0ሻ
𝑚𝑡 = 6ሺ1ሻ − 2 = 6 − 2 = 4
1 1
𝑚𝑛 = − =− 2𝑥 + ሺ2𝑦ሻ𝑦 ′ − 6 + ሺ2ሻ𝑦 ′ = 0
ሺ4ሻ 4 ሺ2𝑦 + 2ሻ𝑦 ′ + 2𝑥 − 6 = 0
−2𝑥 + 6
t: 𝑦 = 4ሺ𝑥 − 1ሻ + 2 = 4𝑥 − 4 + 2 = 4𝑥 − 2 𝑦′ =
2𝑦 + 2
𝒚 − 𝟒𝒙 = −𝟐
1 1 1 1 9
n:: 𝑦 = − ሺ𝑥 − 1ሻ + 2 = − 𝑥 + + 2 = − 𝑥 + −2ሺ0ሻ + 6 6
4 4 4 4 4
𝑚𝑡 = = =3
𝟒𝒚 + 𝒙 = 𝟗 2ሺ0ሻ + 2 2
1
2. 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 − 2 @ ሺ1, −4ሻ 𝑚𝑛 = −
3
𝑦 ′ = ሺ3𝑥 2 ሻ − 3ሺ2𝑥ሻ − 0 = 3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 t: 𝑦 = 3ሺ𝑥 − 0ሻ + 0 = 3𝑥
𝒚 − 𝟑𝒙 = 𝟎
𝑚𝑡 = 3ሺ1ሻ2 − 6ሺ1ሻ = −3 1 1
1 1 n: 𝑦 = − ሺ𝑥 − 0ሻ + 0 = − 𝑥
3 3
𝑚𝑛 = − = 𝟑𝒚 + 𝒙 = 𝟎
−3 3
t: 𝑦 = −3ሺ𝑥 − 1ሻ − 4 = −3𝑥 + 3 − 4 = −3𝑥 − 1 6. 𝑦 = ሺ2𝑥 − 1ሻ3 @ 𝑥 = 1
𝒚 + 𝟑𝒙 = −𝟏
1 1 1 1 13 𝑦 = ሾ2ሺ1ሻ − 1ሿ3 = 1
n: 𝑦 = ሺ𝑥 − 1ሻ − 4 = 𝑥 − − 4 = 𝑥 −
3 3 3 3 3 ∴ ሺ1,1ሻ
𝟑𝒚 − 𝒙 = −𝟏𝟑
𝑦 ′ = 3ሺ2𝑥 − 1ሻ2 ሺ2ሻ = 6ሺ2𝑥 − 1ሻ2
3
3. 𝑦 = 2 + 4𝑥 − 𝑥 @ ሺ𝑥 = −1ሻ
𝑚𝑡 = 6ሾ2ሺ1ሻ − 1ሿ2 = 6
𝑦 = 2 + 4ሺ−1ሻ − ሺ−1ሻ3 = −1 1
∴ ሺ−1, −1ሻ 𝑚𝑛 = −
6
𝑦 ′ = 0 + 4 − 3𝑥 2 = 4 − 3𝑥 2 t: 𝑦 = 6ሺ𝑥 − 1ሻ + 1 = 6𝑥 − 6 + 1 = 6𝑥 − 5
𝒚 − 𝟔𝒙 = −𝟓
𝑚𝑡 = 4 − 3ሺ−1ሻ2 = 1 1 1 1 1 7
1 n: 𝑦 = − ሺ𝑥 − 1ሻ + 1 = − 𝑥 + + 1 = − 𝑥 +
6 6 6 6 6
𝑚𝑛 = − = −1 𝟔𝒚 + 𝒙 = 𝟕
1
t: 𝑦 = 1ሾ𝑥 − ሺ−1ሻሿ + ሺ−1ሻ = 𝑥 + 1 − 1 = 𝑥 7. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 @ its points of intersection with the line 𝑦=3
𝒚−𝒙= 𝟎
n: 𝑦 = −1ሾ𝑥 − ሺ−1ሻሿ + ሺ−1ሻ = −𝑥 − 1 − 1 = −𝑥 − 2 ሺ3ሻ = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥
𝒚 + 𝒙 = −𝟐 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3 = 0

