Eyelids 1

Superior palpebral conjunctiva:

tarsal (meibomian) glands Superior lacrimal papilla and punctum
shining through
Plica semilunaris
Seen through Pupil
cornea Iris
Lacrimal caruncle in
lacrimal lake (lacus lacrimalis)
Corneoscleral junction
(corneal limbus)
Inferior lacrimal papilla and punctum
Bulbar conjunctiva
over sclera

Inferior conjunctival fornix

Inferior palpebral conjunctiva:

tarsal glands shining through

Levator palpebrae superioris muscle

Orbital septum
Superior tarsal (Müller’s) muscle (smooth) Sclera
Superior conjunctival fornix Bulbar conjunctiva
Orbicularis oculi muscle (palpebral part) Palpebral conjunctiva
Superior tarsus Cornea
Tarsal (meibomian) glands
Lens
Sebaceous glands
Anterior chamber
Eyelashes (cilia)
Iris
Openings of tarsal glands
Inferior tarsus Posterior chamber

Orbicularis oculi muscle (palpebral part)

Inferior conjunctival fornix
Orbital septum

Frontal bone

Insertion of levator palpebrae

superioris muscle

Orbital septum
Supra-orbital artery and nerve
Superior tarsus Supratrochlear artery and nerve
Lateral palpebral ligament Dorsal nasal artery
and overlying raphe and infratrochlear nerve

Inferior tarsus Lacrimal sac

Medial palpebral ligament
Orbital septum
Maxilla (frontal process)
Zygomatic bone
Infra-orbital artery and nerve

Orbit and Contents Plate 83  

 Lacrimal Apparatus
See also Plate 134

Superior lacrimal papilla and punctum

Orbital part of
lacrimal gland
Lacrimal canaliculi

Palpebral part of
lacrimal gland Lacrimal sac

Excretory ducts of
lacrimal gland Nasolacrimal duct

Plica semilunaris
Opening of
nasolacrimal duct
Lacrimal caruncle

Inferior lacrimal papilla and punctum

Superior lacrimal papilla and punctum

Frontal bone (cut away)

Lacrimal canaliculi
Orbital part of
lacrimal gland

Lacrimal sac
Palpebral part of
lacrimal gland
Nasolacrimal duct
Excretory ducts of
lacrimal gland
Middle nasal
concha
Plica semilunaris
and lacrimal lake

Nasal cavity
Lacrimal caruncle

Inferior nasal
Inferior lacrimal papilla and punctum concha (cut)

Opening of nasolacrimal duct

and site of Hasner’s valve Inferior nasal meatus

Plate 84    Orbit and Contents

 Fasciae of Orbit and Eyeball 1
Horizontal section Tarsus of eyelid
Palpebral conjunctiva
Medial palpebral ligament
Bulbar conjunctiva
Nasal cavity Lens
Cornea
Check ligament of Lateral palpebral ligament
medial rectus muscle
Check ligament of
Ethmoidal cells lateral rectus muscle
Periorbita Periorbita
Sclera
Medial rectus muscle
and fascial sheath Fascial sheath of eyeball
(Tenon’s capsule)
Fascial sheath of eyeball
(Tenon’s capsule) Episcleral space
Lateral rectus muscle
Sclera and fascial sheath
Episcleral space Retrobulbar fat
(orbital fat body)
Optic nerve (II) and
meningeal sheath Common tendinous ring
(of Zinn)
Sphenoidal sinus
Levator palpebrae superioris muscle and fascial sheath
Frontal section Optic disc
Superior oblique muscle and fascial sheath
Superior rectus muscle Medial rectus muscle and fascial sheath
and fascial sheath Periorbita
Lacrimal gland Ethmoidal cell
Lateral rectus muscle and
fascial sheath Sclera
Periorbita Fascial sheath of eyeball
(Tenon’s capsule)
Sclera
Inferior rectus muscle
Fascial sheath of eyeball and fascial sheath
(Tenon’s capsule)
Inferior oblique muscle
Episcleral space and fascial sheath
Infra-orbital nerve (V2)

Muscle attachments and nerves and vessels entering orbit

Superior orbital fissure
Lacrimal nerve (V1)
Frontal nerve (V1)
Trochlear nerve (IV)
Superior ophthalmic vein
Lateral rectus muscle
Superior branch of oculomotor nerve (III)
Inferior orbital fissure
Abducent nerve (VI)
Levator palpebrae superioris muscle
Superior oblique muscle
Superior rectus muscle
Medial rectus muscle
Optic nerve (II)
in optic canal
Ophthalmic artery
Inferior rectus muscle
Inferior branch of oculomotor nerve (III)
Nasociliary nerve (V1)

Orbit and Contents Plate 85  

 Extrinsic Eye Muscles

Right lateral view Superior oblique muscle

Levator palpebrae superioris muscle

Trochlea (pulley)
Superior rectus muscle
Optic nerve (II) (within meningeal sheath)
Medial rectus muscle

