THE GOLD DI

ĀR A
D SILVER DIRHAM

Islam and the Future of Money

m¡Y© I †iŠc¨ gy`ªv

Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z A‡_©i fwel¨r

Bs‡iwR fvlvq g~j iPwqZv:

Bgivb bhi †nv‡mb

evsjv fvlvq iƒcvšÍi:

Avwidz j Avjg Lvb

Bs‡iwR fvlvq g~j cy¯ÍKwUi cÖKvkbv:
Rvwgqv gmwR`,
76 gyKziv‡cv moK,
mvb dvibv‡Ûv,
wUªwbWvW GÛ †Uv‡e‡Mv

Bgivb bhi †nv‡mb, 2007

†jL‡Ki Ab¨vb¨ cy¯ÍK webvg‚‡j¨ cvevi I‡qemvBU wVKvbv:

http://www.imranhosein.org/

cy¯ÍKwU m¤ú‡K© cvV‡Ki gZvgZ cvVvevi B-‡gBj wVKvbv:

ihosein@tstt.net.tt A_ev inhosein@hotmail.com

evsjv Abyev‡`i cÖKvkbv:

Avwidzj Avjg Lvb, 2009

cÖKvkK:

gvbvivn cvewj‡Kkb
evox bs 192/G (4_© Zjv)
moK 1, wbD wW-I-GBP-Gm, gnvLvjx, XvKv 1206
†dvb: 8711131-2, 8861381, 8861946

AvB Gm we Gb: 978-984-33-4327-7

cÖ”Q` I gy`ªY:
gvwni wcÖ›Uvim
224/1 mvjvg g¨vbkb
dwKivcyj 1g †jb
gwZSxj, XvKv 1000
†dvb: 7191839, 01715-696984, 01824-868012

g~j¨: 50 UvKv
 m~wP
1\ f‚wgKv ...................................................................................... 3

2\ KziAvb I mybœvn&i `„wó‡Z A‡_©i ¯^iƒc ............................................... 8

3\ kÎæ‡`i gnv-cwiKíbv ............................................................... 16

4\ Bûw`-wLÖ÷vb wgÎkw³i gnv-cwiKíbv ............................................ 19

5\ Avgv‡`i Reve ......................................................................... 27

UxKv ............................................................................................. 30
 `yÕwU K_v
gvj‡qwkqvi Kzqvjvjvgcy‡i Ñ kniwUi AvwZ‡_qZvq Avwg gy» Ñ GB
eBwU †jLvi KvR †kl Ki‡Z †c‡i Avwg Avbw›`Z| KvRwU †kl n‡jv 1428
wnRwii igRvb gv‡m, hLb Avwg BmjvwgK fvlY †`evi D‡Ï‡k¨ eQie¨vcx wbR
gvZ„f‚wg K¨vwiweqvb Øxc wUªwbWv‡Wi gvqv Z¨vM K‡i wewfbœ †`k cwiåg‡Y e¨¯Í
wQjvg|
Bmjv‡gi AZxZKv‡ji A‡bK Ávbx‡`i gZB AvRI hLb †Kvb †jLK
åg‡Yi g‡a¨ eB †j‡Lb, ZLb Zuvi wbR¯^ cvVvMvi †_‡K ewÂZ _vKvUv GKUv eo
mgm¨v n‡q `uvovq| A‡bK mgq Zuv‡`i‡K ¯§„wZi Dci wbf©i Ki‡Z nq| Gfv‡e
†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mg‡q ¯§„wZ `ye©j _vK‡j †QvULv‡Uv fyj n‡q _vK‡Z cv‡i| Avwg
†mme fy‡ji ev¯Íe m¤¢vebvi K_v †f‡e ¶gv cÖv_©bv KiwQ|
mvaviY cvVK‡K GB eBwU co‡Z DrmvwnZ Kivi Rb¨ Gi K‡jei
B”QvK„Zfv‡e †QvU ivLv n‡q‡Q| cvkvcvwk G‡Z h_vm¤¢e mij fvlv e¨envi Kiv
n‡q‡Q, I A_©bxwZi KwVb cwifvlv e¨envi bv Kivi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avkv Kiv
hvq †h, mvaviY cvVK hviv gy`ªve¨e¯’vi mv‡_ Lye GKUv cwiwPZ bb, Zv‡`i GB
eBwU co‡Z †Kvb mgm¨v n‡e bv|
GUvi m¤¢vebv Lye †ewk †h eBwU cÖKvkbvi wKQy mg‡qi g‡a¨B c„w_exi
A_©e¨e¯’v‡Z fqven NUbvewj (ev cwieZ©b) NU‡e [hv BwZg‡a¨ eBwUi Abyev`Kv‡j
msNwUZ n‡”Q Ñ Abyev`K] Ges †m¸wj ZvB cÖgvwYZ Ki‡e hvi we‡kølY GB
eBwU‡Z †`qv n‡q‡Q| ZvB GB eBwU‡Z †hme hyw³ †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q, †m¸wji
g‚j¨vqY Ki‡Z cvV‡Ki †`wi Kiv DwPZ n‡e bv| Gici hw` G¸wj‡K wek¡vm‡hvM¨
g‡b K‡ib, Zvn‡j Aek¨B A_©e¨e¯’vi GB cwieZ©b gymjgvb‡`i mvg‡b †hme
P¨v‡jÄ Zz‡j a‡i Zvi h_vh_ †gvKv‡ejv Kiv Zv‡`i DwPZ n‡e|
Avi Aek¨B GB eBwU hZ `ªæZ I hZ cÖKvi fvlv‡Z m¤¢e, mKj
gymwjg mgv‡R †cŠ‡Q †`qv DwPZ n‡e| GRb¨ eBwU‡Z †Kvb m¡Z¡ ivLv nqwb|
Aciw`‡K hviv GB eBwUi †gŠwjK hyw³¸wj‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ki‡e Zviv hLb
A_©e¨e¯’vq Lye kxNÖB Aïf NUbvejx D‡b¥vwPZ n‡Z †`L‡e ZLb Aek¨B
wKsKZ©e¨weg‚p n‡q co‡e|
G chv©‡q Avwg ab¨ev` Rvbv‡Z PvB GKRb mvaviY I gnr
gvj‡qwkqvb e¨vsKv‡ii †Póv‡K, Zvi bvg wbK gvnvwb †gvnv¤§` Ges wZwb
gvj‡qwkqv‡Z BmjvwgK e¨vswKs Pvjy Kivi ïiæi w`‡Ki D‡`¨v³v wQ‡jb| K‡qK

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 m¡Y© I †iŠc¨ gy`vª - Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z A‡_©i fwel¨r

eQi Av‡M i‡qj gvjqwkqvb wg›U-G GB wel‡q Avgvi e³…Zv †kvbvi ci

Z_vKw_Z BmjvwgK e¨vswKs-Gi cÖZviYvg‚jK A_©e¨e¯’vi e¨vcv‡i Zvi `„wó AvK„ó
nq| wZwb Gici mvnm, mZZv Ges ˆah¨©kxj g‡bvej wb‡q m¡Y©gy`ªv Ges mwZ¨Kvi
my`-gy³ A_©bxwZ Pvjy Kivi cÖPviYvq †b‡g c‡ob| wZwb Ges Avgvi wcÖq QvÎ
wmivRDwÏb Av`g kvn, RyjvB 2007 mv‡j gvj‡qwkqvi Kzqvjvjvgcy‡i Òm¡Y©gy`ªv-
wfwËK A_©bxwZi Dci AvšÍR©vwZK m‡¤§jbÓ ev ÒInternational Conference on the
Gold Dinar Economy”-Gi Av‡qvR‡bi wcQ‡b RwoZ wQ‡jb| Ges GB eB‡qi
ïiæi AskUyKz GB m‡¤§j‡b Ô†ccviÕ AvKv‡i †ck Kiv n‡qwQj|
cig KiæYvgq Avjøvn †evb wbK gvnvwb †gvnv¤§`‡K Òm¡Y©gy`ªv-wfwËK
Ges my`-gy³ A_©bxwZÓ cÖwZôvi gnr D‡`¨v‡Mi Rb¨ Zvi Dci ingZ `vb Kiæb|
Avwgb! Ges AviI A‡bK‡K Zvi GB D`vni‡Y AbycÖvwYZ nevi †ZŠwdK `vb
Kiæb| Avwgb!

Bgivb bhi †nv‡mb

Kzqvjvjvgcyi, gvj‡qwkqv|
igRvb 1428, A‡±vei, 2007|

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1\ f‚wgKv
Avey eKi Beb Avwe gwiqg n‡Z ewY©Z †h wZwb Avjøvni bex (mvt)-‡K
ej‡Z ï‡b‡Qb, ÒgvbeRvwZi Dci Ggb mgq Aek¨B Avm‡Q hLb w`bvi (m¡Y©gy`ªv)
I w`invg (†iŠc¨gy`ªv) Qvov e¨envi Kivi gZ ev DcKvix Avi wKQyB _vK‡e bv|Ó
[eZ©gvb hy‡M mviv c„w_exRy‡o †h cÖZviYvg‚jK A_©e¨e¯’v cÖwZwôZ i‡q‡Q, GB
nvw`‡m ¯úófv‡e ZviB cZ‡bi fwel¨`&evYx i‡q‡Q|]
Ñ gymbv`, Avngv`

GUv LyeB A™¢yZ Ges Avd‡mv‡mi e¨vcvi †h, GB †kl hy‡MI hLb
kÎæiv gvbeRvwZ‡K wb‡®úlYg‚jK A_©bxwZi Kwd‡b cy‡i Zv‡Z †kl †c‡iK Vy‡K
w`‡”Q, ZLbI A‡bK gymwjg GB BD‡ivc-cÖYxZ A_©e¨e¯’vi cÖZviYv m¤^‡Ü
cy‡ivcywi AÁ| GgbwK Zv‡`i GKRb GB †jLK‡K A_© m¤^‡Ü Ônvm¨KiÕ gšÍ‡e¨i
Rb¨ mgv‡jvPbvI K‡i‡Qb|
welqUv Lye Kg gvbylB eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Q †h, BD‡ivc-cÖYxZ A_©e¨e¯’v
Bmjv‡gi kÎæ‡`i myweavi Rb¨ Ggb `yqvi Ly‡j w`‡q‡Q hvi gva¨‡g Zviv †MvUv
gvbeRvwZi m¤ú`‡K ˆeafv‡e1 Pywi K‡i wb‡Z cv‡i| GUvI †KD eyS‡Z cvi‡Q bv
†h, kÎæiv †h A_©e¨e¯’vi cwiKíbv K‡i‡Q Zv cy‡iv c„w_exi Dci µgvb¡‡q Zv‡`i
A_©‰bwZK ˆm¡ivPvi‡K mycÖwZwôZ Ki‡e| BD‡iv-Bûw` ivóÖmg~n Bmiv‡q‡ji c¶
wb‡q wek¡e¨cx GK Aïf wgkb cwiPvjbvi gva¨‡g GiB g‡a¨ j¶ j¶ gymjgvb‡K
Zv‡`i m¡í gRywii `v‡m ew›` K‡i †d‡j‡Q, Ges Zv‡`i A‡bK‡K `vwi‡`ªi †kl
mxgvq †V‡j w`‡q‡Q| AvR hLb †KD cvwK¯Ívwb A_ev B‡›`v‡bwkq‡`i‡K Zv‡`i
wbR wbR †`‡ki A_©bxwZi KiæY Ae¯’vi Rb¨ †`vlv‡ivc K‡ib, ZLb †mUv mwZ¨B
Lye †e`bv`vqK| KviY Zviv GB Ae¯’v m„wói †bc‡_¨ Avmj bvqK‡`i wPb‡Z
cÖwZwbqZ fyj Ki‡Qb|
GB ¸iæZ¡c‚Y© welqwU Ges Gi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z Lei¸wj wewfbœ cÖPvi
gva¨g LyeB PZyiZvi mv‡_ Gwo‡q hv‡”Q Ñ GgbwK hviv Bmjvg‡K Zv‡`i ÔivóÖag©Õ
e‡j `vwe K‡i _v‡K †mme †`‡ki cÖPvi gva¨g¸wjI| †hgbUv n‡qwQj 2007
mv‡ji 24 I 25 RyjvB Kzqvjvjvgcy‡ii cyÎv Iqvì© †UªW †m›Uv‡i AbywôZ Ôm¡Y©gy`ªv
wfwËK A_©bxwZi Dci AvšÍR©vwZK m‡¤§jbÕ-Gi †¶‡Î| GB m‡¤§j‡bi g‚jcÖeÜwU
†ck K‡ib gvj‡qwkqvi cÖv³b cÖavbgwš¿ Wt gvnvw_i †gvnv¤§`, hvi m~Î a‡i

1
ˆea A_©vr AvBb-m¤§Z, A_©vr †h AvBb gvby‡li ˆZix|

3
 m¡Y© I †iŠc¨ gy`vª - Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z A‡_©i fwel¨r

ÔA_©e¨e¯’viÕ Dci `yÕw`be¨vcx we‡kølYg‚jK Av‡jvPbv ïiæ nq| GB m‡¤§j‡b Wt

gvnvw_i †gvnv¤§‡`i g~j e³‡e¨i ciB Avwg ÒAšÍwb©wnZ g~j¨m¤úbœ gy`ªvi2 wejywßi
KviYÓ wk‡ivbv‡g GKwU cÖeÜ †ck Kwi| GB eBwU g‚jZ †mB cÖe‡Üi ewa©Z iƒc|
cvV‡Ki AvMÖn _vK‡j GB m‡¤§jb m¤ú‡K© ZrKvwjb gvj‡qwkqvi Bs‡iwR
msev`cθwj co‡Z cv‡ib|
Gme e¨vcv‡i msev` gva¨‡gi wbðyc _vKvi Zzjbvq AviI `ytLRbK
f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡Qb AvaywbKZvq wek¡vmx Bmjv‡gi A‡bK Ávbxe¨w³eM©| A‡bK
mvaviY gymjgvb‡`i gZB Zviv AvaywbK A‡_©i3 cÖZviYvg‚jK ˆewk‡ó¨i e¨vcv‡i
wbðyc i‡q‡Qb| GgbwK Zviv hLb †klch©šÍ AvaywbK A_© m¤ú‡K© Zv‡`i weivU fyj
eyS‡Z cv‡ib, ZLbI ÔAcwi‡kva¨ KvMwR gy`ªvÕ-wfwËK4 A_©e¨e¯’v‡K cÖZviYvg‚jK
ev nvivg ejvi gZ mvnm cvb bv|
G e¨vcv‡i gymwjg †`k¸wji miKvi¸wjB me‡P‡q `ytLRbK f‚wgKv
cvjb Ki‡Qb| Zviv gy`ªvi fqven ev¯ÍeZv‡K nq eyS‡Z cv‡ib bv A_ev eyS‡ZB
Pvb bv| Avm‡j, ¶gZvq wU‡K _vKvi Rb¨ GB mKj miKvi¸wji `iKvi c„w_exi
wbqš¿K †`k¸wji (A_v©r Bûw`-wLÖ÷vb5 †Mvôxi) mg_©b| Avi ZvB Zviv A‡bKUv
µxZ`v‡mi gZ †mme wbqš¿K †`‡ki AvÁven †_‡K wbðyc f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i|
gymwjg †`k¸wji GB KiæY Ae¯’vi g‡a¨ GKgvÎ e¨wZµg wQ‡jb
gvj‡qwkqvi Z`vbxšÍb cÖavbgš¿x gvnvw_i †gvnv¤§`| AvaywbK cvðvZ¨ mf¨Zvi m„ó
A_©e¨e¯’vi g‡a¨ †h cÖZviYv jywK‡q Av‡Q Zv wZwb †h ïay eyS‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb ZvB
bq, eis Gi cÖwZKv‡i wZwb Ggb GK KvR K‡iwQ‡jb hv Bmjv‡gi A‡bK eo eo
cwÛZivI Ki‡Z mvnm cvb wb| wZwb cÖZviYvg‚jK gvwK©b Wjv‡ii cwie‡Z©
m¡Y©gy`ªv-wfwËK A_©e¨e¯’vq wd‡i †h‡Z AvnŸvb Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb, †hb gymjgv‡biv
Zv‡`i Dci Pvjv‡bv A_©‰bwZK ˆelg¨ I †kvlY n‡Z i¶v †c‡Z cv‡i|

