I will be discussing on the parts of the cell and the membrane transport. Let's start.

Cells are the structural units of all living things

It has 3 main regions: Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Plasma Membrane

Nucleus

Inside the nucleus,

we have nucleolus in which it contains genetic material known as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

 DNA constitutes the genes which carry instructions for building proteins.

The nuclear pores allow the passage of certain substances in and out of the cytoplasm into the nucleoplasm.

Cytoplasm is divided into three section namely cytosol, inclusions, and organelles

In organelles we have

Mitochondria, mitochondria also known as the powerhouse of the cell in which it is a site of aerobic respiration and ATP synthesis

Ribosomes, It is the site of protein synthesis in the cell.

Endoplasmic Reticulum is the transport system of the cell.

It has two types the Rough ER and the Smooth ER.

The RER is studded with ribosomes thus are involved with protein synthesis and

the SER lacks ribosomes and functions in lipid metabolism

Golgi Apparatus modifies and packages proteins arriving from the RER via transport vesicles

Lysosomes is the site of intracellular digestion also known as the stomach of the cell
 Peroxisomes break down fatty acids, amino acids, and hydrogen peroxide

Cytoskeleton network of protein structures that provides the cell with an internal framework

Centrioles that generates microtubules that direct the formation of mitotic spindle during cell division

To proceed, some cells have surface extensions such as cilia, flagella, and lastly microvilli

The last region of the cell is Plasma Membrane

Fluid mosaic model is a lipid bilayer of phospholipids with embedded proteins.

It separates the contents of the cell from its outside environment.

Plasma membrane is selectively permeable, some materials can pass through while others are excluded

There are two basic methods of transport- the passive and active transport

Passive transport has two processes- the diffusion and the filtration.

Under diffusion, we have simple diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion

In simple diffusion, solutes can pass through easily without assistance

Next is Osmosis or the simple diffusion of water through a specific channel protein, aquaporin.

Next is Facilitated diffusion in which it has a protein membrane channels or protein molecules that

act as carriers that transports lipid insoluble and large substances.

Moving on, another process in passive transport called filtration.

Filtration is when water and solutes are forced through a membrane

by fluid, or hydrostatic pressure.

Another method of transport is the Active Processes.

 It has two types, the active transport and the vesicular transport.

Active transport are transported

by protein carriers known as solute pumps in which it is energized by ATP.

Example is the sodium-potassium pump that is necessary for nerve impulses

In vesicular transport, substances are transported in bulk without crossing the plasma membrane.

It has two types, the Exocytosis and the Endocytosis

Exocytosis occurs when a vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane

allowing its contents to be released outside the cell or into the extracellular fluid.

Next is the Endocytosis engulfs the extracellular substance in a vesicle and fuses with the lysosome.

Endocytosis has two types- the Phagocytosis known as the cell eating and

Pinocytosis known as the cell drinking and

the receptor-mediated endocytosis known with the lock and key system.

That concludes my video for today. Thank you very much for watching and have a good day.