Common tendinous Lateral rectus muscle (cut)

ring (of Zinn)

Lateral rectus muscle (cut)

Inferior oblique muscle
Inferior rectus muscle

Maxillary sinus

Superior tarsus
Superior view
Levator palpebrae
Trochlea superioris muscle (cut)

Superior oblique muscle

Superior rectus muscle (cut)

Medial rectus muscle

Lateral rectus muscle

Inferior rectus muscle

Optic nerve (II) (within
meningeal sheath)
Common tendinous
ring (of Zinn) Superior rectus muscle (cut)

Levator palpebrae superioris muscle (cut)

Innervation of extrinsic eye muscles: Trochlear

anterior view Superior oblique muscle
Trochlea nerve (IV)

Levator palpebrae
superioris muscle

Superior rectus muscle Abducent

Oculomotor Lateral rectus muscle
nerve (VI)
nerve (III) Medial rectus muscle

Inferior rectus muscle

Inferior oblique muscle

Plate 86    Orbit and Contents

 Arteries and Veins of Orbit and Eyelids
See also Plates 3, 105
1
Superior view Medial palpebral artery

Lateral palpebral artery

Supratrochlear artery
Lacrimal gland
Dorsal nasal artery
Supra-orbital artery
Anterior meningeal artery
Zygomatic branches
Anterior ethmoidal artery
Posterior ciliary arteries
Posterior ethmoidal artery
Muscular branch

Continuation of ophthalmic artery Lacrimal artery

Muscular branch Central retinal artery

Ophthalmic artery

Internal carotid artery

Supra-orbital artery

X Supratrochlear artery

Dorsal nasal artery

Anterior view X
Superior medial
Frontal branch of palpebral artery
superficial temporal artery
Angular artery
Superior lateral palpebral artery X
Inferior medial
Zygomatico-orbital artery palpebral artery
Inferior lateral palpebral artery X
Superior and inferior
Zygomaticofacial artery palpebral arterial arches

Facial artery
Transverse facial artery

Infra-orbital artery (X = anastomosis of vessels from

external and internal carotid arteries)

Supratrochlear vein
Lateral view Supra-orbital vein Nasofrontal vein

Superior ophthalmic vein Angular vein

Cavernous sinus Vorticose veins

Facial vein

Inferior ophthalmic vein

Pterygoid plexus
Maxillary vein

Retromandibular vein Deep facial vein

Orbit and Contents Plate 87  

 Nerves of Orbit
See also Plates 52, 122, 123
Superior view
Supratrochlear nerve
Medial rectus muscle
Superior oblique muscle
Infratrochlear nerve
Nasociliary nerve
Trochlear nerve (IV)
Common tendinous ring (of Zinn)
Ophthalmic nerve (V1)
Optic nerve (II)
Internal carotid artery
and nerve plexus
Oculomotor nerve (III)
Trochlear nerve (IV)
Abducent nerve (VI)
Tentorium cerebelli
Long ciliary nerves
Superior view:
levator palpebrae superioris,
superior rectus, and superior
oblique muscles partially
cut away
Supratrochlear nerve (cut)
Supra-orbital nerve branches (cut)
Infratrochlear nerve
Anterior ethmoidal nerve
Optic nerve (II)
Posterior ethmoidal nerve
Superior branch of
oculomotor nerve (III) (cut)
Nasociliary nerve
Internal carotid plexus
Trochlear nerve (IV) (cut)
Oculomotor nerve (III)
Abducent nerve (VI)
Plate 88    Orbit and Contents
Medial branch Supra-orbital nerve
Lateral branch
Levator palpebrae superioris muscle
Superior rectus muscle
Lacrimal gland
Lacrimal nerve
Lateral rectus muscle
Frontal nerve
Maxillary nerve (V2)
Meningeal branch
of maxillary nerve
Mandibular nerve (V3)
Lesser petrosal nerve
Meningeal branch
of mandibular nerve
Greater petrosal nerve
Trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion
Tentorial (meningeal)
branch of ophthalmic nerve
Short ciliary nerves
Lacrimal nerve
Ciliary ganglion
Parasympathetic root of ciliary
ganglion (from inferior branch
of oculomotor nerve)
Sympathetic root of ciliary
ganglion (from internal
carotid plexus)
Sensory root of ciliary ganglion
(from nasociliary nerve)
Branches to inferior
and medial rectus muscles
Abducent nerve (VI)
Inferior branch of
oculomotor nerve (III)
Lacrimal nerve
Meningeal branch (V2)
Frontal nerve (cut)
Ophthalmic nerve (V1)
Meningeal branch (V3)
 Eyeball 1
Horizontal section Cornea
Zonular fibers Capsule of lens Anterior chamber
(suspensory ligament of lens)
Lens Posterior chamber
Scleral venous sinus
(canal of Schlemm) Iris Iridocorneal angle
Scleral spur
Ciliary processes
Ciliary body and ciliary muscle
Bulbar conjunctiva
Ciliary part of retina
Ora serrata
Tendon of
lateral rectus
muscle Tendon of
medial rectus
muscle