2
AšÍwb©wnZ g~j¨m¤úbœ gy`ªv (money with intrinsic value): †hme gy`ªv wb‡RB g‚j¨evb ev
hv‡`i wbRm¡ gvb _v‡K, †hgbt †mvbv I iƒcvi gy`ªv |
3
AvaywbK A_© (modern money): eZ©gvb hy‡M e¨eüZ gy`ªv hv‡`i wbRm¡ g‚j¨ †bB, GMy‡jv‡K
Avgiv Wjvi, cvDÛ, iƒwc, UvKv BZ¨vw` e‡j _vwK Ges GMy‡jv KvM‡Ri †bvU, †µwWU KvW©,
e¨vsK †PK BZ¨vw`iƒ‡c evRv‡i e¨eüZ nq|
4
Acwi‡kva¨ KvMwR gy`ªv (non-redeemable paper money): e¨vsK †_‡K †h gy`ªv †bevi ci
Zv Avi e¨vsK‡K †diZ †`qv hvq bv, A_ev Zvi cwie‡Z© †h m¤ú` gRy` _vKvi K_v, †hgb
†mvbv, †mUv cvevi Avkv Kiv hvq bv|
5
Bûw`-wLÖ÷vb †Mvôx (Judeo-Christian alliance): Bûw` I wLÖ÷vb wgÎkw³, mvaviYfv‡e
eZ©gvb Av‡gwiKv, BD‡ivc I BmivBj KZ„©K MwVZ wgÎkw³|

4
 f‚wgKv

Avgiv GB eBwU Zv‡`i (cvV Kivi I eySvi) Rb¨ wj‡LwQ hviv

KziAvb‡K GK Avjøvni evYx Ges gynv¤§` (mvjøvjøvny Avjvqwn Iqv mvjøvg)-‡K Zvui
†cÖwiZ †kl ivm‚j wn‡m‡e gv‡bb| Avgiv GB eBwU‡Z Avgv‡`i g‚j welqwU ïay
e¨vL¨vB Ki‡evbv, mv‡_ GB cÖv_©bvI Ki‡ev †h gnvb Avjøvn †hb Avgv‡`i mvnvh¨
K‡ib Ges gymjgvb‡`i †Pv‡Li Dci †_‡K c`v© mwi‡q †bb, †hb Zviv mZ¨‡K
Dcjwä Ki‡Z cv‡i| ïaygvÎ ZLbB Zviv †mB A_©e¨e¯’vi fqven cwiYwZ eyS‡Z
cvi‡eb hv gvbeRvwZ‡K A_©‰bwZK `vm‡Z¡ ew›` Kivi Rb¨ M‡o †Zvjv n‡q‡Q| GB
e¨e¯’v Ggbfv‡e ˆZix Kiv n‡q‡Q †hb hvivB Bûw`-wLÖ÷vb wgÎ †Mvwô‡K evav
†`evi †Póv Ki‡e Zv‡`i‡KB Gi wkKv‡i cwiYZ n‡Z n‡e| eZ©gvb we‡k¡i wKQy
gymwjg †`k †hgb BivK, AvdMvwb¯Ívb, cvwK¯Ívb, evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‰bwZK `y`©kvi
w`‡K ZvKv‡j GB welqwU Avi GKUy cwi®‹vi n‡Z cv‡i|
Bûw`-wLÖ÷vb †Mvôxi A_©e¨e¯’vi me©‡kl avc n‡”Q wek¡Ry‡o B‡j±ªwbK
6
gy`ªvi cÖeZ©b, hv m¤ú‚Y©iƒ‡c eZ©gv‡b cÖPwjZ KvMwR gy`ªvi RvqMv `Lj K‡i wb‡e|
A_©e¨e¯’vi GB cwieZ©b B‡Zvg‡a¨ ïiæ n‡q †M‡Q| Avi GB D‡Ïk¨ mdj Ki‡Z
n‡j, hviv A_©e¨e¯’v‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i, †mB we‡kl †Mvôxi Rb¨ Av‡iKwU KvR Kiv
evwK i‡q‡Q, Avi Zv n‡jv wek¡e¨vcx Ggb GKwU mgm¨v (†hgb, A_©bxwZ‡Z aŸm ev
Biv‡bi Dci cigvYy hy×7 Pvcv‡bv, BZ¨vw`) m„wó Kiv †hb gvwK©b Wjv‡ii g‚j¨cZb
N‡U Ges ZviB mv‡_ wewfbœ †`‡ki KvMwR gy`ªv‡ZI aŸm bv‡g|
†mvbvi g‚j¨ †_‡K gvwK©b Wjv‡ii aŸ‡mi GKUv aviYv cvIqv †h‡Z
cv‡i| 1980 mv‡ji Rvbyqvix gv‡m †mUv AvDÝ cÖwZ 850 gvwK©b Wjvi wQj|
kxNÖB GUv 3000 gvwK©b Wjvi Qvwo‡q hv‡e| GKB iKg NUbv †Z‡ji †¶‡ÎI
NU‡e| cÖK„Zc‡¶ gvwK©b Wjv‡ii cZ‡bi d‡j gvwK©bx Ges wek¡evmx‡`i gv‡S †h
gvbwmK AvNvZ Avm‡e, Zvi djkÖæwZ‡ZB B‡j±ªwbK gy`ªv KvMwR gy`ªvi RvqMv `Lj
K‡i †b‡e| Ges c„w_exe¨vcx GK bZyb gy`ªve¨e¯’vi m‚Pbv n‡e|
Avgiv GB eBwU‡Z cweÎ KyiAvb Ges gnvbex (mvjøvjøvny Avjvqwn Iqv
mvjøvg)-Gi mybœvn‡Z A_© m¤^‡Ü wK ejv n‡q‡Q Zvi AeZviYv Kivi †Póv Kie|
Avgiv GUvB cÖgvY Kie †h H gy`ªvi (mybœvn-wfwËK gy`ªvi) memgqB wbRm¡ g~j¨
(intrinsic value) _vK‡e| H gy`ªv‡K †h wRwbm ev c‡Y¨i mv‡_B wewbgq Kiv †nvK

6
B‡j±ªwbK gy`ªv (electronic money): †µwWU KvW©, wfmv KvW©, gv÷vi KvW© ev GB RvZxq
cøvw÷K gy`ªv | GMy‡jvi wbRm¡ †Kvb AšÍwb©wnZ g‚j¨ (intrinsic value) †bB|
7
GB eBwU 2007 mv‡j cÖ_g iwPZ nq| 2008 mv‡ji b‡f¤^i gv‡m hLb Gi Abyev` Kiv n‡”Q
ZLb mwZ¨Kvifv‡eB we‡k¡i †`‡k †`‡k A_©bxwZ‡Z aŸm kyiæ n‡q‡Q, hv eBwU‡Z Av‡MB
Abygvb Kiv n‡qwQj Ñ Abyev`K|

5
 m¡Y© I †iŠc¨ gy`vª - Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z A‡_©i fwel¨r

bv †Kb, gy`ªvi wfZiB Zvi gvb we`¨gvb _vK‡e Ges GKvi‡YB H mybœvn-wfwËK
gy`ªvi gvb‡K K…wÎgfv‡e †Kvb fv‡eB cwieZ©b Kiv hv‡e bv (hv GLb me©`vB wewfbœ
†`‡ki KvMwR gy`ªvi mv‡_ Kiv n‡”Q)|
Avgiv AviI †`Lve †h, eZ©gvb A_©e¨e¯’v BD‡ivcxq wLÖ÷vbiv cÖPjb
K‡iwQj GKwU we‡kl D‡Ïk¨jv‡fi Rb¨, Avi Zv n‡jv ÔAšÍwb©wnZ g~j¨m¤úbœ gy`ªvÕ-
‡K nwU‡q w`‡q Zvi ¯’‡j ÔAšÍwb©wnZ g~j¨nxb gy`ªvÕ-i cÖPjb Kiv| KviY GB
cÖwµqv‡ZB AvR‡Ki cÖPwjZ gy`ªvi gv‡bi Aeg‚j¨vqb NUv‡bv m¤¢e| hLb GB
Aeg‚j¨vqb N‡U ZLb H gy`ªv e¨enviKvix Rb‡Mvôxi m¤ú` ˆeafv‡e nvwZ‡q †bqv
m¤¢e nq, Dciš‘ Zviv my‡`i wewbg‡q †h FY wb‡qwQj, ZvI cwi‡kva Kiv Zv‡`i
c‡¶ DˇivËi KwVb n‡q c‡o| ax‡i ax‡i Gme †`k Ggbfv‡e dvu‡` c‡o hvq †h
Zviv Avi KLbB G FY †kva Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, Ges Gfv‡e Zviv HmKj †`‡ki
`qvi Dci wbf©i Ki‡Z eva¨ nq hviv Zv‡`i Dci wekvj F‡Yi †evSv Pvwc‡q
w`‡q‡Q| Hme †`‡ki GB m‡›`nRbK FY`v‡bi g‚j D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv Zv‡`i Dci
AviI Mfxifv‡e wbqš¿Y cÖwZôv Kiv|8
†hme †`‡ki gy`ªvi Aeg‚j¨vqb N‡U, gy`ªve¨e¯’v wbqš¿YKvix †`k¸wji
Kv‡Q Hme †`‡ki Rwg, kÖg, cY¨ Avi wewfbœ †mevi g‚j¨ µ‡gB Kg‡Z _v‡K| Avi
Gfv‡eB †`Lv hvq c„w_exi GKUv Ask wejvwmZvi mv‡_ emevm Ki‡Z cvi‡Q, Avi
c„w_exi evwK As‡ki gvbyl wbqZ g‚j¨ nviv‡Z _vKv gy`ªve¨e¯’v wb‡q w`b hvcb
Ki‡Q| cÖwZwbqZ Zv‡`i Nvg Avi kÖ‡gi wewbg‡q Zviv Ggb me jy‡Uiv‡`i `v‡m
cwiYZ n‡”Q hviv wPi¯’vqxfv‡e abx, A_©vr RxebhvÎvq wPi¯’vqxfv‡e Rvnv‡Ri cÖ_g
†kÖYxi wU‡K‡Ui AwaKvix| we‡klfv‡e wPwýZ Hme †`‡k hLb `vwi`ª Pigfv‡e e„w×
cvq, ZLb m¡vfvweKfv‡eB `ybx©wZI e„w× cvq| m¤§vwbZ cvVK, GLb mvgvb¨ cwigvY
wePvieyw× cÖ‡qvM K‡i GKwU cÖ‡kœi DËi †ei K‡i wbb: †Kb wek¡Ry‡o gymwjg
†`k¸wj A_©‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Û `ybx©wZ‡Z AvµvšÍ, †hLv‡b cvðvZ¨ †`k¸wj (hviv
cÖZviYvg‚jK gy`ªve¨e¯’vi gva¨‡g Ab¨‡`i kÖ‡g AwR©Z m¤ú` jy‡U wb‡”Q) Abyiƒc
†Kvb `ybx©wZ QvovB my‡L-kvwšÍ‡Z evm Ki‡Q?
Zvici †hme †`‡ki gy`ªvi Aeg~j¨vqY N‡U‡Q, AvšÍR©vwZK gy`ªv Znwej
(AvB-Gg-Gd) †mme †`k‡K e¨vcKnv‡i †emiKvixKi‡Y eva¨ K‡i, †hb jy‡Uiviv
Lye mn‡RB Hme †`k¸wji †Zj I M¨vm‡¶Î, we`~¨Z I †Uwj‡dvb †Kv¤úvwb¸wj‡K
wK‡b (ev Avq‡Ë wb‡q) wb‡Z cv‡i| Avi hLb Gme †¶Î¸wj Zv‡`i nv‡Z P‡j
hvq, ZLb Zv hvq Zv‡`i cÖK„Z g‚‡j¨i †P‡q A‡bK A‡bK Kg g‚‡j¨| Avi GRb¨B
†fwbRy‡qjvi †cÖwm‡W›U ny‡Mv k¨v‡fR GB cÖZviYv ai‡Z †c‡i AvB-Gg-Gd †_‡K

8
†`Lyb Rb cvwK©‡Ýi ‘Confessions of an Economic Hit-Man’|

6
 f‚wgKv

†fwbRy‡qjvi m`m¨c` cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i wb‡qwQ‡jb| †mmgq Bmjv‡gi cwÛZ e¨w³iv

wQ‡jb G e¨vcv‡i GK`g wbie|
GB eBwU AviI e¨vL¨v Ki‡e †h kÎæiv ïaygvÎ †h Zv‡`i A‰bwZK I
†kvlYg‚jK gy`ªve¨e¯’vi Øviv Ab¨‡`i kÖg Pywi K‡i ZvB bq, eis Zv‡`i cwiKíbv
n‡”Q evwK mKj‡K A_©‰bwZK `v‡m cwiYZ Kiv †hb Zviv cy‡iv c„w_exi Dci
GKK KZ„©Z¡ cÖwZôv Ki‡Z cv‡i| GB ˆm¡ivPviB GKmgq Bûw` ivóÖ Bmiv‡qj‡K
c„w_exi wbqšÍv iv‡óÖ cwiYZ Ki‡e, Ges G‡Z Bmiv‡q‡ji kvmbKZv© cy‡iv c„w_exi
mvg‡b GK wg_¨v `vwe Ki‡e †h †m-B mwZ¨Kvi gmxn| Avm‡j †m n‡e fÛ gmxn
ev `v¾vj| Avgiv GB NUbvi GZUvB Kv‡Q †h GB †jLK `vwe K‡ib †h, †hme
†Q‡j‡g‡qiv GLb ¯‹y‡j covïbv K‡i ZvivB GKmgq Zv‡K †`L‡Z cvi‡e|9
Acwi‡kva¨ KvMwR gy`ªvi Dci cÖwZwôZ eZ©gvb gy`ªve¨e¯’vi wcQ‡b GK
myPZyi cwiKíbv i‡q‡Q| hviv GUv ai‡Z cvi‡eb bv, Zviv Gi Øviv m„ó wec`¸wji
weiæ‡×I h_vh_ c`‡¶c wb‡Z e¨_© n‡eb| ZviciI GB †jLK Zv‡`i GB
cwiKíbvi K_v, Gi cwiYvg Ges m¡Y©gy`ªv‡K gy`ªviƒ‡c cybtcÖPj‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv,
eû weÁ mnKgx© I eyw×Rxwe‡K eySv‡Z †Póv K‡i A‡bKUv nZvk n‡q‡Qb|

9
†`Lyb GB †jL‡Ki eB ÔcweÎ KyiAv‡b †RiæRv‡jgÕ (evsjvq Ab‚w`Z) Ges ‘Sūrah al-Kahf
and the Modern Age’| Dfq eB Bs‡iwR‡Z webvg‚‡j¨ GB wVKvbvq cvIqv hv‡e:
www.imranhosein.org

7
2\ KziAvb I mybœvn&i `„wó‡Z A‡_©i
¯^iƒc
AvaywbK A‡bK D`vicš’x (†mK¨yjvi) gymwjg `„pfv‡e wek¡vm K‡ib †h
A_©bxwZ Ges ivRbxwZi e¨vcv‡i a‡g©i n¯Í‡¶c Kivi wKQyB †bB| GiKg gymwjgiv
gnvbex (mvjøvjøvny Avjvqwn Iqv mvjøvg)-Gi Rxe‡bi wb‡gœv³ NUbvwU e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb bv (GgbwK AbyavebI Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv):
ÒAvey mvC` Avj-Ly`wi (ivt) e‡j‡Qb, GKw`b wejvj (ivt) gnvbex
(mvt)-Gi Kv‡Q wKQy fvj †LRyi wb‡q Avm‡jb, ZLb bexRx wRÁvmv Ki‡jb †h
wZwb GUv †Kv‡Ì‡K †c‡q‡Qb| wejvj (ivt) Dˇi ej‡jb: ÒAvgvi Kv‡Q wKQy
wbgœgv‡bi †LRyi wQj, Avwg †miKg `yBwUi wewbg‡q GiKg (fv‡jv) GKwU K‡i
wb‡qwQ| gnvbex (mvt) cÖwZwµqvq ej‡jb, ÒAvn&, GUvB g~jZ wiev, GUvB g~jZ
wiev| GUv K‡iv bv, hw` †Zvgvi wKb‡Z B”Qv nq, Zvn‡j †Zvgvi †LRyi¸wj cÖ_‡g
Avjv`vfv‡e wewµ Ki‡e, Gici Zvi wewbg‡q hv cv‡e Zv w`‡q (fv‡jv †LRyi)
wKb‡e|Ó
Ñ eyLvix, gymwjg

