A≤ymbw ˛ aq∂v

a™n¬ hncn-bp∂ t_m[-[mc

t_m[-[m-c-bnse [z\n-Imhyw

ae-bmf t\mh-ens\ Imem-\p-kr-X-ambn ]cn-jv°-cn® kmln-Xy-Im-c-\mWv

Fw.Sn hmkp-tZ-h≥\m-b¿. kzIo-b-amb ssien-sIm-≠mWv At±lw Gsd {it≤-

b-\m-b-Xv. A¥¿ap-JX ]q¿W-ambpw `mKn-I-ambpw Xs‚ cN-\-I-fn¬ ]co-£n®v

hnP-bn® t\mh-en-ÃmWv FwSn. ]m›m-Xy-km-ln-Xy-hp-am-bp≈ kº¿°w At±-

l-Øn\v C°m-cy-Øn¬ Gsd klm-b-I-ambn. hnti-jn®v sPbnwkv tPmbn-kv,

sh¿Po-\nb hqƒ^v, amgvk¬ {]qÃv F∂n-h-cpsS IrXn-I-fp-am-bp≈ ]cn-Nbw

At±-l-Øn\v t\mh¬ cN-\-bpsS ]pXnb am\-߃ Im´n-s°m-Sp-Øp. hy‡n-I-

fpsS at\m-hym-]m-c-ßfpw A\p-`q-Xn-I-fp-a-S-ßp∂ am\-kn-I-bm-Ym¿∞yw Ah-X-

cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\mWv FwSn Du∂¬ \¬In-b-Xv. X∑qew Bhn-jv°mccoXnbpw

`mjm-ssi-enbpw IqSp-X¬ \ho-\-am-bn-Øo¿∂p.

km[m-c-W-co-Xn-bn¬ Hcp IY bmsXmcp ]pXp-a-I-fp-an-√msX Ah-X-cn-∏n-

°pI F∂-Xn¬ \n∂pw `n∂-ambn Pohn-X-bm-Ym¿∞y-ßsf {]Xy-£-h-ev°-cn®p

{]Z¿in-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wv t\mh-ens‚ [¿Ωw F∂ Nn¥-bn¬ \n∂p-amWv t_m[-[m-

cm-coXn DZbw sNbvX-Xv. IYm-Ir-Øns‚ \nc-¥-c-km-∂n[yw Hgn-hm°n hmb-\-

°msc kw`-h-ß-fpsS ZrIvkm-£n-bm°n am‰n-b-t∏mƒ hmb-\-°m-c≥ t\mh-en¬

IqSp-X¬ `mK-`m-°m-bn. AtXmsS t\mh¬ A\p-`-h-th-Zy-am-°pI F∂ e£yw

Ffp∏w Ign-™p. Aßs\ Pohn-X-Øns‚ ÿqe-amb Nn{Xo-I-c-WsØ hn´v

at\m-hym-]m-c-ß-fpsS kq£va-amb Bhn-jv°m-c-Øn\v {]m[m\yw kn≤n-®p.

hy‡n°pw Ahs‚ at\m-a-WvU-e-Øns‚ hni-I-e-\-Øn\pw {]m[m\yw \¬Ip∂

Cu kao-]\w Imev]-\n-I-X-bpsS XpS¿®-bm-Wv. a\- mWv G‰hpw i‡-amb

Z¿∏Ww F∂v hniz-kn® kmln-Xy-Im-c-\mWv FwSn hmkp-tZ-h≥ \mb¿. AXp-

 129

sIm-≠p-Xs∂ At±-l-Øns‚ F√m cN-\-I-fnepw t_m[-[m-cm-k-t¶Xw Hfn™pw

sXfn™pw IS-∂p-h-cp-∂p-≠v. CXns‚ km[y-X-Iƒ ]c-am-h[n {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-

Øp-∂-Xn¬ FwSn \njv°¿j ]pe¿Øn.

