Simply Supported Secondary Composite Beam (EN)

Example: Simply supported secondary composite beam
Document Ref: SX014a-EN-EU Sheet 1 of 10

CALCULATION SHEET
Title Example: Simply supported secondary composite beam
Eurocode Ref EN 1994-1-1

Made by Arnaud LEMAIRE Date August 2005
Checked by Alain Bureau Date August 2005
Example: Simply supported secondary

composite beam
This example deals with a simply supported secondary composite beam
under a uniformly distributed loading.
The following distributed loads are applied to the beam.
• self-weight of the beam
• concrete slab
• imposed load
The beam is a I-rolled profile in bending about the strong axis. This example
This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Steel Licence Agreement
includes :
- the classification of the cross-section,
- the calculation of the effective width of the concrete flange,
- the calculation of shear resistance of a headed stud,
- the calculation of the degree of shear connection,
- the calculation of bending resistance,
- the calculation of shear resistance,
- the calculation of longitudinal shear resistance of the slab,
- the calculation of deflection at serviceability limit state.
This example does not include any shear buckling verification of the web.
Partial factors
• γG = 1,35 (permanent loads) EN 1990
• γQ = 1,50 (variable loads)
• γM0 = 1,0 EN 1993-1-1
§ 6.1 (1)
• γM1 = 1,0
EN 1994-1-1
Created on Tuesday, December 04, 2007
• γV = 1,25 § 6.6.3.1
EN 1992-1-1
• γC = 1,5

CALCULATION SHEET

Basic data
Design a composite floor beam of a multi-storey building according to the
data given below. The beam is assumed to be fully propped during
construction.
The profiled steel sheeting is transverse to the beam.
• Span length : 7,50 m

• Bay width : 3,00 m
• Slab depth : 12 cm
• Partitions : 0,75 kN/m2
• Imposed load : 2,50 kN/m2
• Reinforced Concrete density : 25 kN/m3
• Steel grade : S355
Try IPE 270 tf

z Euronorm
Depth ha = 270 mm 19-57
Width b = 135 mm tw
Web thickness tw = 6,6 mm y y

ha
Flange thickness tf = 10,2 mm
Fillet r = 15 mm
z
Mass 36,1 kg/m
b
Section area Aa = 45,95 cm2

Second moment of area /yy Iy = 5790 cm4
Elastic modulus /yy Wel,y = 428,9 cm3
Plastic modulus /yy Wpl.y = 484,0 cm3
Modulus of elasticity of steel Ea= 210000 N/mm2

CALCULATION SHEET

Profiled steel sheeting

Thickness of sheet t = 0,75 mm
Slab depth h = 120 mm
Overall depth of the profiled steel sheeting hp = 58 mm
b1 = 62 mm b2 = 101 mm e = 207 mm
Connectors
Diameter d = 19 mm
Overall nominal height hsc = 100 mm
Ultimate tensile strength fu = 450 N/mm2
Number of shear connectors studs n = 7500 / e = 36
Number of studs per rib nr = 1
h0
h
hsc
hp
0,5hp
b1
b2
Concrete parameters : C 25/30 EN 1992-1-1

Value of the compressive strength at 28 days fck = 25 N/mm2 § 3.1.3
Secant modulus of elasticity of concrete Ecm = 33 000 N/mm2 Table 3.1
To take into account the troughs of the profiled steel sheeting, the weight of
the slab is taken as :
0,101 + 0 ,062
25 × 3,0 × (0,12 – 5 × × 0,058) = 7,2 kN/m
2
Self weight of the beam : (36,1 × 9,81) × 10-3 =0,354 kN/m

CALCULATION SHEET

Permanent load :
G = 0,354 + 7,2 + 0,75 × 3,0 = 9,80 kN/m
Variable load (Imposed load) :

Q = 2,5 × 3,0 = 7,50 kN/m
ULS Combination : EN 1990

γG G + γQ Q = 1,35 × 9,80 + 1,50 ×7,50 = 24,48 kN/m § 6.4.3.2
Moment diagram
M
172,13 kNm
Maximum moment at mid span :

My,Ed = 0,125 × 24,48 × 7,502 = 172,13 kNm
Shear force diagram

91,80 kN
Maximum shear force at supports :

Vz,Ed = 0,5 × 24,48 × 7,50 = 91,80 kN
Yield strength
Steel grade S355 EN 1993-1-1
Table 3.1
The maximum thickness is 10,2 mm < 40 mm, so : fy = 355 N/mm2
Note : The National Annex may impose either the values of fy from the
Table 3.1 or the values from the product standard.

