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Review Module –Steel Design – Flexural Members (NSCP 2001)

NSCP 2001 (Allowable Stress Design - ASD) For any value of 𝑙/𝑟𝑇 :
CHAPTER 5: STRUCTURAL STEEL 82,740 𝐶𝑏
SECTION 502 – DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 𝐹𝑏 = ≤ 0.60𝐹𝑦
(𝑙𝑑/𝐴𝑓 )
502.6 LOCAL BUCKLING where,
502.6.1 Classification of Steel Sections 𝑙 , 𝑚𝑚 = distance between cross sections braced against twist or lateral
displacements of the compression flange. For cantilevers braced
502.6.1.1 Steel sections are classified as compact, non-compact, and slender against twist only at the support, 𝑙 may conservatively be taken
element sections. For a section to qualify as compact, its flanges must be as the actual length.
continuously connected to the web or webs and the width-thickness ratios of its 𝒓𝑻 , 𝒎𝒎 = radius of gyration of a section comprising the compression
compression elements must not exceed the applicable limiting width-thickness flange plus 1/3 of the compression web area, taken about an
ratios from Table 502-1. Steel sections that do not qualify as compact are classified axis in the plane of the web.
as non-compact if the width-thickness ratios of the compression elements do not 𝐴𝑓 , 𝑚𝑚2 = area of the compression flange.
exceed the values shown for non-compact in Table 502-1. If the width-thickness
ratios of any compression element exceed the latter applicable value, the section
is classified as slender element section. MOMENT GRADIENT MULTIPLIER, 𝑪𝒃
𝑀1 𝑀1 2
SECTION 506 – BEAMS AND OTHER FLEXURAL MEMBERS 𝐶𝑏 = 1.75 + 1.05 ( ) + 0.3 ( ) ≤ 𝟐. 𝟑𝟎
𝑀2 𝑀2
506.2 ALLOWABLE STRESS: 𝐶𝑏 = 1.0 for simply supported and cantilever beams
STRONG AXIS BENDING OF I-SHAPED MEMBERS AND CHANNELS 𝐶𝑏 = 1.0 when moment at any point within the unbraced length is
greater than at the ends
506.2.1 Members with Compact Sections 𝑀1 = smaller end moment
506.2.1.1 For members with compact sections as defined in Section 502.6.1 𝑀2 = larger end moment
(excluding hybrid beams and members with yield points greater than 448
MPa) symmetric about, and loaded in, the plane of their minor axis the SIGN FOR 𝑴𝟏 /𝑴𝟐
allowable stress is:
𝐹𝑏 = 0.66 𝐹𝑦
provided that the flanges are connected continuously to the web or webs
and the laterally unsupported length of the compression flange 𝐿𝑏 does not
exceed the value of 𝐿𝑐 , as given by the smaller of:
200𝑏𝑓 137,900
𝑜𝑟
√𝐹𝑦 (𝑑/𝐴𝑓 )𝐹𝑦
𝑀1
= 𝑃𝑂𝑆𝐼𝑇𝐼𝑉𝐸, (+)
506.2.2 Members with Non-Compact Sections 𝑀2
𝐃𝐎𝐔𝐁𝐋𝐄 𝐂𝐔𝐑𝐕𝐀𝐓𝐔𝐑𝐄
506.2.2.1 For members meeting the requirements of Section 506.2.1 except
that their flanges are non-compact (excluding built-up members and members
with yield points greater than 448 MPa), the allowable stress is:
𝑏𝑓
𝐹𝑏 = 𝐹𝑦 (0.79 − 0.000762 √𝐹 )
2𝑡𝑓 𝑦
𝑀1
506.2.2.3 For members with a non-compact section (Section 502.6), but not = 𝑁𝐸𝐺𝐴𝑇𝐼𝑉𝐸, (−)
𝑀2
included above, and loaded through the shear center and braced laterally in 𝐒𝐈𝐍𝐆𝐋𝐄 𝐂𝐔𝐑𝐕𝐀𝐓𝐔𝐑𝐄
the region of compression stress at intervals not exceeding 200𝑏𝑓 /√𝐹𝑦 the
allowable stress is: 506.3 ALLOWABLE STRESS: WEAK AXIS BENDING OF I-SHAPED
𝐹𝑏 = 0.60𝐹𝑦 MEMBERS, SOLID BARS AND RECTANGULAR PLATES
=