t_m[-[m-cm-co-Xn-bn¬ cNn® t\mh¬ F∂ \ne-bn¬ FwSn-bpsS "a™v'

ae-bmf t\mh¬ N-cn-{X-Øn¬ khn-ti-jÿ

- m\w t\Sn-bn-´p-≠v. kaq-lsØ A{]-

k-‡-am-°n-s°m≠v hy‡n-bpsS B¥-cn-I-a-WvU-e-Øn\v {]mapJyw \¬Ip∂

coXn-bmWv a™n¬ Ah-ew-_n-®n-´p-≈-Xv. km[m-cW t_m[-[mcm t\mh-ep-I-

fn¬ I≠p-h-cm-dp≈ Zp¿{K-lX Xo¿Øpw Hgn-hm-°n-s°m-≠mWv Cu t\mh-ens‚

inev]-kw-hn-[m\w \n¿Δ-ln-®n-´p-≈-Xv. ]m›mXy kmln-Xy-Øn¬\n∂pw ISw-

sIm≠ Hcp cN-\m-coXn F∂ tXm∂¬ Df-hm-°mØ Xc-Øn-emWv FwSn a™ns‚

BJym\w \S-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. {][m\ IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚ t_m[-{]-hm-l-Øn-

eqsS am{Xw Hgp-In-t∏m-Ip∂ ]Xn-hp-coXn FwSn Cu IrXn-bn¬ kzoI-cn-°p-∂n-√.

Ahy-‡hpw Ahym-tJy-b-hp-amb ssZ¿Ly-ta-dnb t_m[-{]-hm-l-ßtfm kz]v\-

hn-h-c-W-ßtfm hn{`mflI-amb Nn¥-Itfm a™n¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´n-√. t\mh-

ens‚ cq]-Ønepw `mh-Ønepw t_m[-[m-cbv°v F{X-am{Xw kzm[o\w sNep-Øm≥

km[n®p F∂-Xn\v DØ-a-Zr-jvSm-¥-amWv Cu IrXn. Iem kuIp-am-cy-Ønepw

inev]-L-S-\-bnepw cN-\m-X-{¥-Ønepw {it≤-b-amb ]co-£-W-߃ \S-Øn-bmWv

FwSn Cu t\mh¬ ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-b-Xv.

sNdp-I-Y-Ifpw t\mh-ep-Ifpw Hcp-t]mse At±-l-Øns‚ Xqen-Ibv°v hg-

ßp-am-bn-cp-∂p. "a™v' IqSmsX \mep-sI-´v, Akp-c-hn-Øv, Imew, hnem-]-bm-{X,

]mXn-cmhpw ]I¬sh-fn-®-hpw, Ad-_n-s∏m-∂v, c≠m-aqgw XpS-ßnb t\mh-ep-Ifpw

Ccp-´ns‚ Bflm-hv, Hmfhpw Xoc-hpw, Ipt´y-S-Øn, \ns‚ Hm¿a-bv°v, _‘-\w,

sNdnb sNdnb `qI-º-߃, Um¿ Fkv kemw, sj¿eIv F∂n-ßs\ A\-h[n

sNdp-IY
- I
- fpw At±-lØ
- ns‚Xmbn-´p-≠v. BJym-\c
- o-Xn-bpsS khn-ti-jX aqehpw
 130

CXn-hr-Ø-]-c-amb {]tXy-I-X-I-fmepw FwSn-bpsS cN-\-Iƒ ae-bmf t\mh¬

kmln-Xy-Øn¬ thdn-´p-\n¬°p-∂p. `qX-Im-eØ

- ns‚ Hm¿Ω-Ifpw \nd-ßfpw h¿Ø-

am-\-Im-e-Øn-te°v ebn-∏n°p∂ Hc-\p-`-h-amWv a™n¬ D≈-Xv. Ime-Øns‚

Ne-\hpw \n›-e-Xbpw a\p-jy-cnepw {]Ir-Xn-bnepw krjvSn-°p∂ Ne-\-߃

Cu t\mh-en\v at\m-lm-cnXtbIp-∂p.

a™ns‚ inev]w

a\pjya\- ns‚ k¶o¿W-hym-]m-cß
- sf t\mh-en-te°v Iq´n-s°m-≠p-h∂

kmln-Xy-Im-c-\mWv FwSn hmkp-tZ-h≥ \mb¿. at\m-\n-jvT-amb Imem-\p-`-h-ß-

fn¬ {i≤-bq-∂n-bmWv At±lw a™v cNn-®-Xv. CXv Hcp `mhm-flIt\mh¬

(Lyrical Novel) BWv. ae-bm-f-Øn¬ CØcw t\mh-ep-Iƒ FÆ-Øn¬ Ipd-hm-

Wv. t\mh¬ kpL-Sn-X-am-bn-cn-°Ww F∂ ]c-º-cm-K-X-k-¶-ev]sØ \ntj-[n-

°p∂ `mhm-flIt\mh¬ ]m›mXy kmln-Xy-Øn-emWv DZbwsNbvX-Xv. CXns‚

Nph-Sp-]n-Sn-®mWv a™ns‚ CXn-hrØw Nn´-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xv. Imem-\p-]q¿ΔX

Zo£n-°p∂ Hcp A¥-co-£hpw {]Xo-I-ßfpw `mjbpw tN¿∂v Cu t\mh-ens‚

A¿∞-`m-h-X-e-ßsf kº-∂-am-°p-∂p.