Avgiv GLv‡b Rvb‡Z cvijvg †h gnvbex (mvt) †LRy‡ii cwie‡Z©

†LRy‡ii Amg wewbgq‡K (†hgb `yBwU mvaviY †LRy‡ii cwie‡Z© GKwU fvj †LRyi
†bqv‡K) wb‡la K‡i‡Qb| wZwb Giƒc wewbg‡qi g‡a¨ wievi g‚j Dcv`vb Av‡Q e‡j
†NvlYv w`‡q‡Qb| Aciw`‡K D‡Ui cwie‡Z© D‡Ui Amg wewbgq‡K ˆeaZv †`qvi
bwRi Av‡Q:
ÒgvwjK n‡Z, AZtci bvwd n‡Z cÖvß, †h BqvnBqv (ivt) Avgv‡K
e‡j‡Qb, Ave`yjøvn Beb Dgi (ivt) PviwU D‡Ui cwie‡Z© Av‡ivnY-†hvM¨ GKwU
gvw` DU wKb‡jb (A_v©r wewbgq Ki‡jb) Ges Avi-ivev`v bvgK ¯’v‡b weµqKvixi
wbKU H¸wj‡K (PviwU DU‡K) m¤ú‚Y©iƒ‡c †`evi AsMxKvi Ki‡jb|Ó
Ñ gyIqvËv, Bgvg gvwjK

m¡vfvweKfv‡eB cÖkœ I‡V, †Kb †LRy‡ii cwie‡Z© †LRy‡ii Amg

wewbgq‡K wbwl× Kiv n‡jv, wKšÍy D‡Ui cwie‡Z© D‡Ui Amg wewbgq‡K wbwl× Kiv

8
 KziAvb I mybœvn&i `„wó‡Z A‡_©i ¯^iƒc

n‡jv bv? wiev m¤^‡Ü bex (mvt)-Gi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c‚Y© nvw`‡m GB cÖ‡kœi DËi Av‡Q,
hv Bmjv‡g A‡_©i msÁv‡K e¨vL¨v K‡i:
ÒAvey mvC` Avj-Ly`wi (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z †h Avjøvn&i bex (mvt) e‡j‡Qbt
Ò†mvbvi wewbg‡q †mvbv, iƒcvi wewbg‡q iƒcv, M‡gi wewbg‡q Mg, evwj©i wewbg‡q
evwj©, wLRy‡ii wewbg‡q †LRyi Ges je‡bi wewbg‡q jeb| mgvb mgvb wewbg‡qi
†¶‡Î g‚j¨ cwi‡kva Aek¨B AKz¯’‡j n‡Z n‡e, Gici hw` †KD †ewk †`q wKsev
†ewk `vwe K‡i, †m wievq Rwo‡q co‡e Ges †h †`‡e Avi †h †b‡e Df‡qB
Acivax n‡e|Ó
Ñ mnxn gymwjg

Dc‡iv³ nvw`‡m gnvbex (mvt) cwi®‹vifv‡e wZbwU welq cÖwZôv

K‡i‡Qb:
cÖ_gZ, Bmjv‡g ÔA_©Õ gv‡b †Kvb g‚j¨evb avZyi gy`ªv †hgb †mvbv ev
iƒcv, A_ev Ab¨vb¨ cY¨ †hgb Mg, evwj©, †LRyi, jeY ev wbZ¨ e¨envh© †fvM¨cY¨
e¯‘ †h¸wji GKwU wbw`©ó †gqv`10 i‡q‡Q|
ZvB, hLb g`xbvi evRv‡i †mvbv Ges iƒcvi Afve †`Lv †`q, ZLb
†LRy‡ii gZ `ªe¨mvgMÖx †h¸wji cÖPyi mieivn wQj Ges †h¸wji wbw`©ó †gqv` wQj,
†m¸wj A_© wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡qwQj| G¸wji m‚Î a‡i Avgiv GLb Dc‡iv³
cÖkœ¸wji DËi w`‡Z cvwi|
D‡Ui cwie‡Z© D‡Ui Amg wewbgq GRb¨ ˆea wQj †h GiKg cÖvYx
KLbI gy`ªv wn‡m‡e e¨envi nq bv| †LRy‡ii cwie‡Z© †LRy‡ii Amg wewbgq‡K
wbwl× Kiv n‡qwQj GRb¨ †h †LRyi gy`ªv wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq| †LRy‡ii Giƒc Amg
wewbgq‡K hw` ˆeaZv †`qv n‡Zv Zvn‡j Kzmx`Rxwe‡`i11 Rb¨ my‡`i12 wewbg‡q A_©
avi †`qvi `yqvi Ly‡j †hZ|
AvR‡Ki hy‡M hw` gy`ªv wn‡m‡e †LRyi e¨env‡ii †mB bxwZ cÖ‡qvM Kiv
nq, Zvn‡j D`vniY wn‡m‡e ejv hvq †h, B‡›`v‡bwkqvi Rvfv Øx‡c hw` m¡Y© I
†iŠc¨ gy`ªvi Afve nq Zvn‡j ÔPvjÕ-‡K †mLvbKvi gy`ªv wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z
cv‡i| Aciw`‡K wKDev Øx‡c ÔwPwbÕ-‡K gy`ªv wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

10
†gqv` ej‡Z †h KUv w`b †`vKv‡bi shelf ev Zv‡K ivL‡j wbZ¨e¨envh© `Öe¨vw` (†LRyi, Mg,
jeY BZ¨vw`) Lvevi Dc‡hvMx _v‡K, GUv‡K shelf-life ejv nq|
11
hviv my‡` A_© avi w`‡q RxweKv wbev©n K‡i|
12
†`Lyb UxKv 1|

9
 m¡Y© I †iŠc¨ gy`vª - Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z A‡_©i fwel¨r

Bmjv‡gi wKQy wKQy cwÛZ hyw³ †`Lv‡Z cv‡ib †h gvbyl †h †Kvb wKQyB
e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡i, GgbwK evjyKYv‡KI gy`ªv wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kivi AwaKvi Zvi
Av‡Q| ZvB KvMR Qvwc‡q Zvi GKUv g‚j¨ wbav©iY K‡i gy`ªv evbv‡Z evav †Kv_vq?
Gi Dˇi Avgiv ej‡Z PvB, nvw`m Abyhvqx mgy`ªZx‡i c‡o _vKv evjyKv ev kvgyK
GB¸wj gy`ªv wn‡m‡e Bmjv‡g e¨env‡ii Dc‡hvMx bv, KviY G¸wj †Kvb g‚j¨evb
avZy bq Ges G¸wj‡K Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv nq bv|
wØZxqZ, hLb †mvbv, iƒcv, Mg, evwj©, †LRyi Ges jeb (Pvj, wPwb
BZ¨vw`) gy`ªv wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡Zv, ZLb gy`ªvi g‚j¨ Zv‡`i ÔwfZ‡iÕ wQj, Ôevwn‡iÕ
bq| ZvB GB nvw`mwU Bmjv‡g gy`ªv wn‡m‡e ïaygvÎ †mme e¯‘‡K mg_©b K‡i hv‡`i
wfZ‡i wbRm¡ g‚j¨ (intrinsic value) i‡q‡Q|
Z„ZxqZ, gy`ªv memgq Avjøvni m„ó wRwbm¸wji AšÍfy©³ wQj, hv gnvb
Avjøvn KZ„K m„ó Ges Avjøvn wb‡RB Gi gvb (ev Dc‡hvwMZv) wbav©iY K‡i
w`‡q‡Qb| wZwb Avj-iv¾vK A_©vr ab-m¤ú‡`i m„wóKZv© wn‡m‡e wb‡Ri cwiPq
w`‡q‡Qb|
me wgwj‡q Avgiv mybœvn-wfwËK gy`ªvi wfZ‡i wZbwU ˆewkó¨ †`LwQ:
1. GUv n‡e †Kvb g‚j¨evb avZy ev Dc‡iv³ Ab¨ †Kvb `ªe¨;
2. Gi wbRm¡ gvb _vK‡Z n‡e; Ges
3. GUv Avjøvni m„ó wRwb‡mi13 g‡a¨ n‡Z n‡e hvi g‚j¨gvb m¡qs Avjøvn
wbav©iY K‡i w`‡q‡Qb, whwb mKj ab-m¤ú‡`i gvwjK|
AveviI wKQy BmjvwgK cwÛZ g‡b Kwi‡q w`‡Z cv‡ib †h, mybœvn `yBwU
Ask wb‡q MwVZ| Gi cÖ_gwU G‡m‡Q gnvbex (mvt)-Gi KvQ †_‡K, wKšÍy Zvi wfwË
Avjøvni wb‡`©‡ki Dci cÖwZwôZ| Avi wØZxqwU Zuvi gZvg‡Zi Dci cÖwZwôZ|
gnvbex (mvt) wb‡RB GB wØZxqwU m¤^‡Ü Zvi Abymvix‡`i Dc‡`k w`‡q‡Qb,
Ò†Zvgiv wb‡R‡`i RvMwZK e¨vcvi m¤^‡Ü wb‡RivB fvj ÁvZ AvQ|Ó GB Dc‡`k
GUvB wb‡`©k K‡i †h gy`ªvi e¨vcv‡i Dc‡iv³ mybœvn AbymiY Kivi †Kv‡bv
eva¨evaKZv †bB|
Gme cwÛZiv `vwe K‡ib †h Ôgy`ªvÕ H wØZxq fv‡M c‡o| djkÖæwZ‡Z
Zviv e‡j, Acwi‡kva¨ KvMwR gy`ªvi eZ©gvb e¨e¯’v gymwjg‡`i MÖnY Kiv m¤ú‚Y©iƒ‡c
ˆea, hw`I GB e¨e¯’vq Bûw`-wLÖ÷vb kvmK‡Mvwô ïay KvMR Qvwc‡q Zv‡K Ôgy`ªvÕ
wnmv‡e Pvwj‡q †`q, Gici Zvi GKUv KvíwbK g‚j¨ wbav©iY K‡i †`q, Ges GB

13
hv K„wÎg Dcv‡q ˆZwi bv, eis cÖK„wZ n‡ZB AvniY Kiv nq (†mvbv, iƒcv, Lv`¨kl¨)|

10
 KziAvb I mybœvn&i `„wó‡Z A‡_©i ¯^iƒc

cÖwµqvq Zv‡`i LywkgZ m¤ú‡`i gvwjK n‡q hvq| Zv‡`i GB gy`ªv w`‡q Zviv
c„w_exi †h †Kvb As‡k †h †Kvb wKQy wKb‡Z cv‡i| wKšÍy hLb gymwjgiv Zv‡`i
(k‚b¨ n‡Z) m¤ú` evbv‡bvi GB A‰bwZK Kvh©Kjvc‡K MÖnY I AbymiY Ki‡e,
ZLb GK m¨yU‡Km fwZ© B‡›`v‡bwkqvb iæwc ev cvwK¯Ívwb iæwc wb‡q Zviv
g¨vbn¨vU‡b GK Kvc KwdI wK‡b †L‡Z cvi‡e bv|
Bmjv‡gi GB cwÛ‡Ziv Acwi‡kva¨ KvMwR gy`ªvi eZ©gvb e¨e¯’v‡K
KLbB nvivg e‡jb wb, Ges GUvI cÖZxqgvb nq †h Zviv fwel¨‡ZI ej‡eb bv|
Zviv, Aek¨B mwVK wePvi Ki‡Z fyj K‡i‡Qb Ges Zv‡`i GB fqven e¨_©Zvi Rb¨
†kl wePv‡ii w`‡b cÖwZdj †fvM Ki‡Z n‡e (KviY Zviv A‡bK gymwjg‡K wec‡_
cwiPvwjZ K‡i‡Qb)| Zviv gnvb Avjøvni m„ó g‚j¨evb avZy‡K gy`ªv wn‡m‡e †g‡b
†bb wb, hvi m¡vfvweK gvb m¡qs Avjøvn KZ„©K wbav©wiZ Ges hvi wfwË `„pfv‡e
KziAv‡b cÖwZwôZ:
ÒAvn‡j wKZv‡ei (ZIiv‡Zi) Abymvwi‡`i g‡a¨ GgbI gvbyl i‡q‡Q,
hw` Zv‡`i Kv‡Q †Kv‡bv Bmiv‡qwj ÔwKšÍviÕ (cÖPyi ab-m¤ú` †hgb m¡Y©gy`ªvi ¯Íyc)
cwigvY AvgvbZ iv‡L, Zvn‡jI Zv Zviv h_vixwZ cwi‡kva Ki‡e| Avi Zv‡`i g‡a¨
A‡b‡K GgbI i‡q‡Q, hv‡`i Kv‡Q hw` †Kv‡bv A-Bmiv‡qwj GKwU w`bviI
(m¡Y©gy`ªv) Mw”QZ iv‡L ZvI †diZ †`‡e bv, hZ¶Y ch©šÍ Gi gvwjK †mUv †diZ
cvevi Rb¨ bv‡Qvoev›`v bv n‡q hvq| Gi KviY Zviv hyw³ †`Lvq †h ÔD¤§x‡`i (A-
BmivBwj) AwaKvi webó Ki‡Z Avgv‡`i †Kvb cvc †bBÕ| wKšÍy Zviv Avjøvni Dci
wg_¨v Av‡ivc K‡i, Ges Zviv fv‡jvfv‡eB Rv‡b (†h GUv wg_¨v)|Ó
Ñ KziAvb, Av‡j-Bgivb, 3:75

GQvovI myiv BDmy‡d wZwb w`inv‡gi D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb:

ÒGes Iiv Kg g‚‡j¨ wKQy w`inv‡gi (iƒcvi gy`ªvi) wewbg‡q Zv‡K wewµ
K‡i w`j Ges Zviv Zv‡K LyeB AcÖ‡qvRbxq g‡b K‡iwQj|Ó
Ñ KziAvb, BDmyd, 12:20

KziAv‡b GB `ywU Avqv‡Z gnvb Avjøvn gy`ªv ej‡Z Ôm¡Y©Õ I Ô†iŠc¨Õ gy`ªvi
D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| w`bvi wQj AšÍwb©wnZ g~j¨m¤úbœ †mvbvi gy`ªv| Avi w`invg wQj
iƒcvi gy`ªv, ejv evûj¨ †mUviI AšÍwb©wnZ g~j¨ wQj| Df‡qB Avjøvni m„wó Ges
Zv‡`i g~j¨gvb m¡qs Avjøvn KZ„©K wbav©wiZ, whwb mKj ab-m¤ú‡`i gvwjK|

11
 m¡Y© I †iŠc¨ gy`vª - Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z A‡_©i fwel¨r

KziAv‡b AviI AvqvZ Av‡Q †hLv‡b †mvbv Ges iƒcv‡K m¤ú` wn‡m‡e
D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q, †h m¤ú`‡K m¡Y©gy`ªv w`bvi I †iŠc¨gy`ªv w`invgiƒ‡c e¨envi Kiv
hvq|
ÒgvbeKzj‡K †gvnMÖ¯’ K‡i‡Q bvix, mšÍvb-mšÍwZ, ivwk ivwk m¡Y©-‡iŠc¨
(w`bvi I w`inv‡gi ¯‘c), RvZ-Ak¡, Mevw` cï Ges djbkxj †¶Z-Lvgv‡ii gZ
AvKl©Yxq e¯ÍymvgMÖx| GmeB n‡”Q cvw_©e Rxe‡bi †fvM¨ e¯Íy| Z‡e Avjøvni wbKUB
n‡jv DËg AvkÖq|Ó
Ñ KziAvb, Av‡j-Bgivb, 3:14