4. 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 8 = 0 @ ሺ𝑥 = 3ሻ ∗ ሺ1ሻሺ−3ሻ = −3
ሺ1ሻ + ሺ−3ሻ = −2
 ∴ ሺ𝑥 + 1ሻሺ𝑥 − 3ሻ = 0 @ ሺ1,0ሻ
𝑥+1=0 𝑥−3=0 𝑚𝑡 = 3ሺ1ሻ2 − 7 = −4
𝑥 = −1 𝑥 = 3 1 1
ሺ−1,3ሻ, ሺ3,3ሻ 𝑚𝑛 = − =
−4 4

𝑦 ′ = 2𝑥 − 2 t: 𝑦 = −4ሺ𝑥 − 1ሻ + 0 = −4𝑥 + 4
𝒚 + 𝟒𝒙 = 𝟒
@ ሺ−1,3ሻ 1 1 1
n: 𝑦 = ሺ𝑥 − 1ሻ + 0 = 𝑥 −
4 4 4
𝑚𝑡 = 2ሺ−1ሻ − 2 = −4
1 1 𝟒𝒚 − 𝒙 = −𝟏
𝑚𝑛 = − =
−4 4 @ ሺ2,0ሻ
t: 𝑦 = −4ሺ𝑥 + 1ሻ + 3 = −4𝑥 − 4 + 3 = −4𝑥 − 1 𝑚𝑡 = 3ሺ2ሻ2 − 7 = 5
1
𝒚 + 𝟒𝒙 = −𝟏 𝑚𝑛 = −
1 1 1 1 13 5
n: 𝑦 = ሺ𝑥 + 1ሻ + 3 = 𝑥 + + 3 = 𝑥 +
4 4 4 4 4
𝟒𝒚 − 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟑 t: 𝑦 = 5ሺ𝑥 − 2ሻ + 0 = 5𝑥 − 10
𝒚 − 𝟓𝒙 = −𝟏𝟎
@ ሺ3,3ሻ 1 1 2
n: 𝑦 = − ሺ𝑥 − 2ሻ + 0 = − 𝑥 +
5 5 5
𝑚𝑡 = 2ሺ3ሻ − 2 = 4
1 𝟓𝒚 + 𝒙 = 𝟐
𝑚𝑛 = −
4 9. 𝑎2 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 @ ሺ𝑎, 𝑎ሻ
t: 𝑦 = 4ሺ𝑥 − 3ሻ + 3 = 4𝑥 − 12 + 3 = 4𝑥 − 9 1
𝒚 − 𝟒𝒙 = −𝟗 𝑦 = 2 𝑥3
1 1 3 1 15 𝑎
n: 𝑦 = − ሺ𝑥 − 3ሻ + 3 = − 𝑥 + + 3 = − 𝑥 + 1 3
4 4 4 4 4 𝑦 = 2 ሺ3𝑥 2 ሻ = 2 𝑥 2
′
𝟒𝒚 + 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟓 𝑎 𝑎

8. 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 + 6 @ its points of intersection with the x-axis 3