Pohn-XØ
- ns‚ ka-{Km-hn-jv°m-ca
- mWv t\mh¬ F∂ \n¿Δ-N\
- sØ t_m[-
[m-cm-t\m-h-ep-Iƒ Xnc-kv°-cn-°p-∂p. ASp°pw Nn´-bp-ap≈ Hcp IY-b√ Pohn-

Xw. inYn-em-\p-`-h-ß-fpsS Hcp ]c-º-c-bm-W-Xv. am\p-jn-I-amb BZ¿i-ß-fp-

tSbpw hnizm-k-ß-fp-tSbpw XI¿®bpw XXv^-e-amb taml-`w-K-ßfpw \njv^-e-

Xm-t_m-[-hp-amWv FwSnbpw ka-Im-eo-\cpw {]ta-b-ambn Is≠-Øn-bXv. FwSn-

bpsS t\mh-ep-I-fp-sS, hnti-jn®pw a™ns‚ CXn-hr-Ø-in-ev]-Øn¬ kw`-h-

߃°-√, IYm-]m-{X-ß-fpsS at\m-`m-h-߃°mWv {]m[m\yw. AXp-sIm-≠p-

Xs∂ {Inb-I-fp-tSbpw kw`-h-ß-fp-tSbpw hni-Z-amb hnh-c-W-ßfpw IYm-]m-{X-

ß-fpsS _mly-h¿W-\I
- fpw At±-lØ
- ns‚ t\mh-ep-If
- n¬ IS-∂p-hc
- p-∂n-√. IYm-
 131

]m-{X-ß-fpsS A¥¿`m-h-߃ at\m-K-X-ß-fpsS cq]-Øn¬ hmb-\-°m-c-\p-ap-ºn¬

kzbw {]Im-in-X-am-hp-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. ""A\p-`-h-߃ Nn´-s∏-Sp-Øn-sh-®m¬

t\mh-emIpw F∂ {]kvXm-h\ a™ns\ kw_-‘n-s®-¶nepw ]q¿Æ-am-Wv.''1

Dd-bp-Ibpw Dcp-Ip-Ibpw sNøp∂ Pohn-Xm-h-ÿ-I-fpsS hywKy-h-ev°-c-W-

amWv "a™v'. Cu t\mh-ens‚ ]›m-Øew DØcm©ense ss\\n-‰mƒ F∂

at\m-l-c-{]-tZ-i-am-Wv. IYm-]m-{X-ß-fpsS a\ pw t\mh-ens‚ A¥-co-£hpw

hfsc Cgp-In-t®¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p. hnae F∂ kv{XoI-Ym-]m-{X-amWv a™ns‚ tI{μ-

_n-μp. tIc-f-Øn¬ \n∂v hS-t°-bn-¥y-bn-te°v IpSn-tb-dn-∏m¿Ø Hcp CS-Øcw

ae-bmfn IpSpw-_-Ønse hnZym-k-º-∂-bmb Ahn-hm-ln-X-bm-Wv hna-e. ss\\n-

‰m-fnse Hcp t_m¿UnwKv kv°qfn¬ A[ym-]n-I-bmWv Ah¿. IpSpw-_-Øn¬

\n∂pw amdn tlmì Pohn-X-Øns‚ GIm-¥X Bkz-Zn-°p-Ibpw B \nan-j-ß-

fn¬ Pohn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ hnae FwSn bpsS anI® IYm-]m-{X-ß-fn¬ H∂m-