CALCULATION SHEET

Section classification :
235 EN 1993-1-1
The parameter ε is derived from the yield strength : ε = = 0,81 Table 5.2
f y [N/mm 2 ]
(sheet 2 of 3)
Note : The classification is made for the non composite beam. For the
composite beam the classification is more favourable.
Outstand flange : flange under uniform compression

c = (b – tw – 2 r) / 2 = (135 – 6,6 – 2 × 15)/2 = 49,2 mm
c/tf = 49,2 / 10,2 = 4,82 ≤ 9 ε = 7,29 Class 1
Internal compression part : EN 1993-1-1

Table 5.2
c = h – 2 tf – 2 r = 270 – 2 × 10,2 – 2 × 15 = 219,6 mm
(sheet 1 of 3)
c / tw = 219,6 / 6,6 = 33,3 < 72 ε = 58,3 Class 1
The class of the cross-section is the highest class (i.e the least favourable)
between the flange and the web, here : Class 1
So the ULS verifications should be based on the plastic resistance of the
cross-section since the Class is 1.
Effective width of concrete flange

At mid-span, the total effective width may be determined by :
beff,1 = b0 + ∑ bei EN 1994-1-1
Figure 5.1
b0 is the distance between the centres of the outstand shear connectors, here
b0 = 0 ;
bei is the value of the effective width of the concrete flange on each side of the
web and taken as bei = Le / 8 but ≤ bi = 3,0 m
beff,1 = 0 + 7,5 / 8 = 0,9375 m, then beff = 2 × 0,9375 = 1,875 m < 3,0 m
At the ends, the total effective width is determined by :

beff,0 = b0 + ∑ βibei EN 1994-1-1
Figure 5.1
With βi = (0,55 + 0,025 Le / bei) but ≤ 1,0
= (0,55 + 0,025 × 7,5 / 0,9375) = 0,75

beff,0 = 0 + 0,75 × 7,5 / 8 = 0,703 m, then beff = 2 × 0,703 = 1,406 m < 3,0 m

CALCULATION SHEET

Design shear resistance of a headed stud

The shear resistance should be determined by :
⎛ 0,8 f uπd 2 / 4 0,29αd 2 f ck Ecm ⎞ EN 1994-1-1
PRd = k t × Min ⎜ ; ⎟
⎜ γ γV ⎟ § 6.6.3.1
⎝ V ⎠
hsc / d = 100 / 19 = 5,26 > 4, so α = 1
Reduction factor (kt)

For sheeting with ribs transverse to the supporting beam, the reduction factor EN 1994-1-1
for shear resistance is calculated by : § 6.6.4.2
0,7 b0 ⎛⎜ hsc ⎞ Table 6.2

kt = − 1⎟ but ≤ ktmax
nr hp ⎜⎝ hp ⎟
⎠
Where : nr = 1
hp = 58 mm
b0 = 82 mm
hsc = 100 mm
0,7 82 ⎛ 100 ⎞
So, kt = ⎜ − 1⎟ = 0,717 ≤ ktmax = 0,75
1 58 ⎝ 58 ⎠
for profiled sheeting with holes.
⎛ 0,8 × 450 × π × 19 2 / 4 0,29 × 1 × 19 2 25 × 31000 ⎞

PRd = 0,717 × Min ⎜⎜ ; ⎟ .10 −3
⎟
⎝ 1 , 25 1, 25 ⎠
(
= 0,717 × Min 81,66 kN ; 73,73 kN )
PRd = 52,86 kN

CALCULATION SHEET

Degree of shear connection

The degree of shear connection is defined by :
Nc EN 1994-1-1
η=
N c,f § 6.2.1.3 (3)
Where : Nc is the design value of the compressive normal force in the
concrete flange
Nc,f is the design value of the compressive normal force in the
concrete flange with full shear connection
At mid-span :
The compressive normal force in the concrete flange represents the total
connection.
Ac is the cross-sectional area of concrete, so at mid-span Ac = beff hc
with hc = h - hp = 120 – 58 = 72 mm, Ac = 1875 × 62 = 116300 mm2

f ck 25 −3
So, N c,f = 0,85 Ac f cd = 0,85 Ac = 0,85 × 116300 × 10 = 1647 kN
γc 1,5
The resistance of the shear connectors limits the normal force to not more
than :
Nc = 0,5 n PRd = 0,5 × 36 × 52,86 = 952 kN
Nc 952
So, η= = = 0,578
N c,f 1647
The ratio η is less than 1,0 so the connection is partial.
Verification of bending resistance

Minimum degree of shear connection
The minimum degree of shear connection for a steel section with equal EN 1994-1-1
flanges is given by : § 6.6.1.2
⎛ 355 ⎞
η min = 1 - ⎜⎜ ⎟(0 ,75 - 0 ,03Le ) with Le ≤ 25
f ⎟
⎝ y ⎠