𝑚𝑡 = ሺ𝑎ሻ2 = 3
𝑎2
∗ x-axis is 𝑦 = 0 1
𝑚𝑛 = −
0 = 𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 + 6 3
1𝑥 − 0𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 6 = 0
3
t: 𝑦 = 3ሺ𝑥 − 𝑎ሻ + 𝑎 = 3𝑥 − 3𝑎 + 𝑎 = 3𝑥 − 2𝑎
Using synthetic division, try to divide by ሺ𝑥 − 2ሻ 𝒚 − 𝟑𝒙 = −𝟐𝒂
1 1 𝑎 1 4𝑎
2 1−0−7+6 n: 𝑦 = − ሺ𝑥 − 𝑎ሻ + 𝑎 = − 𝑥 + + 𝑎 = − 𝑥 +
3 3 3 3 3
+ 2+4−6 𝟑𝒚 + 𝒙 = 𝟒𝒂
= 1+2−3+0
1
10. 𝑥𝑦 2 = 𝑎3 @ its points of intersection with the line 𝑥 = 𝑎
∗ since remainder is 0, ሺ𝑥 − 2ሻ is a factor 4
ሺ𝑥 − 2ሻሺ𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3ሻ = 0 1
ሺ𝑥 − 2ሻሺ𝑥 + 3ሻሺ𝑥 − 1ሻ = 0 1 3 1 3 1 −2
𝑥 = −3, 1,2 𝑦= ±ሺ𝑎3 𝑥 −1 ሻ2 = ±𝑎2 𝑥 −2 = ±𝑎2 ൬ 𝑎൰ = ±2𝑎
4
∴ ሺ−3,0ሻ, ሺ1,0ሻ, ሺ2,0ሻ 1 1
∴ ൬ 𝑎, 2𝑎൰ , ൬ 𝑎, −2𝑎൰
4 4
𝑦 ′ = 3𝑥 2 − 7 + 0 = 3𝑥 2 − 7
3 1 3 1 3 3
@ ሺ−3,0ሻ 𝑦 ′ = ±𝑎2 ൬− 𝑥 −2 ൰ = ± ൬− 𝑎2 𝑥 −2 ൰
2 2
𝑚𝑡 = 3ሺ−3ሻ2 − 7 = 20
1 1
𝑚𝑛 = − @ ቀ 𝑎, 2𝑎ቁ
4
20 1 3 3
𝑦 ′ = + ൬− 𝑎2 𝑥 −2 ൰
t: 𝑦 = 20ሺ𝑥 + 3ሻ + 0 = 20𝑥 + 60 2
𝒚 − 𝟐𝟎𝒙 = 𝟔𝟎 3
n:
1 1
𝑦 = − ሺ𝑥 + 3ሻ + 0 = − 𝑥 −
3 1 3 1 −2
20 20 20 𝑚𝑡 = − 𝑎 2 ൬ 𝑎൰ = −4
𝟐𝟎𝒚 + 𝒙 = −𝟑 2 4
 1 1 @ 𝑥 = −2
𝑚𝑛 = − =
−4 4 2 − ሺ−2ሻ2 1
𝑦= =−
1
2 − ሺ−2ሻ 2
t: 𝑦 = −4 ቀ𝑥 − 𝑎ቁ + 2𝑎 = −4𝑥 + 𝑎 + 2𝑎 = −4𝑥 + 3𝑎 1
4 ∴ ൬−2, − ൰
𝒚 + 𝟒𝒙 = 𝟑𝒂 2
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟑𝟏
n: 𝒚 = ቀ𝒙 − 𝒂ቁ + 𝟐𝒂 = 𝒙 − 𝒂 + 𝟐𝒂 = 𝒙 + 𝒂
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟏𝟔 𝟒 𝟏𝟔 𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑦 − 2 = 0
𝟏𝟔𝒚 − 𝟒𝒙 = 𝟑𝟏𝒂 2𝑥 − ሺ𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 ′ ሻ + 2𝑦 ′ − 0 = 0
2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 ′ + 2𝑦 ′ = 0
1
@ ቀ 𝑎, −2𝑎ቁ ሺ−𝑥 + 2ሻ𝑦 ′ = −2𝑥 + 𝑦
4
1 3 3 𝑦 − 2𝑥
𝑦 ′ = − ൬− 𝑎2 𝑥 −2 ൰ 𝑦′ =
2 2−𝑥
3 1
1 3 1 −2 ቀ− ቁ − 2ሺ−2ሻ 7
𝑚𝑡 = 2 =
𝑚𝑡 = 𝑎 2 ൬ 𝑎൰ = 4
2 4 2 − ሺ−2ሻ 8
1 1 8
𝑚𝑛 = − 𝑚𝑛 = − = −
4 7 7
8
1
t: 𝑦 = 4 ቀ𝑥 − 𝑎ቁ − 2𝑎 = 4𝑥 − 𝑎 − 2𝑎 = 4𝑥 − 3𝑎 7 1 7 7 1 7 5
4