Optic (visual)
part of retina
Vitreous body
Choroid

Perichoroidal space Hyaloid canal

Sclera
Lamina cribrosa of sclera
Fascial sheath of eyeball
(Tenon’s capsule) Optic nerve (II)
Episcleral space
Central retinal
Fovea centralis in macula (lutea) artery and vein

Meningeal sheath of optic nerve

Subarachnoid space

Orbit and Contents Plate 89  

 Anterior and Posterior Chambers of Eye

Schwalbe’s line Posterior limiting lamina

(Descemet’s membrane)
Trabecular meshwork and spaces
of iridocorneal angle (of Fontana) Endothelium of anterior chamber
Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) Cornea
Scleral spur
Iridocorneal angle
Pectinate ligament
Major arterial
circle of iris
Anterior ciliary vein
Bulbar
conjunctiva Anterior chamber
Folds of iris
Sclera
Minor arterial
circle of iris

Lens

Posterior chamber

Ciliary
process
Ciliary Meridional Circular
part of fibers fibers Dilator pupillae
retina muscle
Ciliary muscle
Pigment Nucleus of lens
Zonular fibers epithelium
Ciliary body (suspensory (iridial part of Capsule of lens
ligament retina)
of lens)
Perichoroidal space Sphincter pupillae muscle

Note: For clarity, only single plane of zonular fibers shown;

actually, fibers surround entire circumference of lens.

Plate 90    Orbit and Contents

 Lens and Supporting Structures 1
Sclera

Choroid

Optic part of retina

Ora serrata
Axis
Orbiculus ciliaris of Lens
ciliary body covered Nucleus
by ciliary part of retina Capsule

Ciliary processes Cortex

Equator
Zonular fibers
Anterior chamber
Lens
Iris

Posterior chamber

Ciliary body
Eyeball sectioned in coronal plane:
anterior segment viewed from behind Ciliary process

Preequatorial
Zonular fibers Equatoria l
Postequatorial

Orbiculus ciliaris of ciliary body

Horizontal section
Ora serrata

Optic part of retina

Ora serrata
Orbiculus ciliaris of
Optic part ciliary body covered Zonular fibers fanning out
of retina by ciliary part of retina and blending into lens capsule
Ciliary processes Zonular fibers
Iris Lens

Enlargement of segment outlined in top illustration (semischematic)

Orbit and Contents Plate 91  

 Intrinsic Arteries and Veins of Eye

Cornea Minor arterial circle of iris

Anterior chamber
Major arterial circle of iris
Scleral venous sinus
(canal of Schlemm)
Blood vessels of ciliary body

Bulbar conjunctiva and

conjunctival vessels
Anterior ciliary artery and vein

Ciliary
body
Iridocorneal Iris Lens
angle
Ora serrata
Posterior chamber Muscular artery and vein
Zonular fibers
Extrinsic eye muscle
Retina
Vitreous chamber
Long posterior ciliary artery

Choroid

Sclera
Vorticose vein

Episcleral artery and vein

Retinal artery and vein

Long posterior ciliary artery

Short posterior ciliary arteries

Superior macular
Central retinal artery and vein arteriole and venule

Superior nasal
Superior temporal retinal arteriole
retinal arteriole and venule
and venule
Optic nerve (II)

Macula Optic disc

Fovea centralis

Inferior temporal Inferior nasal

retinal arteriole retinal arteriole
and venule and venule

Inferior macular
Right retinal vessels: funduscopic view arteriole and venule

Plate 92    Orbit and Contents

 Vascular Supply of Eye 1
Vascular arrangements within the choroid (vascular tunic) of the eyeball

Anterior tributaries of vorticose vein

Anterior ciliary arteries
Episcleral vein*
Tendon of superior rectus muscle
Junctions of suprachoroidal
Sclera tributaries forming vorticose vein

Posterior conjunctival Superior ophthalmic vein

artery and vein
Bulb of vorticose (choroid) vein

Anterior ciliary veins Vorticose (choroid) vein

Long posterior ciliary artery

Major arterial circle of iris
Short posterior
Minor arterial ciliary arteries
circle of iris

Meningeal sheath of
optic nerve
Conjunctiva
and cornea

Short posterior
ciliary arteries

Central retinal
Arteries and artery and vein
veins of iris

Scleral venous sinus

(canal of Schlemm) Vessels of internal
sheath of optic nerve
Veins draining scleral venous
sinus (into anterior ciliary veins)
Short posterior ciliary arteries
Anterior ciliary veins
Nonpigmented and pigmented Segment of episcleral vein*
regions of the retina Muscular artery Inferior ophthalmic vein
Recurrent branch of anterior ciliary artery Posterior tributaries of a vorticose vein

*The episcleral veins are shown here anastomosing with the vorticose veins,
which they do; however, they also drain into the anterior ciliary veins.

Orbit and Contents Plate 93