Wv. IpSpw-_-]-›m-Øew Cu IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚ kz`mh cq]o-I-c-W-Øn\v hfsc

kzm[o-\n-®p. tIc-f-Øn¬\n∂pw t]mbn, F∂m¬ A\y-\m-´n¬ thcp-d-∏n-°m-\p-

am-bn√ ˛ CXm-bn-cp∂p B IpSpw-_-Øns‚ Ah-ÿ. I¿°-i-°m-c-\mb ]nXm-hn-

t\m-sSm-∏-ap≈ _mey-Iu-am-c-ß-sf-°p-dn®v hna-ebv°v Hm¿°m≥ Gsd-sbm-∂p-

an-√. \jvS-s∏´ {]Xm-]-ß-fpsS _m°n-]-{X-amb ]nXm-hv, hm¿≤Iy-Øn-s‚-ta¬

Nmbw ]qin-s°m≠v A]-Yk

- ©
- mcw \bn-°p∂ AΩ, el-cn-hk
- vXp-°f
- n¬ A`bw

tXSnb ktlm-Z-c≥, {]Wbw hnt\m-Z-ambn ImWp∂ ktlm-Zcn ˛ Ch-cn-em-cnepw

Xs∂ hna-ebv°v AkvXnXzw Is≠-Øm-\m-bn-√. A¥¿ap-J-X-bmWv hna-e-bpsS

hy‡n-Xz-Øn¬ \nd-™p-\n¬°p-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ kz¥w at\m-a-WvU-

e-ß-fn¬ A`n-c-an®v Nn¥-I-fn¬ \n∂pw Nn¥-I-fn-te°v Hgp-In-s°m-≠n-cp∂ hna-

ebv°v Xs‚ IpSpw-_m-¥-co£w H´pw-Xs∂ Bizm-k-I-c-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. Imen-∏n-

t≈¿ Npg-‰n-sb-dn™ tNc-sb-t∏mse A\-ßm-\m-hmsX InS-°p∂ ]nXm-hn-t\bpw

 132

Akz-ÿ-X-bp-f-hm-°p∂ IpSpw-_m-¥-co-£-tØbpw hn´v hnae AI-tebv°p

t]mbn. s]mcp-Ø-t°-Sp-I-fn¬ \n∂pw Ah¿ sNs∂-Øn-bXv ss\\n-‰m-fnse Hcp

t_m¿UnwKv kv°qfn-em-bn-cp-∂p. bm{¥n-I-ambn Zn\-߃ IS-∂p-t]m-I-th, Hcp

G{]n¬am-k-Øn¬ kp[o¿Ip-am¿ an{i F∂ k©mcn kpJ-hm-k-Øn-\mbn Ahn-

sS-sb-Øn. bmZr-›n-I-am-bn-´mWv ]cn-N-b-s∏-´Xv F¶nepw Abmƒ hf-sc-thKw

hna-e-bpsS a\- -en¬ tNt°-dn. hnc-k-amb Zn\-ßfpw GIm-¥-Xbpw am{Xw

\nd™ hna-e-bpsS a\- n¬ N\-߃ krjvSn-°m≥ an{ibv°v km[n-®p. Abm-

fn¬ Ahƒ kpc-£n-X-Xzhpw XWepw tXSn. GXm\pw Znh-k-ß-fpsS am{Xw

ssZ¿Ly-ap≈ B _‘w hna-e-bn¬ Gsd am‰-߃ D≠m-°n. Ahn-Nm-cn-X-

ambn Hcp Znhkw Xs‚ kv{XoXzw AwKo-Ic

- n-°s
- ∏-´t- ∏mƒ AXn-eqsS Xs∂ Nqgv∂p-

\n-∂n-cp∂ A\m-YXzw C√m-Xm-Ip-∂-Xmbn Ahƒ°p tXm∂n. Znh-k-ßfpsS ]cn-

Nbw am{Xw kΩm-\n®v Xncn-sI-h-cp-sa∂v Hcp {]Xo-£-am{Xw \¬In Abmƒ IS-

∂p-t]m-bn, ]ns∂ h∂-tX-bn-√. Hcp Xc-Ønepw hna-esb At\z-jn-®p-an-√.