506.3.1 Lateral bracing is NOT required for members loaded through the
506.2.3 Members with Compact or Non-Compact Sections with
shear center about their weak axis NOR for members of equal strength about
Unbraced Length Greater than 𝑳𝒄 .
both axes.
506.2.3.1 For flexural members with compact or non-compact sections as
506.3.1.1 Members with Compact Section
defined in Section 502.6.1, and with unbraced lengths greater than 𝐿𝑐 as
defined in Section 506.2.1, the allowable bending stress in tension is 506.3.1.1.1 For doubly symmetrical I- and H-shape members with compact
determined from equation: flanges (Section 502.6) continuously connected to the web and bent about
𝐹𝑏 = 0.60𝐹𝑦 their weak axes (except members with yield points greater than 448 MPa);
solid round and square bars; and solid rectangular sections bent about their
506.2.3.2 For such members with an axis of symmetry in, and loaded in the weaker axis, the allowable stress is:
plane of their web, the allowable bending stress in compression is
determined as the larger value from equations 𝐹𝑏 = 0.75 𝐹𝑦
506.3.1.2 Members with Non-compact Sections
703,270 𝐶𝑏 𝑙 3,516,330 𝐶𝑏 506.3.1.2.1 For members not meeting the requirements for compact sections
When √ ≤ ≤√ of Section 502.6 and not covered in Section 506.4, bent about their minor
𝐹𝑦 𝑟𝑇 𝐹𝑦
axis, the allowable stress is:
2 𝐹𝑦 (𝑙/𝑟𝑇 )2 𝐹𝑏 = 0.60 𝐹𝑦
𝐹𝑏 = 𝐹𝑦 ( − ) ≤ 0.60 𝐹𝑦
3 10.55 × 106 𝐶𝑏
506.3.1.2.2 Doubly symmetrical I- shape and H- shape members bent about
their weak axes (except members with yield points greater than 448 MPa)
𝑙 3,516,330 𝐶𝑏 with non-compact flanges (Section 502.6) continuously connected to the web
When >√ may be designed on the basis of an allowable stress of:
𝑟𝑇 𝐹𝑦
1,172,100 𝐶𝑏 𝑏𝑓
𝐹𝑏 = ≤ 0.60𝐹𝑦 𝐹𝑏 = 𝐹𝑦 (1.075 − 0.0019 √𝐹 )
(𝑙/𝑟𝑇 )2 2𝑡𝑓 𝑦
 MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila
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(032) 254-9967 (Cebu)

FLEXURAL MEMBERS (STEEL BEAMS)

BASED ON 2001 NSCP

SITUATION 1. A W section is used as a beam with a simple span

of 12 m. A36 steel is used with 𝐹𝑦 = 248 MPa.
Properties of W section:
A = 24700 mm2 tw = 15 mm Sy = 620 x 103 mm3
d = 820 mm Ix = 2800 x 106 mm4 rx = 335 mm
bf = 290 mm Iy = 90.7 x 106 mm4 ry = 60 mm
tf = 25 mm Sx = 6650 x 103 mm3

Determine the following:

a. Compute the allowable bending stress if it has a simple span
of 3.5m.
b. Compute the allowable bending stress if it has a simple span
of 4m.
c. Compute the allowable bending stress if it has a simple span
of 7m.
d. Compute the allowable bending stress if it has a simple span
of 9m

SITUATION 2. Consider the framing plan shown.

S=2m L = 10 m
Superimposed DL=5.0 kPa LL = 3.6 kPa

Properties of Beam:
W460 x 97
A = 12320 mm²
d = 465 mm
bf = 193 mm
tf = 19 mm
tw = 11 mm
Ix = 445x106 mm4
Iy = 23 x 106 mm4
Fy = 345 MPa

Consider bending about the x-axis. (Use rt = 50 mm).

a. What is the maximum bending stress in beam BF?

b. The compression flanges are laterally supported only at
midspan. With this condition, what is the permissible flexural
stress? Cb = 1.0