Òhw` (gyw³cY wn‡m‡e) mviv c„w_ex cwigvY m¡Y©I Zvi cwie‡Z© †`qv nq,
ZeyI hviv Kv‡di Ges Kv‡di wn‡m‡e g„Z¨yeiY K‡i‡Q, Zv‡`i ZIev Keyj n‡e
bv| Zv‡`i Rb¨ i‡q‡Q hš¿Yv`vqK Avhve| Zv‡`i †KvbB mvnvh¨Kvwi †bB|Ó
Ñ KziAvb, Av‡j-Bgivb, 3:91

Ò†n Cgvb`viMY! A‡bK (Bûw`) ag©hvRK I (wLÖ÷vb) mbœ¨vmxiv mvaviY

†jvK‡`i gvjvgvj Ab¨vqfv‡e †fvM K‡i P‡j‡Q Ges Avjøvni c_ †_‡K (Zv‡`i‡K)
wbe„Z ivL‡Q| Avi hviv m¡Y© I iƒcv Rwg‡q iv‡L Ges Zv Avjøvni c‡_ e¨q K‡i bv
[GUv Aek¨B gy`ªv wn‡m‡e †mvbv I iƒcv e¨envi m¤ú‡K©B ejv n‡q‡Q], Zv‡`i‡K (†n
gynv¤§`) K‡Vvi Avhv‡ei msev` ïwb‡q w`b|Ó
Ñ KziAvb, ZIev, 9:34

Òhw` me gvby‡li GK gZvej¤^x n‡q hvIqvi (A_©vr Awek¡vmx Z_v

cvw_©e Rxeb KvgbvKvix n‡q hvIqvi) AvksKv bv _vK‡Zv, Z‡e hviv `qvgq
Avjøvn‡K Am¡xKvi K‡i Avwg Zv‡`i M„‡ni Rb¨ iƒcvi Qv` I wmuwo ˆZwi K‡i
w`Zvg, hvi Dci Zviv PoZ| Ges Zv‡`i M„‡ni Rb¨ (iƒcvi) `iRv K‡i w`Zvg
Ges (iƒcvi) cvjsK w`Zvg, hv‡Z Zviv †njvb w`‡q emZ| Ges hyLiædI (m¡Y©)
w`Zvg; wKšÍy GmeB cvw_©e Rxe‡bi †fvMmvgMÖx gvÎ Avi Avcbvi cvjbKZv©i Kv‡Q
ciKvj Zv‡`i Rb¨B hviv fq K‡i|Ó
Ñ KziAvb, hyLiæd, 43:33-35

hw` †Zvgiv GK ¯¿xi cwie‡Z© Ab¨ ¯¿x MÖnY Ki‡Z B”Qv Ki Ges Zv‡`i
GKRb‡K ÔwKšÍviÕ (†mvbv I iƒcvi †gvni, ev cÖPyi ab-m¤ú`) cÖ`vb K‡i _vK,
ZeyI Zv †_‡K wKQyB †diZ wbI bv| †Zvgiv wK Zv Ab¨vqfv‡e I cÖKvk¨ ¸Yvni
gva¨‡g MÖnY Ki‡e?
Ñ KziAvb, wbmv, 4:20

12
 KziAvb I mybœvn&i `„wó‡Z A‡_©i ¯^iƒc

KziAvb AviI cÖKvk K‡i †h, †mvbv I iƒcv g‚j¨evb c`v_©iƒ‡c

ciKv‡jI Zv‡`i ghv©`v enb Ki‡e| Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq, cvw_©e Rxe‡b g‚j¨ en‡bi
cvkvcvwk †mvbv I iƒcv cvi‡jŠwKK ev¯ÍeZv‡ZI Zv‡`i g‚j¨ a‡i ivL‡e|
ÒZv‡`i AveiY n‡e gm„Y meyR †ikwg Kvco hv‡Z m¡‡Y©i KviæKvR
_vK‡e| Ges Zviv iƒcvi KuvKb c‡i _vK‡e| cvjbKZv© Zv‡`i‡K Ôkivevb-ZnyivÕ
(cweÎ cvbxq) cvb Kiv‡eb|Ó (GB AvqvZ I Gi c‡ii AvqvZ¸wj GUvB wb‡`©k
K‡i †h †mvbv I iƒcv cieZx© Rxe‡bI `vwg e¯Íy wn‡m‡e cwiMwYZ n‡e)
Ñ KziAvb, Avj-Bbmvb, 76:21

ÒZv‡`i Kv‡Q cwi‡ekb Kiv n‡e †mvbvi _vjv I cvbcvÎ Ges Z_vq
i‡q‡Q g‡b hv Pvq Ges bqb hv‡Z Z„ß nq| †Zvgiv Z_vq wPiKvj Ae¯’vb Ki‡e|Ó
Ñ KziAvb, hyLiæd, 43:71

ÒZv‡K †Kb †mvbvi KuvKb cÖ`vb Kiv n‡jv bv, A_ev †Kb Zvi mv‡_
†d‡ikZviv `j †eu‡a G‡jv bv?Ó [GLv‡b †mvbv‡K g‚j¨evb e‡j MY¨ Kiv n‡q‡Q, hv
EaŸ©‡jvK †_‡K cÖ`vb (bestowed from above) Kiv nq|]
Ñ KziAvb, hyLiæd, 43:53

ÒZviv cÖ‡ek Ki‡e wPi¯’vqx evMv‡b (Rvbœv‡Z)| †mLv‡b Zviv AjsK„Z

n‡e m¡Y©wbwg©Z, †gvwZ LwPZ KsKb Øviv| †mLv‡b Zv‡`i †cvkvK n‡e †ik‡gi|Ó
Ñ KziAvb, Avj-dvwZi, 35:33

ÒwbðqB hviv wek¡vm ¯’vcb K‡i Ges mrKg© K‡i, Avjøvn Zv‡`i‡K
`vwLj Ki‡eb D`¨vbmg‚‡n, hvi Zj‡`k w`‡q b`x e‡q hv‡e| Zv‡`i‡K †mLv‡b
m¡Y©-KsKb I gy³v Øviv AjsK„Z Kiv n‡e Ges Z_vq Zv‡`i †cvkvK n‡e
†ik‡gi|Ó
Ñ KziAvb, Avj-n¾, 22:23

ÒZv‡`iB Rb¨ Av‡Q wPi¯’vqx evMvb (RvbœvZ) hvi wb‡P b`x cÖevwnZ
_vK‡e; Zv‡`i‡K Z_vq m¡Y©-KsK‡b AjsK„Z Kiv n‡e Ges Zviv gm„Y wmé I
eywU`vi meyR Kvco ci‡e| Zviv †mLv‡b DuPy wmsnvm‡b mgvmxb n‡e| KZ PgrKvi
cÖwZ`vb Ges KZ DËg AvkÖq!Ó
Ñ KziAvb, Avj-Kvnd, 18:31

13
 m¡Y© I †iŠc¨ gy`vª - Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z A‡_©i fwel¨r

ÒAvcbvi †mvbvi ˆZwi M„n _vKzK A_ev Avcwb AvKv‡k Av‡ivnY Kiæb,
Avgiv Avcbvi (AvKv‡k) Av‡ivnY‡K KLbB wek¡vm Kie bv, hZ¶Y Avcwb
Avgv‡`i cÖwZ GKwU MÖš’ AeZxY© bv Ki‡eb, hv Avgiv cvV Kie| ejyb (†n bex):
Avgvi cvjbKZv© cweÎ I gnvb, Avwg GKRb gvbyl, GKRb ivm‚j ˆe Avi Kx?Ó
Ñ KziAvb, Avj-Bmiv, 17:93

Avm‡jB, m¡Y©gy`ªvi (w`bv‡ii) †kl wePv‡ii w`‡bI LyeB ¸iæZ¡c‚Y© f‚wgKv

wbav©iY Kiv Av‡Q| GKwU my`xN© nvw`‡m AšÍ‡ii weï×Zvi cwigvc GKwU w`bv‡ii
mv‡_ Kivi D‡jøL Av‡Q, Ges †mUvB n‡e †`vh‡Li Av¸b n‡Z gvbeKzj‡K D×vi
Kivi cwigvc| wb‡P `xN© nvw`mwUi G m¤úwK©Z AskUyKz †`qv n‡jv|
Avey mvC` Ly`ix (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z: †KqvgZ msNwUZ n‡j GKRb
†NvlYvKvix †NvlYv w`‡e: Ò†h hv‡K Dcvmbv KiZ Zv‡K AbymiY KiæK (A_©vr Zvi
mv‡_ AvmyK)| . . . Ó
Zvici Zv‡`i‡K Rvnvbœv‡gi Rb¨ nvivg K‡i †`qv n‡e; Ges †mB
e¨w³‡`i‡K wekvj msL¨vq evwni K‡i Avbv n‡e hv‡`i cv‡qi A‡a©K ev nuvUz ch©šÍ
Av¸‡b wbgw¾Z wQj| Zviv (†d‡ikZviv) ej‡e:
Ò†n Avgv‡`i cÖfy, Zzwg hv‡`i‡K evwni K‡i Avbvi ûKzg w`‡qwQ‡j,
Zv‡`i †KD Avi Rvnvbœv‡g †bB|Ó wZwb (Avjøvn) Zvici ej‡eb: ÒhvI, hv‡`i
AšÍ‡i GK w`bvi cwigvY ïf cvI Zv‡`i‡K Rvnvbœvg †_‡K evwni K‡i Avb|Ó
Zviv Avevi wekvj msL¨vq gvbyl‡K evwni K‡i Avb‡e| Zvici Zviv ej‡e: Ò†n
Avgv‡`i cÖfy, Zzwg hv‡`i‡K evwni K‡i Avbvi ûKzg w`‡qwQ‡j, Zv‡`i KvD‡K
Avgiv †Q‡o Avwm wb|Ó Zvici wZwb ej‡eb: ÒhvI, hv‡`i AšÍ‡i A‡a©K w`bvi
cwigvY ïf cvI Zv‡`i‡K Rvnvbœvg †_‡K evwni K‡i Avb|Ó Zviv Avevi wekvj
msL¨vq gvbyl‡K evwni K‡i Avb‡e| Zvici Zviv ej‡e: Ò†n Avgv‡`i cÖfy, Zzwg
hv‡`i‡K evwni K‡i Avbvi ûKzg w`‡qwQ‡j, Zv‡`i KvD‡K Avgiv †Q‡o Avwm wb|Ó
Zvici wZwb ej‡eb: ÒhvI, hv‡`i AšÍ‡i GK KYv cwigvY ïf cvI Zv‡`i‡K
Rvnvbœvg †_‡K evwni K‡i Avb|Ó Zviv Avevi wekvj msL¨vq gvbyl‡K evwni K‡i
Avb‡e| Zvici Zviv ej‡e: Ò†n Avgv‡`i cÖfy, hv‡`i AšÍ‡i †Kvb iKg ïf Av‡Q,
Zv‡`i KvD‡K Avgiv †Q‡o Avwm wb|Ó
Ñ mnxn, gymwjg

KziAvb I nvw`‡mi Dc‡iv³ evYx¸wj GUvB cÖgvY K‡i †h, †mvbv Ges
iƒcv gnvb Avjøvn KZ„©K h‡_ó g‚j¨ mnKv‡i m„ó n‡q‡Q, Ges GB RvMwZK c„w_ex‡Z
G‡`i AšÍwb©wnZ g‚j¨ eRvq _vKvi ci cieZx© RM‡ZI †mB g~j¨ _vK‡e| GB

14
 KziAvb I mybœvn&i `„wó‡Z A‡_©i ¯^iƒc

AvqvZ¸wj AviI wb‡`©k K‡i †h, gnvb Avjøvn, weÁZvi mv‡_ †mvbv I iƒcv‡K
Ab¨vb¨ wRwb‡mi mv‡_ A_© wn‡m‡e e¨env‡ii Rb¨ m„wó K‡i‡Qb| GB cwi®‹vi
mZ¨wU‡K hviv P¨v‡jÄ K‡ib, †kl wePv‡ii w`b Zv‡`i‡K Zv‡`i Giƒc g‡bvfv‡ei
KviY Avjøvni mvg‡b e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z n‡e |
m¡xq-gvbm¤úbœ gy`ªv AvR wek¡-A_©e¨e¯’v n‡Z wejyß n‡q †M‡Q| cweÎ
KziAv‡b †h Ôgy`ªvÕ-i wfwË cÖwZwôZ, hvi g‚j¨ cieZx© RM‡ZI envj _vK‡e, †mB
iKg Ôgy`ªvÕ-‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb Kivi Rb¨ mgMÖ gymwjg wek¡‡K `vqx _vK‡Z n‡e|
KziAv‡b D‡jøwLZ †mB cweÎ gy`ªve¨e¯’v‡K AeÁv K‡i Zvi ¯’‡j m¤ú‚Y©
cÖZviYvg‚jK ag©wbi‡c¶ ev †mKz¨jvi gy`ªve¨e¯’v MÖnY Kivi Rb¨ gymjgvb‡`i‡K
GiB g‡a¨ fqven g‚j¨ w`‡Z n‡”Q|
Avgv‡`i GB eB‡qi j¶¨ n‡jv wKfv‡e Ges †Kb mybœvn-wfwËK gy`ªvi
wejywß NU‡jv (ev NUv‡bv n‡jv) Zvi ms‡¶‡c e¨vL¨v †`qv| Avgiv Avkv Kie hviv
GB eBwU co‡eb, eyS‡Z cvi‡eb, Ges G‡Z Zy‡j aiv hyw³i mv‡_ GKgZ n‡eb,
Zviv †hb gnvbex (mvt)-Gi wb‡gœv³ Av‡`k Abyhvqx Zv‡`i cÖwZwµqv e¨³ K‡ib|
Avey mvC` Avj-Ly`ix (ivt) e‡jb: Avwg Avjøvni bex‡K ej‡Z ï‡bwQ:
Ò†Zvgv‡`i g‡a¨ hw` †KD †Kvb Lvivc KvR †`‡L, Zvn‡j †m †hb Avcb nvZ Øviv
Zvi cwieZ©b K‡i; Avi hw` †m Zv bv Ki‡Z cv‡i, Zvn‡j †hb Zv Zvi wRnev w`‡q
K‡i (A_v©r cÖwZev` K‡i); Avi †m hw` ZvI bv Ki‡Z cv‡i, Zvn‡j †m †hb Zv
Zvi AšÍi w`‡q K‡i (A_v©r †mB KvR‡K N„Yv K‡i); Ges GUv Cgv‡bi g‡a¨
`ye©jZg (Ae¯’v)|Ó
Ñ mnxn, gymwjg