F∂m¬ \o≠ H≥]-Xp-h¿j-ß-fmbn Ahƒ ImØn-cn-°p-∂p. hcpw, hcm-Xn-cn-

°n√ F∂ hnizm-k-amWv Ah-fpsS AkvXn-XzsØ km[q-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv. hnIm-c-

Xo-{h-amb am\-kn-I-kw-L¿j-߃ H∂pw-Xs∂ Ahƒ ]¶p-h-bv°p-∂n-√, s]m´n-

sØ-dn-°p-∂n-√, Xnc-°n-bn-d-ßp-∂p-an-√. F∂p-am-{X-a√ `qX-Im-e-Øn¬ \n∂v ]pd-

Øp-h-cm≥ hnae B{K-ln-°p-∂p-an-√.

hnt\m-Z-k-©m-cn-bmbn FØnb kp[o¿Ip-am¿ an{i F∂ bphm-hp-ambn

]¶p-h® kpJZ \nan-j-ß-fpsS Xmgvh-c-I-fn¬ Pohn-X-Øns‚ AkvXnXzw Is≠-

Øm≥ {ian-°p∂ hna-e-bpsS a\- ns‚ a™p-cp-I-en-eq-sS-bmWv Cu t\mh-ens‚

CXn-hrØw A\m-hr-X-am-Ip-∂-Xv. Ah-fpsS a\ v Hcp khn-ti-jm-h-ÿ-bn¬

FØn-\n¬°p-I-bm-Wv. B ]cn-]-Iz-amb a\- n-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-Ip∂ Hm¿a-Ifpw

hnNm-c-ß-fp-amWv a™ns‚ Iym≥hm-kv. hna-e-bpsS ho£-W-tIm-Wn¬\n∂p≈

 133

Ah-X-c-W-amWv Cu t\mhen\v hyXykvXX {]Zm\w sNøp-∂-Xv. {hWn-X-amb

Hcp sshIm-cnI Pohn-X-amWv hna-e-bp-tS-Xv. sshIm-cn-I-amb Hcp A\m-YXzw
Nqgv∂p \n¬°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠mWv Ahƒ A¥¿ap-Jn-bm-b-Xv. kvt\lw a\- n-
sem-fn-∏n®v ]´m-f-®n-´-bn¬ a°sf hf¿Ønb ]nXmhpw, {]mbw kΩm-\n® Npfn-
hp-I-fn¬ {Ioapw ]uUdpw \nd®v apSn-I-dp-∏n®v h¿j-ßsf XS-™p-\n¿Øn Imap-
Is\ tXSn-t∏m-Ip∂ AΩ-bpw `mwKph-en®pw No´p-I-fn®pw AΩsb `oj-Wn-s∏-
SpØn ]Ww hmßnbpw Pohn-°p∂ [q¿Ø-\mb ktlm-Z-c\pw, _o¿_-l-Zq¿
F∂ the-°m-c≥ hgn t{]a-te-J\w ssIam-dp∂ A\p-P-Ønbpw, hna-e-bn¬
sshIm-cn-I-amb A\m-Y-Xz-Øns‚ hnØp-]m-In. CXn¬\n-∂p-ap≈ Hfn-t®m´w
]t£ hna-esb FØn-®Xv kp[o¿Ip-am¿ an{i F∂ k©m-cn-bmb bphm-
hns‚bSp-Øm-Wv.

kvt\lw kpJ-ap≈ Hcp _‘-\-am-Wv. AXv IpSpw-_-Øn¬ \n∂pw e`n-

°msX h∂t∏mgmWv hnae Xs‚ a\- n-te°p Xs∂ aS-ßn-b-Xv. GI-\mbn
P\n®v \nc¿∞-I-amb PohnXw \bn®v GI-\mbn acn-t°≠ a\p-jy≥ F¥n-\mWv
I¿Ω-_‘
- ß
- f
- psS _‘-\ß
- f
- n¬ s]mXpth Akz-ÿ\
- m-Ip-∂X
- v? F∂ tNmZyw
B[p-\nI t\mh-en-Ãp-Iƒ kΩm-\n-®-Xm-Wv. a™n¬ Bh¿Øn®p IS-∂p-h-cp∂
tNmZyhpw CXp-X-s∂. \n -lm-b-bmbn kz¥w a\- ns‚ Xmgvh-c-bn¬, Hcp XS-
h-d-bv°p-≈n¬ F∂-Xp-t]mse HXp-ßn-°q-Snb hnae Hcp A\n-Xc km[m-c-W-
amb hy‡n-Xz-Øn-\p-S-a-bm-Wv. Imew Xfw sI´n \n¬°p∂ Ipa-bq¨ Ip∂p-I-
fn¬ Ccp≠ apSn-®p-cp-fp-Iƒ°p-≈nse \c-®-tc-J-Iƒ Hfn-∏n-®p-sh®v hnae Xs‚
ImØn-cn∏v XpS-cp-∂p. Hº-Xp-h¿jw apºv \jvS-s∏´ Hcp kz]v\w ho≠pw Poh≥
sIm≈p-sa∂v Ahƒ hnNm-cn-®p-t]m-Ip-∂p. X]m-em-∏o-kn¬ \n∂v Aa¿knwKv
hcp-tºm-sg√mw kp[o¿Ip-am¿ an{i-bpsS \rØw-sh-bv°p∂ hbve‰v A£-c-
߃°p-th≠n Ah-fpsS s\©n-Sn-°p-∂p. Ime-Øn-\p-kq-£n-°m≥ th≠n Pohn-
X-Ønse Akp-e` aplq¿Ø-Øn¬ AkvXnXzw Is≠-Øn-b-h-fmWv hna-e.
 134