CALCULATION SHEET

Le is the distance in sagging bending between points of zero bending moment

in metres, for our example : Le = 7,5 m
So, ηmin = 1 – (355 / 355) (0,75 – 0,03 × 7,50) = 0,475
Then, ηmin = 0,475 < η = 0,578 OK
Plastic Resistance Moment at mid span EN 1994-1-1

The design value of the normal force in the structural steel section is given § 6.6.1.2 and
by : § 6.2.1.3
Npl,a = Aa fy / γM0 = 4595 × 355 × 10 / 1,0 = 1631 kN
-3
So, Npl,a > Nc = η Nc,f = 952 kN
With the ductile shear connectors and the cross-section of the steel beam in
Class 1, the resistance moment of the critical cross-section of the beam MRd at
mid span is calculated by means of rigid-plastic theory except that a reduced
value of the compressive force in the concrete flange Nc is used in place of

the force Ncf.
Here, the plastic stress distribution is given below :
Nc=η Nc,f = 952 kN

-
hp 339 kN
MRd
+ hn Na = 1291 kN
The position of neutral axis is : hn = 263 mm

Then the design resistance for bending of the composite cross section is :
MRd = 301,7 kNm
So, My,Ed / MRd = 172,2 / 301,7 = 0,57 < 1 OK


CALCULATION SHEET

Shear Resistance
The shear plastic resistance depends on the shear area of the steel beam,
which is given by: EN 1993-1-1
Av,z = A – 2 b tf + (tw + 2 r) tf § 6.2.6 (3)
Av,z = 4595 – 2 × 135 × 10,2 + (6,6 + 2 × 15) × 10,2 = 2214 mm2
Shear plastic resistance

Av,z ( f y / 3 ) 2214 × (355 / 3 ) -3 EN 1994-1-1
Vpl,z,Rd = = 10 = 453,8 kN
γ M0 1,0 § 6.2.2.2
Vz,Ed / Vpl,z,Rd = 91,80 / 453,8 = 0,202 < 1 OK
Verification to shear buckling is not required when :

hw / tw ≤ 72 ε / η EN 1993-1-1
η may be conservatively taken as 1,0 § 6.2.6 (6)

hw / tw = (270 – 2 × 10,2) / 6,6 = 37,8 < 72 × 0,81 / 1,0 = 58,3 OK
Longitudinal Shear Resistance of the Slab

The plastic longitudinal shear stresses is given by :
ΔFd EN 1992-1-1
vEd =
hf Δx § 6.2.4
Where Δx = 7,5 / 2 = 3,75 m Figure 6.7
The value for Δx is half the distance between the section where the moment is
zero and the section where the moment is maximum and we have two areas
for the shear resistance.
ΔFd = Nc / 2 = 951,56 / 2 = 475,8 kN
hf = h - hp = 120 – 58 = 62 mm
ΔFd 475,8 × 10 3
v Ed = = = 2,05 N/mm2
hf Δx 62 × 3750
To prevent crushing of the compression struts in the concrete flange, the

following condition should be satisfied :
vEd < νf cd sin θ f cosθ f with ν = 0,6[1 − f ck / 250] and θf = 45°

CALCULATION SHEET

⎡ 25 ⎤ 25
vEd < 0,6 × ⎢1 − ⎥ × × 0,5 = 4,5 N/mm2 OK
⎣ 250 ⎦ 1,5
The following inequality should be satisfied for the transverse reinforcement :

Asf fyd / sf ≥ vEd hf / cot θf where fyd = 500 / 1,15 = 435 N/mm2
Assume the spacing of the bars sf = 250 mm and there is no contribution from
the profiled steel sheeting
2,05 × 62 × 250
Asf ≥ = 73,05 mm2
435 × 1,0
We can take 10 mm diameter bars (78,5 mm2) at 250 mm cross-centres
extending over the effective concrete breadth.
Serviceability Limit State verification

SLS Combination EN 1990

G + Q = 9,80 + 7,50 = 17,30 kN/m § 6.5.3
5 (G + Q ) L4
Deflection due to G+Q : w =
384 E I y
Where Iy depends on the modular ratio (n) depending on the type of loading.
By simplification, we can take :
n0 = Ea / Ecm = 210 000 / 33 000 = 6,36 for primary effects (Q)
So Iy = 24 540 cm4 at mid span
And n = 3Ea / Ecm = 19,08 for permanent loads (G)
So Iy = 18 900 cm4
5 × 7 ,54 ⎛ 9,80 7 ,50 ⎞
w= ⎜ −8
+ −8 ⎟
= 16 mm
384 × 210000 ⎝ 18900 × 10 24540 ×10 ⎠
The deflection under (G+Q) is L/469 EN 1994-1-1

§ 7.3.1
Note 1: The limits of deflection should be specified by the client. The
National Annex may specify some limits. Here the result may be
considered as fully satisfactory.