15
3\ kÎæ‡`i gnv-cwiKíbv
AvR c„w_exRy‡o GK wekvj cwiKíbvi ev¯Íevqb Pj‡Q, hv eZ©gvb
A_©e¨e¯’vi mv‡_ AvšÍR©vwZK ivRbxwZ, A_©bxwZ I a‡g©i GK m~² †hvMm‚Î eRvq
†i‡L P‡j‡Q| G¶‡Y Avgiv GB welqwU e¨vL¨v KiwQ|
cÖwZwU Bûw` wkï Rv‡b I wek¡vm K‡i †h, gnvb Avjøvn BmivBwj‡`i‡K
GK Hk¡wiK cÖwZkÖæwZ w`‡qwQ‡jb †h Ggb GKRb gvbyl Øviv BwZnv‡mi cwimgvwß
NU‡e whwb n‡eb bex I gmxn, wZwb †RiæRv‡j‡g `vE` (Avt)-Gi wmsnvmb n‡Z
wPi¯’vqxfv‡e cy‡iv c„w_ex‡K kvmb Ki‡eb| Bûw`iv wek¡vm K‡i †h †mLvb †_‡K
hLb BwZnv‡mi mgvwß NU‡e ZLb c„w_ex‡Z Bûw`-wek¡-e¨e¯’v14 _vK‡e Ges
†RiæRv‡jg n‡e c„w_exi kvmb‡K›`ª, wVK †hgbwU wQj myjvqgvb (Avt)-Gi mg‡q|
Zviv wek¡vm K‡i †h, Bûw` wek¡-e¨e¯’v, Zv‡`i wek¡v‡mi mZ¨Zv‡KB cÖgvwYZ Ki‡e
Avi mv‡_ mv‡_ Ab¨vb¨ †h †Kvb `vwe‡K (†hLv‡b Bûw` wek¡-e¨e¯’v‡K Am¡xKvi Kiv
n‡q‡Q) †mB wek¡-e¨e¯’v wg_¨v cÖgvwYZ Ki‡e|
j¶¨Yxq welq GB †h, gymjgvb I wLÖ÷vbivI Bûw`‡`i gZB GKB
wek¡vm †cvlY K‡i †h, c„w_exi BwZnv‡mi mgvwß NU‡e GKRb gmxn-i Øviv whwb
cweÎ †RiæRv‡jg †_‡K b¨v‡qi mv‡_ c„w_ex‡K kvmb Ki‡e| Z‡e Bûw`‡`i mv‡_
cv_©K¨ GB †h, gymjgvb I wLÖ÷vbiv wek¡vm K‡i †h, Hk¡wiK cÖwZkÖæwZg‡Z gmxn
n‡eb Cmv (Avt), whwb Kzgvix †gwi (wewe gwiqg)-Gi cyÎ| Zviv Df‡qB wek¡vm
K‡i, Zvu‡K hLb µykwe× Kivi †Póv Kiv n‡qwQj ZLb Zv‡K EaŸ©‡jv‡K DwV‡q
†bqv n‡qwQj, Ges Hk¡wiK cÖwZkÖæwZ Abyhvqx hLb mgq Avm‡e ZLbB wZwb
†RiæRv‡jg †_‡K c„w_ex‡K kvm‡bi Rb¨ †b‡g Avm‡eb|
KziAvbI Zvi GB cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi NUbv‡K e¨vL¨v K‡i| KyiAvb e‡j
whï‡K µykwe× Kiv nq wb, eis gnvb Avjøvn Ggb e¨e¯’v K‡iwQ‡jb †hb Zv Zuvi
kÎæ‡`i †Pv‡L GiKgB g‡b n‡qwQj:
ÒZviv (Me©f‡i) ejj †h: ÔAvgiv gwiq‡gi cyÎ, Avjøvni ivm‚j Cmv
gmxn‡K nZ¨v K‡iwQÕ| wKšÍy Zviv Zv‡K nZ¨v K‡i wb, Zv‡K µykwe×I K‡i wb, wKšÍy
Zv‡`i Kv‡Q †hb †Zgb g‡b nq (†h Zviv Zv‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q) Zvi e¨e¯’v Kiv
n‡qwQj, Avi hviv G wel‡q wØgZ †cvlY K‡i, Zv‡`i gb †Kvb (wbwðZ) Ávb
QvovB m‡›`‡n fiv, †Kej Abygv‡bi Dci wbf©ikxj, GUv wbwðZ †h Zviv Zv‡K

14
A_v©r Bûw`iv c„w_ex‡K kvmb Ki‡e, GLb †hgb Zv K‡i hy³ivóÖ I Zvi wgÎiv|

16
 kÎæ‡`i gnv-cwiKíbv

nZ¨v K‡iwb| bv, Avjøvn Zv‡K Zvui wb‡Ri Kv‡Q DwV‡q wb‡jb; Avi Avjøvn Zvui
¶gZvq gnvb, weÁ|Ó
Ñ KziAvb, wbmv, 4:157-158

wLÖ÷vbiv KziAv‡bi GB †NvlYv‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i‡Q Ges whï‡K

µykwe× Kiv n‡q‡Q G wek¡vm a‡i †i‡L‡Q|
Bûw`iv, Aciw`‡K Cmv (Avt)-‡K gmxn wn‡m‡e cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i‡Q Ges
GKRb gmxn-Gi Rb¨ A‡c¶v K‡i Av‡Q whwb Bûw`‡`i Rb¨ cweÎ-f‚wg‡K
(†RiæRv‡jg) gy³ K‡i †`‡eb; whwb Zv‡`i‡K †MvUv c„w_ex †_‡K †diZ wb‡q
Avm‡eb †hb Zviv †RiæRv‡jg‡K wb‡R‡`i AwaKv‡i wb‡q wb‡Z cv‡i; Ges whwb
cweÎ-f‚wg‡Z cweÎ ivóÖ BmivB‡ji cybtcÖwZôv Ki‡eb (hv bex `vE` (Avt) I
myjvqgvb (Avt) cÖwZôv K‡iwQ‡jb), Ges me‡k‡l Bmiv‡qj‡K c„w_exi wbqšÍv-iv‡óÖ
cwiYZ Ki‡eb| †mB gmxn Zvici Bûw`-wek¡-e¨e¯’vi Øviv †RiæRv‡jg n‡Z
c„w_ex‡K kvmb Ki‡eb Ges Bûw`‡`i m¡Yv©wj hyM‡K wdwi‡q Avb‡eb|
mgq e‡q hvIqvi mv‡_ wek¡Ry‡o †ek wKQy NUbvi inm¨ D‡b¥vwPZ n‡”Q
hv Bûw`‡`i `vwei mZ¨Zvi w`‡K Bw½Z K‡i e‡j g‡b n‡Z cv‡i| Avgiv Rvwb
cweÎ-f‚wg gy³ n‡qwQj 1917 mv‡j| Zvici c„w_exevmx cÖZ¨¶ K‡i‡Q, wKfv‡e
Bûw`iv c„w_exi wewfbœ Ask n‡Z gy³-f‚wg‡K wb‡R‡`i e‡j `vwe Kivi Rb¨ †mLv‡b
wd‡i G‡m‡Q, †hLvb †_‡K cÖvq 2000 eQi Av‡M GK Hk¡wiK Av‡`‡k Zviv
weZvwoZ n‡qwQj| Gici 1948 mv‡j eZ©gvb (`Lj`vi) Bmiv‡qj ivóÖ cÖwZôv
nq, Ges †mB BmivBj µgvb¡‡q c„w_exi gnvkw³ai (Super-Power) iv‡óÖ cwiYZ
n‡q‡Q, GUvB Bûw`‡`i `vwe‡K cÖwZôv K‡i| GB cy‡iv mgq Ry‡oB Bûw`-wLÖ÷vb
wgÎkw³ (hviv AvaywbK cwðgv mf¨Zvi iƒcKvi), GK bZyb wek¡e¨e¯’v M‡o †Zvjvi
c‡_ gm„Yfv‡e GwM‡q wM‡q‡Q| GmKj NUbv †_‡K GUvB cÖZxqgvb nq †h, gvwK©b
hy³ivóÖ‡K mwi‡q c„w_exi wbqšÍv-ivóÖ wn‡m‡e Bmiv‡q‡ji Awf‡lK GLb mg‡qi
e¨vcvi gvÎ| GiB mv‡_ Bmiv‡q‡ji GKRb kvmK †RiæRv‡jg-‡Kw›`ªK wek¡-
e¨e¯’vi cÖavb n‡eb Ges ZviciB wZwb (Bûw`‡`i) †mB cÖwZw¶Z `vwewU Ki‡eb
†h wZwbB †mB gmxn, hvi AvMg‡bi Rb¨ Bûw`iv kZvwãi ci kZvwã A‡c¶v
K‡iwQj|
Bûw`iv mZ¨ gmxn [Cmv (Avt)]-‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i‡Q| ZvB gnvbex
(mvt) Rvwb‡q‡Qb †h Avjøvn, (whwb †h‡Kvb NUbv NUvi c‚‡e©B Zvi Ávb iv‡Lb)

17
 m¡Y© I †iŠc¨ gy`vª - Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z A‡_©i fwel¨r

Zv‡`i GB cÖZ¨vL¨v‡bi cÖwZwµqv wn‡m‡e GK bKj ev fÛ gmxn15 ˆZwi K‡i‡Qb|

gnvbex (mvt) AviI e‡j‡Qb, gnvb Avjøvn fÛ gmxn `v¾vj‡K Ggb mg‡q
c„w_ex‡Z †Q‡o †`‡eb hLb `v¾vj I Avgv‡`i mg‡qi gvÎv16 wfbœ n‡e, Gici
hLb `v¾vj Avgv‡`i mg‡qi gvÎvq cÖ‡ek Ki‡e, ZLbB †m GKRb gvbyl wn‡m‡e
Avgv‡`i mvg‡b AvZ¥cÖKvk Ki‡e| Gi Av‡M cy‡iv mgq Ry‡oB `v¾vj ev fÛ
gmxn-Gi †Póv _vK‡e GKwU bZyb wek¡e¨e¯’v M‡o †Zvjv hvi gva¨‡g GKmgq †m
†RiæRv‡jg n‡Z cy‡iv c„w_ex‡K kvmb Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
gnvbex (mvt)-Gi Rxe‡b Ggb NUbv Av‡Q hv wb‡`©k K‡i †h, wZwb
gw`bvq wnRiZ Kivi ci, hLb †mLvbKvi Bûw`iv Zvu‡K mZ¨ bex wnmv‡e I
KziAvb‡K gnvb Avjøvni evYx wnmv‡e gvb‡Z Am¡xKvi Kij, Zvi ciciB fÛ
gmxn‡K c„w_ex‡Z †Q‡o †`qv n‡qwQj| ÔcweÎ KziAv‡b †RiæRv‡jgÕ eBwU‡Z Gi
we¯ÍvwiZ eY©bv I e¨vL¨v †`qv n‡q‡Q|
gnvbex (mvt) AviI e‡j‡Qb †h †RiæRv‡jg n‡Z c„w_ex‡K kvm‡bi
j¶¨ mdj Ki‡Z `v¾v‡ji me‡P‡q gvivZ¥K A¯¿wU n‡e gvby‡li AšÍwb©wnZ
Ava¨vwZ¥K kw³‡K AÜ K‡i †djv †hb Zviv Zvi a‚Z© †KŠkj‡K ai‡Z bv cv‡i,
Ges Zvi cÖZviYvi Là‡i c‡o|17 gnvbex (mvt) Rvwb‡q‡Qb, mgMÖ gvbeRvwZi
Dci Zvi ˆm¡ivPvix kvmb cÖwZôv Kivi Rb¨ `v¾vj †h weivU †KŠkj Aej¤^b
Ki‡e Zvi A¯¿ n‡e ÔwievÕ| hviv Zv‡K cÖwZnZ Kivi †Póv Ki‡e Zv‡`i‡K †m
wievi gva¨‡g `vwi‡`ªi dvu‡` ew›` K‡i †dj‡e, Avi hviv Zv‡K MÖnY I mg_©b
Ki‡e Zv‡`i‡K †m m¤ú` Øviv kw³kvjx Ki‡e| m¤ú`kvjx GB abx †Mvwô ZLb
`v¾v‡ji †`vmi I AbyPi wn‡m‡e H wekvj Mwie Rb‡Mvôx‡K `v‡m cwiYZ Ki‡e
Avi fÛ gmxn-Gi c‡¶ Zv‡`i‡K kvmb I †kvlY Ki‡e|

15
fÛ-gmxn ev Aviwe‡Z Avj-gmxn Av`&-`v¾vj| gymjgvbiv mvaviYZ Zv‡K `v¾vj bv‡gB
Rv‡b|
16
†`Lyb Avgv‡`i eB ‘Surah al-Kahf and the Modern Age’-Gi wØZxq Aa¨vq: ÔKyiAvb I
mgqÕ|
17
†`Lyb Avgv‡`i eB ‘Surah al-Kahf and the Modern Age’-Gi Aa¨vq: ‘Moses and
Khidr’

18
4\ Bûw`-wLÖ÷vb wgÎkw³i gnv-
cwiKíbv
KziAvb cwi®‹vifv‡e gymjgvb‡`i‡K †mB mKj Bûw` I wLÖ÷vb‡`i
mv‡_ wgÎZv I eÜyZ¡ ¯’vcb Ki‡Z wb‡la K‡i‡Q, hviv wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ (A_©vr Bûw`
I wLÖ÷vb m¤cÖ`v‡qi g‡a¨ cvi¯úwiK) eÜyZ¡ I wgÎkw³ M‡o †Zv‡j| wb‡gœ myiv
gvwq`vn&i AwZ ¸iæZ¡c‚Y© Avqv‡Z ZvB ejv n‡q‡Q:
Ò†Zvgiv hviv wek¡vm G‡bQ (Avjøvni Dci) Zviv Bûw` I wLÖ÷vb‡`i‡K
eÜy wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡iv bv, Zviv wb‡Riv G‡K Ac‡ii eÜy| Avi †Zvgv‡`i g‡a¨ †h
Zv‡`i mv‡_ eÜyZ¡ Ki‡e, †m Zv‡`iB AšÍfy©³| wbðqB Avjøvn Ggb †jvK‡K c_
cÖ`k©b K‡ib bv †h GiKg Ryjyg (a„óZv, kqZvwb) K‡i|Ó
Ñ KziAvb, gvwq`vn, 5:51

Avgiv wVK GgbB GK c„w_ex‡Z evm KiwQ †hLv‡b BwZnv‡m cÖ_gev‡ii

g‡Zv Bûw`-wLÖ÷vb wgÎkw³i Avwefv©e N‡U‡Q| GB wgÎc¶B AvaywbK cwðgv
mf¨Zv m„wó K‡i‡Q Ges b¨v‡Uv, B-BD I RvwZms‡Ni gZ AvšÍR©vwZK cÖwZôv‡bi
gva¨‡g c„w_ex‡K kvmb Ki‡Q| GB wgÎc¶B GK bZyb gy`ªv I A_©e¨e¯’v ˆZwi
K‡i‡Q hvi gva¨‡g wb‡Riv A‰eafv‡e ab-m¤ú‡`i gvwjK n‡q‡Q, Avi c„w_exi
evwK Ask‡K `vwi`ªmxgvi wb‡P P‡j wM‡q Gi †LmviZ w`‡Z n‡”Q| GUv †mB Bûw`-
wLÖ÷vb wgÎkw³ hviv AvšÍR©vwZK gy`ªv Znwej (International Monetary Fund,
I.M.F) MVb K‡i‡Q| cvVK Gevi wb‡R‡K cÖkœ Kiæb, Dc‡i KziAv‡bi AvqvZwU wK
gymjgvb‡`i Ggb †Kv‡bv AvšÍR©vwZK cÖwZôv‡bi m`m¨ n‡Z ˆeaZv †`q, hv Bûw`-
wLÖ÷vb wgÎkw³ Øviv m„ó I cwiPvwjZ| DËiwU cwi®‹vi - ÔbvÕ|
GK AwfRvZ abx m¤úÖ`vq AvR c„w_exi `wi`ª Rb‡Mvwô‡K kvmb K‡i,
Ges abx †`k¸wj c„w_exi evwK Ask‡K kvmb Ki‡Q| Gimv‡_, c„w_exRy‡o
AwfRvZ abx kvm‡Kiv GK RvgvZ (`j) MVb K‡i‡Q, Ges Zv‡`i GKRb †bZv ev
Avwg‡ii Avwefv©‡ei c_ myMg n‡q‡Q| GB AvwgiB n‡e †mB e¨w³ †h †RiæRv‡jg
n‡Z c„w_ex‡K kvmb Ki‡e Ges †m-B n‡e fÛ gmxn A_©vr `v¾vj|
AvaywbK †h wek¡-e¨e¯’v cÖvq cy‡iv gymwjg wek¡‡K kvmb Ki‡Q, Zvi
wcQ‡bi g‚j †nvZv n‡”Q `v¾vj, fÛ gmxn| hviv GUv kbv³ Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv Zviv
KziAv‡bi H AvqvZwUi we‡ivwaZv K‡i, †hLv‡b Bûw`-wLÖ÷vb wgÎc‡¶i mv‡_ †Kvb