t: 𝑦 = ሺ𝑥 + 2ሻ − = 𝑥 + − = 𝑥 +
𝑦 − 4𝑥 = −3𝑎 8 2 8 4 2 8 4
1 1 1 1 𝟖𝒚 − 𝟕𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎
n: 𝑦 = − ቀ𝑥 − 𝑎ቁ − 2𝑎 = − 𝑥 + 𝑎 − 2𝑎 8 1 8 16 1 8 39
4 4 4 16 n: 𝑦 = − ሺ𝑥 + 2ሻ − = − 𝑥 − − = − 𝑥 −
1 31 7 2 7 7 2 7 14
=− 𝑥−
4 16 𝟏𝟒𝒚 + 𝟏𝟔𝒙 = −𝟑𝟗
16𝑦 + 4𝑥 = −31
13. ሺ𝑥 − 𝑦ሻ2 + 4𝑥 − 1 = 0 @ ሺ0,1ሻ
11. 2𝑥𝑦 + 5𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 0 @ 𝑥 = 4
ሺ𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ሻ + 4𝑥 − 1 = 0
ሺ2𝑥 − 3ሻ𝑦 = −5𝑥 2𝑥 − ሺ2𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦 ′ ሻ + 2𝑦𝑦 ′ + 4 − 0 = 0
5𝑥 5ሺ4ሻ 2𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦 ′ + 2𝑦𝑦 ′ + 4 = 0
𝑦=− =− = −4
2𝑥 − 3 2ሺ4ሻ − 3 ሺ−2𝑥 + 2𝑦ሻ𝑦 ′ = −2𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 4
∴ ሺ4 − 4ሻ 2ሺ−𝑥 + 𝑦 − 4ሻ 𝑦 − 𝑥 − 2
𝑦′ = =
2ሺ−𝑥 + 𝑦ሻ 𝑦−𝑥
ሺ5ሻሺ2𝑥 − 3ሻ − ሺ2ሻሺ5𝑥ሻ 10𝑥 − 15 − 10𝑥
𝑦′ = − 2
=−
ሺ2𝑥 − 3ሻ ሺ2𝑥 − 3ሻ2 ሺ1ሻ − ሺ0ሻ − 2
15 𝑚𝑡 = = −1
= ሺ1ሻ − ሺ0ሻ
ሺ2𝑥 − 3ሻ2 1
𝑚𝑛 = − =1
−1
15 3
𝑚𝑡 = 2
=
ሾ2ሺ4ሻ − 3ሿ 5 t: 𝑦 = −1ሺ𝑥 − 0ሻ + 1 = −𝑥 + 1
1 5 𝒚+𝒙= 𝟏
𝑚𝑛 = − = −
3 3 n: 𝑦 = 1ሺ𝑥 − 0ሻ + 1 = 𝑥 + 1
5 𝒚−𝒙= 𝟏
3 3 12 3 32
t: 𝑦 = ሺ𝑥 − 4ሻ − 4 = 𝑥 − − 4 = 𝑥 −
5 5 5 5 5
14. ሺ𝑥 − 3𝑦ሻ2 + 8𝑥 + 12 = 0 @ ሺ−2,0ሻ
𝟓𝒚 − 𝟑𝒙 = −𝟑𝟐
5 5 20 5 8 ሺ𝑥 2 − 6𝑥𝑦 + 9𝑦 2 ሻ + 8𝑥 + 12 = 0
n: 𝑦 = − ሺ𝑥 − 4ሻ − 4 = − 𝑥 + − 4 = − 𝑥 +
3 3 3 3 3 2𝑥 − ሺ6𝑦 + 6𝑥𝑦 ′ ሻ + 9ሺ2𝑦𝑦 ′ ሻ + 8 + 0 = 0
𝟑𝒚 + 𝟓𝒙 = 𝟖 2𝑥 − 6𝑦 − 6𝑥𝑦 ′ + 18𝑦𝑦 ′ + 8 = 0
ሺ−6𝑥 + 18𝑦ሻ𝑦 ′ = −2𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 8
12. 𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑦 − 2 = 0 @ 𝑥 = −2 2ሺ−𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 4ሻ 3𝑦 − 𝑥 − 4
𝑦′ = =
ሺ−𝑥 + 2ሻ𝑦 = −𝑥 2 + 2 2ሺ−3𝑥 + 9𝑦ሻ 9𝑦 − 3𝑥
−𝑥 2 + 2 2 − 𝑥 2
𝑦= = 3ሺ0ሻ − ሺ−2ሻ − 4 1
−𝑥 + 2 2−𝑥 𝑚𝑡 = =−
9ሺ0ሻ − 3ሺ−2ሻ 3
 1
𝑚𝑛 = − =3
1
−
3
1 1 2
t: 𝑦 = − ሺ𝑥 + 2ሻ + 0 = − 𝑥 −
3 3 3
𝟑𝒚 + 𝒙 = −𝟐
n: 𝑦 = 3ሺ𝑥 + 2ሻ + 0 = 3𝑥 + 6
𝒚 − 𝟑𝒙 = 𝟔