a™ns‚ CXn-hr-Ø-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\[mc ImØn-cn-∏m-Wv. ImØn-cn-

°p∂ IYm-]m-{X-߃ Cu t\mh-en¬ thsdbpap≠v. _p±phpw k¿Zm¿Pn-bp-

sa√mw Cusbmcp {]Xo-£-bn-emWv Pohn-°p-∂-Xv. \n›-e-amb XSm-I-Øns‚

Ic-bnse GIm-¥-amb ImØn-cn∏v kzbw G‰p-hm-ßn-b-h-fmWv hna-e. Ahn-sS-

sh®v Ahn-Nm-cn-X-ambn ]cn-N-b-s∏´ tXmWn-°m-c-\mWv _p±p. sh≈m-cw-I-Æp≈

Xs‚ ]nXm-hn-s\-bmWv Ah≥ ImØn-cn-°p-∂X

- v. Hcp cm{Xn-am{Xw Xs‚ AΩbv°p

kΩm-\n®v aS-ßnb Xs‚ ]nXm-hns\ Xncn-®d

- n-bm≥ Ahs‚ ssIhiw kmbv]ns‚

aßnb Hcp Nn{X-ap-≠v. Hcp \n[n-t]mse DSp-∏ns‚ Ioi-bn¬ AXv kq£n-®p-

sh®v _p±p- Im-Øn-cn-°p-∂p. Hmtcm Ah-[n-°m-eØpw \Kcw DSp-sØm-cp-ßp-

tºmƒ k©m-cn-Iƒ FØn-Øp-S-ßp-tºmƒ Ah≥ Ah-cn-se√mw Xs‚ sh≈mcw

IÆp≈ A—s\ Xnc-bp-∂p. \ncm-i-s∏-SmsX ASpØ kok¨ hcm-\mbn ImØn-

cn-°p-∂p. hna-ebv°pw _p±p-hn\pw {]Xo-£-bp-≠v. "hcpw, hcm-Xn-cn-°n√' F∂v.

Ah-fpsS Xma-k-ÿ-e-Øn\p kao]w Ah-[n-°mew Nnehgn-°m-s\-Ønb htbm-

[n-I-\mb k¿Zm¿Pnbpw ImØn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. At±lw {]Xo-£n-°p-∂Xv cwK-

t_m-[-an-√mØ tImam-fn-bmb ac-W-sØ-bm-Wv. NßmXn F∂mWv k¿Zm¿Pn

AXns\ hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. XØz-Nn-¥-bpsS No¥p-Iƒ ^en-X-Øn¬ Nmen®v

Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ Cu IYm-]m{Xw "a™n's‚ A¥-co-£sØ Ipd-®p-IqSn Zo]vX-

am-°p-∂p. Xs‚ c£n-Xmhv F∂v ac-WsØ k¿Zm¿Pn hnfn-°p-∂p. At±-l-

tØm-sSm∏w Nne-h-gn® \nan-j-߃ hna-ebv°p kΩm-\n-®Xv `qX-Im-e-kva-c-W-I-

fm-Wv. _p±phpw k¿Zm¿Pn-bp-sa√mw hf-sc -s]-s´∂v hna-e-bpsS Nßm-Xn-am-cm-

bXv ImØn-cn∏ns‚ kam-\-X-sIm-≠m-Wv.

ae-bm-fØ
- n-te°v t_m[-[mcmkt¶-XsØ ]cn-Nb
- s
- ∏-Sp-Øp-Ib
- mWv a™n-

eqsS FwSn sNbvX-Xv. Pohn-X-Øns‚ ka-{K-Xbpw AKm-[-Xbpw A\p-kyq-X-

Xbpw Bg-Ønepw ]c-∏nepw hc®p Im´p-I-bmWv Cu kt¶-X-Øns‚ {]tXy-I-X.