19
 m¡Y© I †iŠc¨ gy`vª - Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z A‡_©i fwel¨r

eÜyZ¡c‚Y© m¤úK© ¯’vcb Ki‡Z ev eRvq ivL‡Z wb‡la Kiv n‡q‡Q| GiKg gvby‡liv
hZw`b gymwjg‡`i‡K kvmb Ki‡e, ZZw`b gnvbex (mvt)-Gi D¤§Z mxgvnxb
`vwi‡`ªi gv‡S ew›` _vK‡e Ges Zviv H †jvK‡`i cÖwZnZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv hviv
Bmiv‡q‡ji c¶ wb‡q Bmjv‡gi weiæ‡× hy× cwiPvjbv K‡i Avm‡Q|
Avgiv GLb wievi GKwU cÖwµqvi e¨vL¨v †`e, hv‡Z †`Lv hv‡e wKfv‡e
`v¾vj Zvi mg_©K‡`i‡K A_©m¤ú` Øviv kw³kvjx Ki‡e Avi hviv Zv‡K evav
†`‡e Zv‡`i‡K `vwi‡`ªi dvu‡` †dj‡e| G D‡Ïk¨ c‚i‡Yi Rb¨ `v¾vj GKwU
AvšÍRv©wZK gy`ªve¨e¯’v cÖwZôv K‡i‡Q hvi Øviv gy`ªv‡K Ggbfv‡e `‚wlZ Kiv n‡q‡Q
†hb GUv‡K GLb B”Qvg‡Zv cwiPvjbv Kiv hvq Ges G‡K ˆea Pywi, cÖZviYv I
A_©‰bwZK †kvl‡Yi nvwZqvi wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv hvq| Gi GKwU mvaviY iƒc n‡jv
`vmmyjf gRywii gva¨‡g kÖ‡gi Aeg‚j¨vqY NUv‡bv| AvR c„w_exRy‡o Z_vKw_Z
gy³-evRvi A_©bxwZ Pvjy Av‡Q, Zv‡Z miKvi¸wj kÖ‡gi GKwU me©wbgœ gRywi wbav©iY
K‡i w`‡q‡Q| Zviv GUv K‡i‡Q GRb¨B †hb Zv `vmmyjf gRywii dvu‡` AvU‡K
_vKv kÖwgK‡`i‡K we‡`ªvn Kiv †_‡K `wg‡q ivL‡Z cv‡i|
Bûw`-wLÖ÷vb wgÎkw³ AvšÍR©vwZK gy`ªv e¨e¯’vi gva¨‡g †h ˆeaPywii
Dcvq †ei K‡i‡Q, cvVK Zv GKwU NUbvi w`‡K `„wó w`‡jB eyS‡Z cvi‡eb| Zv
N‡UwQj 1933 mv‡ji GwcÖj gv‡m| ZLb gvwK©b miKvi GKwU AvBb cvm K‡i hvi
g‚j K_v¸wj wQ‡jv GiKg:
1. RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q Avi m¡Y©gy`ªv I †mvbvi evi Rgv ivLv hv‡e bv|
2. m¡Y©gy`ªv‡K Avi †ePv-†Kbvi gva¨g wn‡m‡e A_©vr gy`ªv wn‡m‡e e¨envi
Kiv hv‡e bv|
3. hw` Kv‡iv Kv‡Q GKwU wbw`©ó Zvwi‡Li ci †mvbv cvIqv hvq, Zvn‡j
Zv‡K 10,000 Wjvi Rwigvbv Kiv n‡e, Abv`v‡q Qq gv‡mi †Rj
†`qv n‡e|
4. hv‡`i Kv‡Q m¡Y©gy`ªv I †mvbvi evi Av‡Q Zviv Zv miKvi‡K Rgv
w`‡e Ges Gi e`‡j (g‚j¨ wn‡m‡e) †dWv‡ij wiRvf© e¨vsK (hv †m
mgq GKwU †emiKvwi e¨vsK wQj) Zv‡`i‡K AvDÝ cÖwZ 20 Wjvi
KvM‡R Qvcvb gy`ªv w`‡e|
djkÖæwZ‡Z †ewkifvM Av‡gwiKvb Zv‡`i †mvbvi e`‡j KvMwR gy`ªv
†bevi Rb¨ Qy‡U hvq| wKšÍy hviv ai‡Z †c‡iwQj †h GB AvBb Øviv Lye kxNÖB Zv‡`i
m¤ú` (A_©vr †mvbv) jy‡U †bqv n‡e, Zviv Rgv †`q wb| eis Zviv Zv‡`i KvMwR

20
 Bûw`-wLÖ÷vb wgÎkw³i gnv-cwiKíbv

gy`ªv w`‡q wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨B †mvbv wK‡b iv‡L Ges Zv myBm e¨vs‡K18 Rgv ivLvi
Rb¨ cvwV‡q †`q|
AviI j¶¨Yxq †h, weªwUk miKviI GKB eQ‡i GKB iKg AvBb K‡i,
hvi Øviv m¡Y©gy`ªv‡K gy`ªv wn‡m‡e e¨env‡ii A‡hvM¨ †NvlYv Kiv nq| Zviv GKwU
mvaviY †KŠkj Aej¤^b K‡iwQj Avi Zv n‡jv mvgwqKfv‡e KvMwR gy`ªv gv‡b cvDÛ
÷vwj©‡Oi wewbg‡q †mvbv †Kbvi my‡hvM wbwl× Kiv|
hvB †nvK hLb gvwK©b hy³iv‡óÖi RbMY Wjv‡ii wewbg‡q †mvbv Rgv
w`‡q †`q, ZviciB 1934 mv‡j †m‡`‡ki miKvi Aev‡a 41% nv‡i Wjv‡ii
g‚j¨cZb NUvq Ges c‚‡e© (1933 mv‡j) †mvbvi e¨envi wbwl× KÕ‡i †h AvBb
K‡iwQj †mB AvBb‡K evwZj K‡i| GUv ï‡b Av‡gwiKvi RbMY KvM‡Ri Wjv‡ii
wewbg‡q †mvbv wKb‡Z wfo Rgvq| wKšÍy Gevi cÖwZ AvDÝ †mvbvi wewbgq g‚j¨
wbav©iY Kiv nq 35 Wjvi K‡i| A_P GK eQi Av‡MB Zviv GB †mvbv Rgv
w`‡qwQj cÖwZ AvDÝ 20 Wjv‡ii wewbg‡q| GB cÖwµqvq Zv‡`i m¤ú‡`i cÖvq 41%
Pywi K‡i †bqv nq| cvVK, GLb wbðqB eyS‡Z cvi‡Qb, hLb KvM‡Ri gy`ªvi
g‚j¨cZb nq ZLb wKfv‡e mvaviY RbM‡Yi m¤ú` ˆeafv‡e Pywi Kiv m¤¢e nq|
RbM‡Yi m¤ú` Gfv‡e jy‡U †bqv‡K KziAv‡b nvivg †NvlYv Kiv
n‡q‡Q| D`vniYm¡iƒc m‚iv wbmv I m‚iv ny‡`i wKQy Avqv‡Zi K_v ejv †h‡Z cv‡i:
Ò†n Cgvb`viMY, †Zvgiv G‡K Ac‡ii m¤ú` Ab¨vqfv‡e MÖvm K‡iv bv|
†KejgvÎ †Zvgv‡`i ci¯ú‡ii m¤§wZµ‡g †h e¨emv Kiv nq Zv ˆea...Ó
Ñ KziAvb, wbmv, 4:29

ÒAvi †n Avgvi RvwZ, b¨vqwbôvi mv‡_ wVKfv‡e cwigvc Ki I IRb

`vI Ges b¨vh¨ cvIbvi Zzjbvq Kg w`‡q (†hgb kÖg, wRwbm, m¤ú` BZ¨vw`i g‚j¨)
†jv‡K‡`i‡K ewÂZ K‡iv bv| Avi `ybx©wZ I aŸs‡mi D‡Ï‡k¨ †Kvb Lvivc KvR
K‡iv bv|Ó
Ñ KziAvb, ny`, 11:45

cÖZviYvi Dci wfwË K‡i mKj †jb-‡`b, †hgb Kv‡iv jy‡U †bqv m¤ú`
A_ev Ab¨vh¨ gybvdv AR©b Kiv, BZ¨vw`‡K gnvbex (mvt) wiev19 e‡j AvL¨vZ
K‡i‡Qb|

18
myBRvij¨v‡Ûi GKwU AvšÍRv© wZK e¨vsK|
19
†`Lyb UxKv 2|

21
 m¡Y© I †iŠc¨ gy`vª - Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z A‡_©i fwel¨r

1933-34 mv‡j hy³iv‡óÖi NUbv †_‡K GUvB cÖZxqgvb nq †h IUv

†dWv‡ij wiRvf© e¨vs‡Ki GKwU ÔgnovÕ wQj gvÎ Ñ GUv †`Lvi Rb¨ †h wKfv‡e
GKwU bZyb gy`ªve¨e¯’vi gva¨‡g AcÖ¯ÍyZ c„w_ex n‡Z wecyj m¤ú` wb‡R‡`i Kv‡Q
mwi‡q Avbv hvq| m¤ú` miv‡bvi GB KvRwU Kiv nq g‚j¨nxb KvMR‡K gy`ªv (UvKv,
Wjvi, cvDÛ BZ¨vw`) evwb‡q, Avi Zvici mg¯Í gvbeRvwZ‡K GUv e¨envi Ki‡Z
eva¨ Kiv‡bvi gva¨‡g| gy`ªve¨e¯’v hviv wbqš¿Y K‡i Zviv Gici wbw`©ó wKQy †`‡ki
gy`ªv‡K j¶¨ evbv‡jv Ges H gy`ªv¸wji Aeg‚j¨vqb NUv‡Z eva¨ Ki‡jv| hLbB H
gy`ªvi g‚j¨ Kg‡Z _vK‡jv ZLbB H †`‡ki (wec` m¤^‡Ü AÁ) RbMY wecyj m¤ú`
nviv‡Z _vKj, Avi Zv‡`i GB m¤ú`nvwb Acic¶‡K `ªæZ wecyj m¤ú‡`i gvwjK
evwb‡q †dj‡jv|
gvwK©b hy³iv‡óÖi H NUbvwUi `yeQi Av‡M, 1931 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤^i gv‡m,
weªwUk cvD‡Ûi cÖvq 30% Aeg‚j¨vqb N‡U Ges 1934 mv‡ji g‡a¨ Zv †e‡o 40%
nq| d«v‡ÝiI GKB Ae¯’v nq, †m‡`‡ki gy`ªv dª¨v¼-Gi cÖvq 30% Aeg‚j¨vqb
N‡U, BUvwji wjiv-Gi Aeg‚j¨vqb nq 41% Ges myBRvij¨v‡Ûi dª¨v¼-Gi 30%
Aeg‚j¨vqb N‡U| BD‡iv‡ci †ewkifvM †`‡ki GKB Ae¯’v nq| MÖxm evwK
BD‡ivc‡K Qvwo‡q hvq, Zv‡`i gy`ªvi Aeg‚j¨vqb N‡U 59%|
1930 mv‡ji H cwjwm hv‡Z gy`ªvi Aeg‚j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g ißvwb mvgwMÖi
g‡a¨ cÖwZ‡hvwMZv evov‡bvi wPšÍv Kiv n‡qwQj Zv GK wfbœ djvdj e‡q Av‡b| GB
cwjwmi Kvi‡Y RvZxq Avq `ªæZ K‡g hvq, Pvwn`v K‡g hvq, †eKvi mgm¨v cÖKU
AvKvi aviY K‡i Ges wek¡-evwY‡R¨ Pig g›`v †`Lv †`q Ñ GB cwiw¯’wZ‡K ZLb
bvg †`qv nq Ô†MÖU wW‡cÖkbÕ (Great Depression)| Avm‡j GwU GKwU AvšÍR©vwZK
gy`ªv e¨e¯’v MV‡bi c_ myMg K‡i| Z‡e D‡Ïk¨ wQj gy`ªve¨e¯’v I A_©bxwZ‡Z
Pjgvb g›`vfve cÖkgb K‡i †jvK-‡`Lv‡bv k„•Ljv wdwi‡q Avbv| Ab¨fv‡e ejv
hvq, Ô†MÖU wW‡cÖkbÕ B”QvK„Zfv‡e ˆZwi Kiv n‡qwQj, hvi g‚j dw›` wQj Gi gva¨‡g
gy`ªv RM‡Z w¯’wZkxjZv wdwi‡q Avbvi Rb¨ GKwU AvšÍR©vwZK gy`ªv e¨e¯’v MV‡b
mevi mg_©b Av`vq K‡i †bIqv|
BD‡ivwcqvb †`k¸wji g‡a¨I cÖvq GKB mg‡q (cÖZviYvi D‡Ï‡k¨)
Zv‡`i wbR wbR gy`ªvi Aeg‚j¨vqb N‡U| Gme †`‡ki g‡a¨ G e¨vcv‡i †h
m‡›`nRbK I Am¡vfvweK mn‡hvwMZv wQj Zv †`‡L gymwjg‡`i mZK© nIqv DwPZ
wQj †h, BD‡ivcxq Bûw`-wLÖ÷vb †Rv‡Ui KvMwR gy`ªvwfwËK A_©e¨e¯’v Zv‡`i Rb¨
fqven wec` e‡q Avb‡e|
Bûw`-wLÖ÷vb †RvU †eªUb DW&‡m ÔKvMwR gy`ªvÕ-wfwËK AvšÍR©vwZK
A_©e¨e¯’v cÖwZôv K‡i| G Pyw³‡Z Zviv Av‡gwiKvb Wjvi I †mvbvi g‡a¨Kvi