𝑥3
15. The cissoids 𝑦 2 = @ ሺ𝑎, 𝑎ሻ
2𝑎−𝑥

ሺ3𝑥 2 ሻሺ2𝑎 − 𝑥ሻ − ሺ−1ሻሺ𝑥 3 ሻ 6𝑎𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 3 + 𝑥 3

2𝑦𝑦 ′ = =
ሺ2𝑎 − 𝑥ሻ2 ሺ2𝑎 − 𝑥ሻ2
2 3
6𝑎𝑥 − 2𝑥 2ሺ3𝑎𝑥 2 − 𝑥 3 ሻ
= =
ሺ2𝑎 − 𝑥ሻ2 ሺ2𝑎 − 𝑥ሻ2
2 3ሻ 2
2ሺ3𝑎𝑥 − 𝑥 ሺ3𝑎𝑥 − 𝑥 3ሻ
𝑦′ = 2
=
2𝑦ሺ2𝑎 − 𝑥ሻ 𝑦ሺ2𝑎 − 𝑥ሻ2

ሾ3𝑎ሺ𝑎ሻ2 − ሺ𝑎ሻ3 ሿ 3𝑎3 − 𝑎3 2𝑎3

𝑚𝑡 = = = 3 =2
ሺ𝑎ሻሾ2𝑎 − ሺ𝑎ሻሿ2 𝑎ሺ𝑎ሻ2 𝑎
1
𝑚𝑛 = −
2
t: 𝑦 = 2ሺ𝑥 − 𝑎ሻ + 𝑎 = 2𝑥 − 2𝑎 + 𝑎 = 2𝑥 − 𝑎
𝒚 − 𝟐𝒙 = −𝒂
1 1 𝑎 1 3𝑎
n: 𝑦 = − ሺ𝑥 − 𝑎ሻ + 𝑎 = − 𝑥 + + 𝑎 = − 𝑥 +
2 2 2 2 2
𝟐𝒚 + 𝒙 = 𝟑𝒂

16. ~
3 3
17. The folium 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 = 3𝑎𝑥𝑦 @ ቀ 𝑎, 𝑎ቁ
2 2

1
ሾ3𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 𝑦 ′ = ሺ3𝑎𝑦 + 3𝑎𝑥𝑦 ′ ሻሿ
3
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 𝑦 ′ = 𝑎𝑦 + 𝑎𝑥𝑦 ′
ሺ𝑦 2 − 𝑎𝑥ሻ𝑦 ′ = 𝑎𝑦 − 𝑥 2
𝑎𝑦 − 𝑥 2
𝑦′ = 2
𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥

3 3 2 3 2 9 2
𝑎 ቀ 𝑎ቁ − ቀ 𝑎ቁ 𝑎 − 𝑎
𝑚𝑡 = 2 2 =2 4 = −1
3 2
3 9 2 3 2
ቀ 𝑎ቁ − 𝑎 ቀ 𝑎ቁ 4 𝑎 − 2 𝑎
2 2
1
𝑚𝑛 = − =1
−1
3 3 3 3
t: 𝑦 = −1 ቀ𝑥 − 𝑎ቁ + 𝑎 = −𝑥 + 𝑎 + 𝑎 = −𝑥 + 3𝑎
2 2 2 2
𝒚 + 𝒙 = 𝟑𝒂
3 3 3 3
n: 𝑦 = 1 ቀ𝑥 − 𝑎ቁ + 𝑎 = 𝑥 − 𝑎 + 𝑎 = 𝑥
2 2 2 2
𝒚−𝒙= 𝟎

18. ~