Note 2 : The National Annex may specify limits concerning the frequency of EN 1994-1-1
vibration. Here the total deflection is low and the mass fairly high § 7.3.2
and by experience there is no problem of vibration.

SX014a-EN-EU
Quality Record
RESOURCE TITLE Example: Simply supported secondary composite beam
Reference(s)
ORIGINAL DOCUMENT
Name Company Date
Created by Arnaud LEMAIRE CTICM 14/06/05
Technical content checked by Alain BUREAU CTICM 14/06/05
Editorial content checked by D C Iles SCI 16/9/05
Technical content endorsed by the

following STEEL Partners:
1. UK G W Owens SCI 16/9/05
2. France A Bureau CTICM 16/9/05
3. Germany A Olsson SBI 15/9/05
4. Sweden C Müller RWTH 14/9/05

5. Spain J Chica Labein 16/9/05
Resource approved by Technical G W Owens SCI 10/7/06

Coordinator
TRANSLATED DOCUMENT
This Translation made and checked by:
Translated resource approved by:


Simply Supported Secondary Composite Beam (EN)

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Example: Simply supported secondary composite beam

Document Ref: SX014a-EN-EU Sheet 1 of 10

Eurocode Ref EN 1994-1-1

Example: Simply supported secondary

Document Ref: SX014a-EN-EU Sheet 2 of 10

Eurocode Ref EN 1994-1-1

• Span length : 7,50 m

Try IPE 270 tf

Web thickness tw = 6,6 mm y y

Section area Aa = 45,95 cm2

Document Ref: SX014a-EN-EU Sheet 3 of 10

Eurocode Ref EN 1994-1-1

Profiled steel sheeting

Concrete parameters : C 25/30 EN 1992-1-1

Document Ref: SX014a-EN-EU Sheet 4 of 10

Eurocode Ref EN 1994-1-1

Variable load (Imposed load) :

ULS Combination : EN 1990

Maximum moment at mid span :

My,Ed = 0,125 × 24,48 × 7,502 = 172,13 kNm

Shear force diagram

Maximum shear force at supports :

Document Ref: SX014a-EN-EU Sheet 5 of 10

Eurocode Ref EN 1994-1-1

Outstand flange : flange under uniform compression

Internal compression part : EN 1993-1-1

Effective width of concrete flange

At the ends, the total effective width is determined by :

= (0,55 + 0,025 × 7,5 / 0,9375) = 0,75

Document Ref: SX014a-EN-EU Sheet 6 of 10

Eurocode Ref EN 1994-1-1

Design shear resistance of a headed stud

Reduction factor (kt)

0,7 b0 ⎛⎜ hsc ⎞ Table 6.2

⎛ 0,8 × 450 × π × 19 2 / 4 0,29 × 1 × 19 2 25 × 31000 ⎞

Document Ref: SX014a-EN-EU Sheet 7 of 10

Eurocode Ref EN 1994-1-1

Degree of shear connection

with hc = h - hp = 120 – 58 = 72 mm, Ac = 1875 × 62 = 116300 mm2

The ratio η is less than 1,0 so the connection is partial.

Verification of bending resistance

Document Ref: SX014a-EN-EU Sheet 8 of 10

Eurocode Ref EN 1994-1-1

Le is the distance in sagging bending between points of zero bending moment

Plastic Resistance Moment at mid span EN 1994-1-1

So, Npl,a > Nc = η Nc,f = 952 kN

value of the compressive force in the concrete flange Nc is used in place of

Nc=η Nc,f = 952 kN

The position of neutral axis is : hn = 263 mm

So, My,Ed / MRd = 172,2 / 301,7 = 0,57 < 1 OK

Document Ref: SX014a-EN-EU Sheet 9 of 10

Eurocode Ref EN 1994-1-1

Shear plastic resistance

Vz,Ed / Vpl,z,Rd = 91,80 / 453,8 = 0,202 < 1 OK

Verification to shear buckling is not required when :

η may be conservatively taken as 1,0 § 6.2.6 (6)

Longitudinal Shear Resistance of the Slab

To prevent crushing of the compression struts in the concrete flange, the

Document Ref: SX014a-EN-EU Sheet 10 of 10

Eurocode Ref EN 1994-1-1

The following inequality should be satisfied for the transverse reinforcement :

Serviceability Limit State verification

SLS Combination EN 1990