22
 Bûw`-wLÖ÷vb wgÎkw³i gnv-cwiKíbv

m¤úK© e¨envi K‡i A‡bKUv kvK w`‡q gvQ XvKvi gZB GKwU mZ¨‡K Avovj K‡i,
Avi Zv n‡jv - GLb †_‡K KvMR Qvwc‡q gy`ªv wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv hv‡e Ges
GiKg KvMwR gy`ªv Rgv w`‡q cybivq Avmj gy`ªv (A_©vr AšÍwb©wnZ g~j¨-m¤úbœ gy`ªv)
†Kbv hv‡e bv| GB †eªUb DW&m Pyw³B cieZx©‡Z 1944 mv‡j AvšÍR©vwZK gy`ªv
Znwej (AvB-Gg-Gd) MV‡bi c_ myMg K‡i †`q, hvi evwn¨K D‡Ïk¨ wQj
AvšÍRv©wZK gy`ªv e¨e¯’v Z_v Acwi‡kva¨ KvMwR gy`ªvi cwiPvjbv Kiv| AvšÍR©vwZK
AvBb Abyhvqx †mvbvi cwie‡Z© gvwK©b Wjvi †diZ †`qvi †h Pyw³MZ eva¨evaKZv
wQj, 1971 mv‡j gvwK©b hy³ivóÖ †mwUI cwiZ¨vM K‡i| Avi Gi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i
cwiKíbvi †kl QÙ‡ekwUI m‡i hvq|
GUv LyeB Avðh©RbK †h bZyb cÖZviYvg‚jK gy`ªve¨e¯’vi weiæ‡×
gymwjg‡`i mZK© Kivi Rb¨ Bmjvwg cwÛZiv †Zgb †Kvb ¸iæZ¡c‚Y© f‚wgKv cvjb
K‡ib wb| gvwK©b Wjv‡ii gva¨‡g GB cÖZviYv‡K †X‡K ivL‡jI 1971 mv‡j ZvI
mwi‡q †djv nq| fve‡Z AevK jv‡M, ZviciI wKfv‡e Zviv ˆea Pywii e¨vcv‡i
AÜ _v‡Kb? AvRI Bmjv‡gi eyw×Rxweiv AvaywbK gy`ªv‡K ÔnvivgÕ AvL¨v w`‡Z e¨_©
n‡”Qb| djkÖæwZ‡Z cy‡iv gymwjg wek¡ Bûw`-wLÖ÷vb †Mvwôi AÜ AbyKiY K‡i
P‡j‡Q Ges Zv‡`i ˆZwi Kiv gy`ªve¨e¯’vi †PvivM‡Z©20 Xy‡K hv‡”Q|
BD‡ivwcqvb Bûw`-wLÖ÷vb †Mvwô hLb c„w_exi evwK Dcwb‡ek¸wj‡K
†f‡½ m¡vaxb K‡i †dj‡jv ZLb Zviv G e¨vcviwU wbwðZ Ki‡jv †hb GB
Jcwb‡ewkKZv n‡Z gy³ A-BD‡ivwcq c„w_ex AvšÍR©vwZK gy`ªv Znwe‡ji m`m¨ n‡Z
eva¨ nq, †hb Zv‡`i‡K GB bZyb gy`ªve¨e¯’vi g‡a¨ XywK‡q †djv hvq|
AvB-Gg-G‡di wjwLZ AvB‡b †mvbvi gy`ªv wn‡m‡e e¨envi‡K wbwl×
21
Kiv nq| gvwK©b Wjvi ev‡` Ab¨ †h †Kvb KvMwR gy`ªvi mv‡_ †mvbvi wewbgq
wbwl× Kivi gva¨‡g GwU Kiv nq| Pyw³i 4 bs Aby‡”Q‡`i 2(L) avivq ejv nq:22
20
gnvbex (mvt) fwel¨Z-evYx K‡iwQ‡jb †h Zvi D¤§Z (†kl hy‡M) Bûw` I wLÖ÷vb‡`i Ggbfv‡e
AbyKiY Ki‡e †h Bûw` I wLÖ÷vbiv †Kvb mixm„‡ci M‡Z© cÖ‡ek Ki‡j ZvivI (gymwjgiv) †mB
KvR Ki‡e|
21
†jL‡Ki I‡qemvB‡Ui wbqš¿ÖK †jLK‡K Rvwb‡q‡Qb †h AvB-Gg-Gd †_‡K †KD GKRb
wbqwgZ Zvi I‡qemvB‡U c&ª‡ek K‡ib| †jLK H e¨w³‡K Avnevb Rvbvb hw` wZwb †jL‡Ki
†Kvb wel‡q fyj ai‡Z cv‡ib Zvn‡j †hb Zv wVK K‡i †`b|
22
“exchange arrangements may include (i) the maintenance by a member of a value
for its currency in terms of the special drawing right or another denominator,
other than gold, selected by the member, or (ii) cooperative arrangements by
which members maintain the value of their currencies in relation to the value of
the currency or currencies of other members, or (iii) other exchange arrangements
of a member's choice.”

23
 m¡Y© I †iŠc¨ gy`vª - Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z A‡_©i fwel¨r

Òwewbgq e¨e¯’vi g‡a¨ AšÍfy©³ n‡Z cv‡i Ñ (1) m`m¨‡`k Zv‡`i gy`ªvi gvb
wbqš¿Y Ki‡e †mvbv e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kvb wKQy Øviv, A_ev m`m¨ KZ„©K wba©vwiZ A_©
Zz‡j †bqvi gvÎvi wfwˇZ, A_ev (2) GK †`k Av‡iK †`‡ki mv‡_ cvi¯úwiK
Pzw³i gva¨‡g Zv‡`i gy`ªvi gvb wbqš¿Y Ki‡e, A_ev (3) m`‡m¨i B”Qv Abyhvqx
Ab¨ †Kvb wewbgq e¨e¯’vi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i gy`ªvi gvb wbqš¿Y Ki‡e|Ó
2002 mv‡ji GwcÖj gv‡m, gvwK©b Ks‡MÖ‡mi cÖwZwbwa ib cj BD-Gm
†UÖRvwi wWcvU©‡g›U I †dWv‡ij wiRvf© e¨vs‡K (†hUv NUbvµ‡g GKwU e¨w³
gvwjKvbvaxb e¨vsK wQj) wb‡Pi wPwVwU cvVvb, hv‡Z wZwb cÖkœ K‡ib †Kb AvB-Gg-
Gd Zvi m`m¨ †`k¸wj‡Z m¡Y©-wfwËK gy`ªv‡K wbwl× K‡i‡Q?

Rbve,
Avwg AvšÍR©vwZK gy`ªv Znwej (AvB-Gg-Gd)-Gi Pyw³c‡Îi 4_©
Aby‡”Q‡`i 2-Gi L aviv m¤ú‡K© wjLwQ| Avcwb AewnZ Av‡Qb †h, GB Aby‡”Q`
gy`ªv‡K †mvbvi mv‡_ m¤úK© ¯’vc‡b AvB-Gg-G‡di m`m¨ †`k¸wj‡K wb‡la K‡i|
Gfv‡e AvB-Gg-Gd ÎæwUhy³ A_©e¨e¯’vi †`k¸wj‡Z Zv‡`i gy`ªv‡K w¯’wZkxj Ki‡Z
me‡P‡q Kvh©Kix c`‡¶cwU wb‡Z evav w`‡”Q| G bxwZ A_©bxwZi cÖe„wׇK evavMÖ¯’
Ki‡e, A_©‰bwZK g›`v cÖkgb‡K MwZnxb Ki‡e, Avi Gfv‡e A_©‰bwZK I
ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’wZkxjZvB e„w× cv‡e| Avwg LyeB cÖksmv Ki‡ev hw` †UÖRvwi I
†dWv‡ij wiRvf© GB KviYwUi e¨L¨v †`q †h †Kb gvwK©b hy³ivóÖ GB ÎæwUhy³
bxwZwU †g‡b P‡j‡Q I envj †i‡L‡Q| GB Aby‡iva m¤ú‡K© AviI Z_¨ Rvb‡Z
PvB‡j AbyMÖn K‡i Avgvi AvBbwelqK cwiPvjK big¨vb wmsMjUb-Gi mv‡_
†hvMv‡hvM Kiæb|
Avcbvi mn‡hvwMZvi Rb¨ ab¨ev`,
ib cj
BD-Gm nvDR Ae wi‡cÖ‡Rb‡UwUf

cvVK, GUv Rvbv Riæwi †h, †dWv‡ij wiRvf© e¨vsK wKsev gvwK©b †UÖRvwi
wWcvU©‡g›U †KDB AvR ch©šÍ GB e¨L¨v †`evi Aby‡iv‡a †Kvb mvov †`q wb| Zv‡`i
mvov bv †`qvi GKwU e¨vL¨vB _vK‡Z cv‡i, Zvn‡jv AvB-Gg-G‡di gva¨‡g †h
gy`ªve¨e¯’v M‡o D‡VwQj Zvi Avmj cwiKíbv wQj gvbeRvwZi m¤ú` jy‡U †bqv
Ges Kvjµ‡g H me Rbc‡`i Dci A_©‰bwZK `vmZ¡ Pvwc‡q †`qv, hv‡`i‡K

24
 Bûw`-wLÖ÷vb wgÎkw³i gnv-cwiKíbv

Bûw`-wLÖ÷vb wgÎ Uv‡M©U K‡i‡Q (KviY Zviv Zv‡`i Afxó j¶¨ AR©‡b evav n‡q
`vuwo‡q‡Q)|
AvB-Gg-G‡di gva¨‡g we‡k¡ Ggb GKwU bZyb gy`ªve¨e¯’v M‡o I‡V hvi
gva¨‡g GK bZyb I A™¢yZ A_©‰bwZK msÁvi cÖPjb N‡U| gymwjgiv G¸wji A‡bK
wbqg‡KB wb‡R‡`i mv‡_ msNvZg‚jK e‡j Avwe®‹vi K‡i‡Q hvi mv‡_ c‚‡e© Zv‡`i
†Kv‡bv cwiPq wQj bv| AvÂwjK (KvMwR) gy`ªv †hUv †Kvb †`‡ki Af¨šÍwib †jb-
‡`‡bi Rb¨ Qvcv‡bv nq, Zvi mv‡_ AvKvk-cvZvj ZdvZ i‡q‡Q †mB KvMwR gy`ªvi
hv †`‡ki evB‡ii †jb-‡`‡bi †¶‡Î ˆe‡`wkK wewbg‡q e¨envi Kiv nq| †mKvi‡Y,
hw` gvj‡qwkqvi gymwjgiv Zv‡`i cÖwZ‡ewk †`k B‡›`v‡bwkqvi gymwjg‡`i Kv‡Q
Zv‡`i cY¨ wewµ Ki‡Z Pvq, Zvn‡j B‡›`v‡bwkqvb‡`i‡K †mB wewbg‡qi Rb¨ Ab¨
†Kvb ˆe‡`wkK g~`ªvi Dcvq LyuR‡Z n‡e| wKšÍy GiKg ˆe‡`wkK wewbgq, ev¯Íe
†¶‡ÎB BD‡ivcxq KvMwR gy`ªv bZyev gvwK©b Wjv‡ii g‡a¨B mxgve×| Gfv‡eB dvu`
cvZv nq †hb BD‡ivcxq gy`ªv I gvwK©b Wjv‡ii Pvwn`v eRvq _v‡K I Zv ÔD”Pgv‡bi
gy`ªvÕq (I Pvwn`vi) iƒc †bq| GB Pvwn`v eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ Bûw`-wLÖ÷vb †Mvwô‡K
ïay Zv‡`i H gy`ªv¸wj‡K Qvwc‡q e¨env‡ivc‡hvMx K‡i Zzj‡Z nq| Avi GB
cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g Zviv k‚b¨ n‡Z webvkÖ‡g hZ Lywk m¤ú` ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡i|
cy‡iv e¨e¯’vwUi wcQ‡b AviI GKwU `yó PµvšÍ wQj Avi Zv n‡jv
Ab¨‡`i Zyjbvq cwðgv I Zvi mg‡MvwÎq gy`ªvi gvb evwoqv †Zvjv| Uv‡M©UK„Z
†`‡ki gy`ªv‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i, wKsev eva¨Zvg‚jKfv‡e Zvi Aeg‚j¨vqb NwU‡q †mUv
Kiv nq| hLb H †`k¸wji gy`ªvi gvb c‡o hvq, ZLb †`k¸wji mvaviY RbM‡Yi
wecyj m¤ú` H we‡kl weËevb †Mvwôi Kv‡Q P‡j hvq| wkKv‡i cwiYZ nIqv
†`k¸wji kÖwg‡Kiv µxZ`vmmyjf gRywi‡Z KvR Ki‡Z eva¨ nq| Gme †`k ZLb
AvB-Gg-Gd I Zvi mg‡MvwÎq Avw_©K cÖwZôvb (hviv me©`v Mixe †`‡ki A_©bxwZi
Dbœq‡b hveZxq FY mnvqZv w`‡Z cÖ¯ÍyZ _v‡K!!) †_‡K H D”Pgv‡bi gy`ªvi (Z_v
Wjv‡ii) gva¨‡g FY wb‡Z eva¨ nq| hZB Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i gy`ªvi gvb Kg‡Z _v‡K,
ZZB H FY, my`mn cwi‡kva Kiv Zv‡`i Rb¨ KwVb †_‡K KwVbZi n‡Z _v‡K|
Avm‡j AvB-Gg-Gd-‡Kw›`ªK GB cy‡iv gy`ªve¨e¯’v M‡o †Zvjv n‡qwQj GiKg
djvdj AR©‡bi Rb¨B| µgkt wPwýZ †`k¸wj wekvj F‡Yi dvu‡` AvUKv c‡o,
Zv‡`i m¤ú` ïu‡l †bqv n‡Z _v‡K, Zviv Zv‡`i wbqZ g‚j¨ nviv‡Z _vKv gy`ªvi
gva¨‡g FY †kva Kivi msMÖvg K‡i, Ges Kvjµ‡g `wi`ª n‡Z `wi`ªZi n‡Z _v‡K|
m¤§vwbZ cvVK Zv‡`i GB cwiYwZ †Kvb `yN©Ubvi Kvi‡Y nq wb, wKsev †Kvb
cÖvK„wZK `y‡hv©‡Mi Kvi‡Y nq wb| GUv wQj GK cwiKíbviB Ask!

25
 m¡Y© I †iŠc¨ gy`vª - Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z A‡_©i fwel¨r

me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c‚Y© welq n‡jv, KvMwR gy`ªvi bZyb AvšÍR©vwZK gy`ªve¨e¯’v,

ÔAvswkK gRy`-wfwËK e¨vswKs-‡KÕ23 RbwcÖq K‡i †Zv‡j| G ai‡bi e¨vswKs-Gi
gva¨‡g Zviv my‡`i wewbg‡q Ggb cwigvY A_© FY w`‡Z cv‡i †h A_© Zv‡`i
wb‡R‡`i Kv‡QB †bB| GUvB n‡jv ˆeafv‡e cÖZviYvi GKUv wekvj Dcvq|
Avgv‡`i m‡›`n nq †h, Bmjv‡gi gydwZiv ÔAvswkK gRy`-wfwËK e¨vswKsÕ Kx Zv-B
Rv‡bb bv, A_ev GB eBwU‡Z AvšÍR©vwZK gy`ªv A_©bxwZi †h BwZnvm ms‡¶‡c ejv
n‡q‡Q Zv m¤^‡Ü chv©ß Ávb iv‡Lb bv| A`~i fwel¨‡Z hLb ÔB‡j±ÖwbK gy`ªvÕ
m¤ú‚Y©iƒ‡c KvMwR gy`ªvi ¯’vb wb‡q †b‡e I cÖZviYvg‚jK gy`ªve¨e¯’v cy‡ivcywifv‡e
mg„w× jvf Ki‡e, Avgiv fq Kwi †h ZLbI H gydwZiv GKBfv‡e ÔB‡j±ÖwbK
gy`ªvÕ-‡K nvjvj e‡j †NvlYv †`‡eb|
AvB-Gg-Gd m„wói GKwU we‡kl D‡Ïk¨ wQj gy`ªv wewbg‡qi Dci me
iKg wewa-wb‡la‡K cÖwZ‡iva Kiv, KviY GB wb‡lavÁv Uv‡M©UK„Z †`‡ki gy`ªvi
(memgq) Aeg‚j¨vqb NUv‡Z evav †`q| ZvB AvB-Gg-G‡di Pyw³c‡Î ejv nq
Ò(GwUi j¶¨ n‡jv) ˆe‡`wkK wewbg‡qi cÖwZeÜKZv `‚i Kiv hv wek¡ evwY‡R¨i
cÖmvi‡K evavMÖ¯’ K‡i|Ó24 Avi hLb ˆe‡`wkK wewbg‡qi evav¸wj `‚i n‡e ZLbB
Zv wPwýZ †`k¸wj‡Z A_©‰bwZK AvNvZ nvbvi c_ cwi®‹vi K‡i †`‡e| Hme
†`‡ki gy`ªvi gvb †b‡g hvevi mv‡_ mv‡_ abx †`k¸wji wecyj jv‡fi my‡hvM ˆZwi
n‡e|
†eªUb DW&m Kbdv‡i‡Ýi gva¨‡g †h AvšÍR©vwZK gy`ªve¨e¯’vi m‚Pbv nq Zv
B‡Zvg‡a¨ cÖvq cy‡iv gymwjg wek¡mn gvbeRvwZi wekvj Ask‡K k„•Lje× K‡i
†d‡j‡Q| GUv Zv‡`i‡K wPi¯’vqxfv‡e Mwi‡e cwiYZ K‡i‡Q Avi A‡bK‡K wbtm¡
K‡i †d‡j‡Q| Aek¨ hLb B‡j±ÖwbK gy`ªv KvMwR gy`ªvi ¯’vb wb‡q‡b‡e ZLb †mUvB
n‡e A_©‰bwZK `vm‡Z¡i P‚ovšÍ cwiYwZ| hw` gymwjgiv Ggb †Kvb Hk¡wiK
mvnv‡h¨i cÖZ¨vkv K‡i hv Zv‡`i‡K GB A_©‰bwZK `vmZ¡ n‡Z gy³ Ki‡e Zvn‡j
Zv‡`i‡K Aek¨B mwVKfv‡e GB mgm¨vi †gvKvwejv Ki‡Z n‡e? †mB †gvKvwejvi
¯^iƒc wK n‡e? Zviv †Kvb&Lvb n‡Z ïiæ Ki‡e?

23
AvswkK gRy`-wfwËK e¨vswKs (Fractional Reserve Banking): †h e¨vswKs e¨e¯’vq e¨vsK †h
cwigvY FY †`q, Zvi GKUv ¶z`ª Ask †Kw›`ªq e¨vs‡Ki Kv‡Q gRy` iv‡L| mvaviYZ Zviv 1
UvKv gRy` †i‡L 10 UvKv FY w`‡Z cv‡i|
24
“assist in the . . . elimination of foreign exchange restrictions which hamper the
growth of world trade.”

26
5\ Avgv‡`i Reve
hLbB †Kvb gymwjg mgvR Bûw`-wLÖ÷vb wgÎkw³i AÜ AbyKiY Ki‡Z
wM‡q Avwe®‹vi K‡i †h Zviv gnvbex (mvt)-Gi GKwU mybœvZ‡K cwiZ¨vM K‡i‡Q,
ZLb HiKg AbyKiY n‡Z gyL wdwi‡q †bqv Ges H mybœvZ cybivq cvjb Kiv
Zv‡`i Rb¨ Aek¨ KiYxq n‡q c‡o| Avi hw` H mybœv‡Zi wfwË `„pfv‡e KziAv‡bi
Dci cÖwZwôZ n‡q _v‡K Zvn‡j Zv‡`i‡K Aek¨B Avjøvni Kv‡Q GiKg Ab¨v‡qi
Rb¨ ¶gv cÖv_©bv Ki‡Z n‡e Ges cwiZ¨³ H mybœvZ‡K cvjb Kivi Rb¨ msMÖvg
Ki‡Z n‡e| GLb cÖkœ n‡jv Zviv wKfv‡e H msMÖvg Pvjv‡e? Ge¨vcv‡i Zv‡`i wK
Kiv DwPZ?
cÖ_g avct
†mvbv I iƒcvi gy`ªvi gva¨‡g gymwjgiv Zv‡`i agx©q KvR¸wj Ki‡Z
cv‡i, †hgb hvKvZ cÖ`vb, we‡qi †gvnivbv Av`vq, n‡¾i e¨q enb Kiv BZ¨vw`|
Dciš‘ GiKg gy`ªv Zvi wbRm¡ gvb a‡i iv‡L e‡jB abxiv Zv‡`i m¤ú`‡K G¸wj‡Z
iƒcvšÍi K‡i, Ges m¤ú‡`i g‚‡j¨i wbivcËv weavb K‡i| Z‡e †mvbv‡K gy`ªv wnmv‡e
evRv‡i e¨envi Ki‡jI Zv Mwie I wbtm¡ RbM‡Yi DcKv‡i Av‡m bv, KviY gvÎ
GKwU †mvbvi w`bvi †Kbv ev msi¶Y KivB Zv‡`i Rb¨ Kómva¨| ZeyI †mvbvi
w`bvi I iƒcvi w`invg evRv‡i †jb-‡`‡bi Rb¨ hLb Db¥y³ Kiv n‡e ZLb Zv
Aek¨B mvaviY gvbyl‡K m‡PZb K‡i †Zvjvi †¶‡Î eo f‚wgKv ivL‡e|
hLb †mvbv I iƒcvi gy`ªv evRv‡i Ôwewbg‡qi gva¨gÕ I Ôg‚‡j¨i
cwigvcKÕ wn‡m‡e cÖ‡ek Ki‡e, ZLb mybœvn-wfwËK gy`ªv cy‡ivcywifv‡e Pvjy n‡e|
GiKg gy`ªv mv‡_ mv‡_B KvMwR gy`ªvi cÖZviYv‡K D‡b¥vwPZ K‡i †dj‡e| Avgv‡`i
aviYv, hLb †mvbv I iƒcv‡K ˆea †jb-‡`‡bi gva¨g wn‡m‡e m¡xK„wZ †`qvi Rb¨
Avgiv msMÖvg Kie, ZLb c„w_exi kvmbKvix Bûw`-wLÖ÷vb wgÎkw³, Ges gymwjg
†`‡k Zv‡`i †`vmi, Avi m‡ev©cwi e¨vswKs gnj, me©kw³ w`‡q Zv cÖwZnZ Kivi
†Póv Ki‡e|
gy`ªve¨e¯’vi GB wec¾bK cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Bmjv‡gi †gŠwjK cÖwZwµqv
nIqv DwPZ GLbKvi †jb-‡`‡bi ˆea AvB‡bi Dci `„wówbe× Kiv hv †jb-‡`‡bi
gva¨g wnmv‡e †mvbv I iƒcvi gy`ªvi e¨envi‡K wbwl× K‡i‡Q| mvaviY gvbyl‡K `ªæZ
DØy× Kiv DwPZ †hb Zviv GKwU cÖkœB K‡i: Ò†Kb gy`ªv wn‡m‡e m¡Y©gy`ªvi e¨envi
wbwl× Kiv n‡q‡Q?Ó| m¤¢eZ c„w_exi †Kvb miKviB GUvi DËi w`‡Z cvi‡e bv,

27
 m¡Y© I †iŠc¨ gy`vª - Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z A‡_©i fwel¨r

KviY G cÖ‡kœi D™¢e hvi Kvi‡Y n‡q‡Q †mB AvB-Gg-Gd wb‡RB Gi †Kvb DËi
w`‡Z cv‡i wb|
GiKg A‰bwZK I †kvlYg‚jK AvB‡bi weiæ‡× Avgv‡`i †h cÖwZwµqv
ev msMÖvg nIqv DwPZ Zv Aek¨B mybœvn †gvZv‡eK n‡Z n‡e, †hfv‡e gnvbex (mvt)
wb‡R wewfbœ †kvl‡Yi weiæ‡× msMÖvg K‡iwQ‡jb| GiKg mybœvn Avgv‡`i GUvB
†kLvq †h ivR‰bwZK I A_©‰bwZK †kvl‡Yi weiæ‡× msMÖv‡gi cÖ_g avc n‡jv
RbmvaviY‡K G wel‡q wk¶v`vb Kiv I m‡PZb K‡i †Zvjv| Avi G eBwU G
D‡Ï‡k¨B †jLv n‡q‡Q|
ZviciI gy`ªve¨e¯’vq KvMwR gy`ªvi cÖZviYvg‚jK ˆewkó¨ A‡bK
gymjgvbB wek¦vm Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv, hZ¶Y ch©šÍ ¯^qs Djvgviv (Bmjv‡gi
cwÛZiv) GwU eyS‡Z bv †c‡i GiKg gy`ªv‡K ˆea ej‡Z _vK‡eb| GmKj
gymjgv‡bi Rb¨ †mB nvw`mwU mnvqK n‡Z cv‡ib †hLv‡b gnvbex (mvt) Ggb hyM
m¤^‡Ü mZK© K‡i‡Qb hLb Djvgviv Ggb cwigv‡Y Bmjv‡gi mv‡_ wek¦vmNvZKZv
Ki‡e †h ZvivB n‡e ÔAvKv‡ki wb‡P me‡P‡q Lvivc gvbylÕ, Ges bvg e¨ZxZ
Bmjv‡gi Avi wKQyB Aewkó _vK‡e bv|
ÒLye kxNÖB Ggb mgq Avm‡e hLb bvg Qvov Bmjv‡gi wKQyB Aewkó
_vK‡e bv, Ges †jLvi Qvc Qvov KziAv‡bi Avi wKQyB _vK‡e bv| (†m mgq)
Zv‡`i gmwR` n‡e myig¨ BgviZ, wKšÍy Zv c_-cÖ`k©b Ki‡e bv| Ges (†m mgq)
ÔDjvgvÕ-iv n‡e AvKv‡ki wb‡P me‡P‡q wbK…ó e¨w³| Zv‡`i ga¨ n‡Z wdZbvi
D™¢e NU‡e, Avi Zv‡`i g‡a¨B Zv wd‡i hv‡e|Ó
Ñ mybvb, wZiwghx

wØZxq avct
msMÖv‡gi cieZx© avc n‡jv cÖZ¨šÍ MÖvgv‡j KvMwR gy`ªv ev B‡j±ÖwbK
gy`ªv‡K cwinvi Kiv| D`vniYm¡iƒc, B‡›`v‡bwkqvi Rvfv Øx‡ci avb Pvlx‡`i DØy×
Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i †hb Zviv Pv‡ji wewbg‡q w`bvi ev m¡Y©gy`ªvq A‡_©i `vex K‡i|
G‡¶‡Î hw` †µZviv w`bvi w`‡q wKb‡Z Am¡xK„wZ Rvbvq, Zvn‡j Pvj we‡µZviv
Pvj-‡KB wewbg‡qi gva¨g A_©vr gy`ªv wnmv‡e e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡i| Pvj-‡K gy`ªv
wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv Aek¨B GKwU mvgwqK e¨e¯’v Avi GUv †Kej Aí cY¨ ev
†QvU-LvU µ‡qi Kv‡R e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Gfv‡e, ¶y`ª chv©‡qi †jb-‡`‡b
n‡jI KvMwR gy`ªv I B‡j±ªwbK gy`ªv‡K mwi‡q mybœvn-wfwËK gy`ªv Zvi RvqMv K‡i
wb‡Z cv‡i|

28
 Avgv‡`i Reve

GUv ej‡ZB nq †h, hZw`b BqvRyR I gvRy‡Ri wek¦-e¨e¯’v c„w_ex‡K

kvmb Ki‡Q, ZZw`b we‡k¦i kni¸wj B‡j±ªwbK gy`ªvi dvu‡` AvUKv c‡o _vK‡e|25
Z‡e gnvbex (mvt) Gi fwel¨ZevYx cwic‚Y© bv nIqv ch©šÍ mybœvn-wfwËK gy`ªv cÖZ¨šÍ
MÖvg n‡Z kn‡ii w`‡K AMÖmi n‡Z cv‡i:
Avey eKi Beb Avwe gwiqg n‡Z ewY©Z †h, wZwb Avjøvni bex‡K ej‡Z
ï‡b‡Qb, ÒgvbeRvwZi Dci Ggb mgq Aek¨B GwM‡q Avm‡Q hLb e¨envi Kivi
(ev DcKv‡i Avmvi) gZ Avi wKQyB _vK‡e bv| ZvB (†Zvgiv) w`bvi (¯^Y©gy`ªv) I
w`invg (†iŠc¨gy`ªv) mÂq K‡i ivL|Ó
Ñ gymbv`, Avngv`

mgvß

25
ÔcweÎ KyiAv‡b †RiæRv‡jgÕ eBwU‡Z GKwU cy‡iv Aa¨vq i‡q‡Q †hLv‡b BqvRyR I gvRyR
m¤ú‡K© Bmjv‡gi e³‡e¨i we¯ÍvwiZ eY©bv †`qv n‡q‡Q|

29
UxKv
1| KziAvb Ôe¨emvÕ I ÔA_©-FY †`qvÕ G `ywUi gv‡S cwi®‹vifv‡e
cv_©K¨ K‡i w`‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU e¨emvRwbZ A_© †jb-‡`‡b GKwU SyuwK _v‡K, KviY
GB †jb-‡`‡bi gva¨‡g jvf n‡Z cv‡i wKsev †jvKmvbI n‡Z cv‡i| gnvb Avjøvn
Zvi B”QvgZ KviI KvQ †_‡K wKQy wb‡q Ab¨ KvD‡K w`‡Z cv‡ib| Gfv‡e, gnvb
Avjøvn GUv wbwðZ K‡ib †hb cy‡iv A_©bxwZ Ry‡o m¤ú` cÖevwnZ nq| d‡j †Kvb
abxB wPiKvj abx _vK‡Z cv‡i bv Ges †Kvb Mwie‡K wPiKvj `vwi‡`ªi gv‡S ew›`
_vK‡Z nq bv|
wKšÍy hLb my‡`i wewbg‡q A_© FY †`qv nq, ZLb FY`vZv wb‡R‡K †h
†Kvb ¶wZ n‡Z evuPvevi Rb¨ m‡ev©”P cwigv‡Y wbivcËv wbwðZ K‡i| ZvB my`-
wfwËK A_©bxwZ‡Z A_© cÖevwnZ nq bv| hviv abx Zviv wPiKvjB abx _v‡K Avi
Mwi‡eiv _v‡K wPiKvjB Mwie, Ges †m †h †Kvb cÖKvi †kvl‡Yi Rb¨ Db¥y³ _v‡K|
D`vniY¯^iƒc, B‡›`v‡bwkqvi MÖv‡gi Mwie gymwjg gwnjv‡`i wmsMvcy‡i Agymwjg
DcRvwZq kvmK‡Mvôxi evmv‡Z M„n-cwiPvwiKv wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡Z nq, hw`I Zviv
Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ ˆeixfvevcbœ| ïK‡ii gvsm ivbœv I cwi‡ekb Kiv QvovI Zv‡`i‡K
ˆ`wbK 24 N›Uv K‡i mßv‡ni cÖwZwU w`bB KvR Ki‡Z nq| Ges G¸wji cÖwZwUB
Ki‡Z nq `vm-myjf gRywii wewbg‡q|
2| ÒAvbvm Beb gvwjK n‡Z ewY©Z †h Avjøvni bex e‡j‡Qb: †h e¨w³
evRv‡i wRwb‡li g‚j¨ m¤ú‡K© Rv‡b bv, †mB e¨w³‡K VKv‡bv n‡jv wievÓ
Ñ mybvb evBnvKx

ÒAve`yjøvn web Avey AvDdv n‡Z ewY©Z: evRv‡i cY¨ mvwR‡q ivLv GK
†jvK wg_¨v kc_ wb‡q e‡j †h Zvi cY¨ †Kbvi Rb¨ A‡bK `vg †`evi cÖ¯Íve †`qv
n‡qwQj, hw`I Zv‡K GiKg cÖ¯Íve †`qv nq wb| Gi †cÖw¶‡Z GB KziAv‡bi
AvqvZwU bvwhj nq: Òhviv Avjøvni bv‡g K„Z A½xKvi Ges cÖwZÁv mvgvb¨ g‚‡j¨
weµq K‡i, AvwLiv‡Z Zv‡`i †Kvb Ask †bB| Avi Zv‡`i mv‡_ wKqvg‡Zi w`b
Avjøvn K_v ej‡eb bv| Zv‡`i cÖwZ (KiæYvi) `„wóI †`‡eb bv| Avi Zv‡`i‡K
cwiï×I Ki‡eb bv| e¯ÍyZt Zv‡`i Rb¨ i‡q‡Q hš¿bv`vqK Avhve|Ó (3:77)|
Beb Avey AvDdv †hvM K‡ib: Giƒc (Dc‡iv³) gvby‡liv n‡jv wievi †fvMKvix I
wek¦vmNvZK|Ó
Ñ mvnxn, eyLvix

30
 UxKv

evRvig‚j¨‡K †Mvcb †i‡L cÖZviYvi gva¨‡g †jb-‡`b, GKRb we‡µZv

ev †µZv‡K evRvig‚‡j¨i †P‡q D”P ev wbgœg‚‡j¨ cY¨ wewµ ev µq Ki‡Z mvnvh¨
K‡i| Gfv‡e b¨vh¨fv‡e hZUyKz jvf Kiv DwPZ Zvi †P‡q †ewk jvf ev gybvdv
AR©b m¤¢e nq| Avgiv GLb ej‡Z cvwi †h cÖZviYvg‚jK †jb-‡`‡bi gva¨‡g H
cÖZviYvi gvwjK hw` Zvi b¨vh¨ jv‡fi †P‡q †ewk jvf K‡i Z‡e Zv n‡e wiev|
AvaywbK gy`ªve¨e¯’v M‡o I‡V‡Q KvMwR gy`ªvi Dci wfwË K‡i hv cÖwZwbqZ Zvi g‚j¨
nviv‡”Q| Avi GUvB †mB cÖZviYv, hvi gva¨‡g H gy`ªve¨e¯’vi wbqš¿Kiv Zv‡`i
b¨vh¨ jv‡fi †P‡q A‡bK †ewk gybvdv jvf Ki‡Q| ZvB GUv‡K ÔwievÕ ej‡Z n‡e|

31