 135

a™ns‚ CXn-hr-ØsØ kw_-‘n®v Cu hnti-jWw Gsd {]k-‡-am-Wv. hna-

bpsS a\- ns‚ hnhn-[-X-´p-I-fn¬ Hfn™pw sXfn™pw cq]w-sIm-≈p∂ A`n-em-

j-߃, am\-kn-I-kw-L¿j-߃, kwL-´-\-߃, Xmf-∏n-g-Iƒ, Aº-c-∏p-Iƒ,

Dƒhn-fn-Iƒ, Hcp \nan-jm¿≤-Ønse ]pfIw Ch-sb√mw tIm¿Øn-W-°n-bmWv

FwSn a™ns‚ CXn-hr-Ø-Øn\v ka-{K-Xbpw AKm-[-Xbpw A\p-kyq-X-Xbpw

{]Zm\w sNbvX-Xv.

XS-h-d-bpsS Imh¬°mcn

t_m[-[mcmt\mh-ep-I-fnse IYm-]m-{X-߃ A\n-X-c-km-[m-c-W-amb

hy‡nXzw t]dp-∂-h-cm-Wv. ]c-º-cm-KX t\mh-ep-I-fn-se-t∏mse Dd-∏p≈ hy‡n-

Xz-ßsf AYhm Alwt_m[-ap≈ Pohn-Isf CØcw t\mh-ep-I-fn¬ {]Xo-£n-

°m-\m-hn-√. a™nse IYm-]m-{X-Nn-{Xo-I-cWw CXn\v sXfn-hm-Wv. Hcp {]tXyI

hy‡n-Xz-Øns‚ Bhn-jv°m-c-Øn\v t_m[-[m-cm-coXn F{X-tØmfw klm-b-I-

amWv F∂Xv hnae F∂ IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚ kz`mhw A]-{K-Yn-®m¬ a\- n-em-

Ipw. Xc-f-lr-Z-b-cmb IYm-]m-{X-ß-sf-bmWv FwSn km[m-c-W-bmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-

°p-∂-Xv. sNdnb sNdnb kz]v\-ß-fn-emWv Ah¿ Pohn-°p-∂-Xp-X-s∂. kaq-l-

Øn¬\n∂pw H‰-s∏-´-h-cmWv Ah¿. kvt\l-iq-\y-amb Np‰p-]m-Sp-Iƒ Ahsc

GIm-In-Ifpw hnjm-Z-aq-I-cp-am-°p-∂p.

a™nse hnae-bpsS hy‡nXzw \nch[n khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ \nd-™-Xm-Wv.

anX-amb hnIm-c-{]-I-S-\w, km{μ-X-bp≈ kw`m-j-Ww, ZpxJ-Ønepw kt¥m-j-

Ønepw Aan-X-amb Bk‡n {]I-Sn-∏n-°mØ a\- v, `qX-Ime kw`-h߃ ad-

°m-Xn-cn-°p-tºmgpw Ah-sb-°p-dn®v "sk‚n-sa‚¬' BIm-Xn-cn-°m-\p≈ anX-Xzw,

kq£va-amb am‰-߃t]mepw a\- n-em-°m-\p≈ k∂-≤-X, \n¿hn-Im-cX F∂n-

h-sb√mw IqSn-t®¿∂-XmWv hna-e-bpsS hy‡n-Xzw. Cu IYm-]m{Xw Xs∂-bmWv

t\mh-ens\ ssNX-\y-hØ
- m-°p-∂X
- pw. Bƒ°q-´Ø
- n¬ X\n-®m-Ip-∂h
- c
- mWv FwSn-
 136

bpsS H´p- a n° IYm- ] m- { X- ß - f pw. hnIm- c - X o- { h- a mb am\- k nI kwL¿j-

߃s°m∂pw A[o-\c
- m-hp-∂h
- c
- √ At±-lØ
- ns‚ kv{XoI-Ym-]m-{X-߃. ImØn-

cn∏pw At\z-j-Whpw FwSn IYm-]m-{X-ß-fpsS hn[n-bm-Wv. hna-e-bm-I-s´, ImØn-

cn∏v F∂ Z¿i-\-Øn-eqsS AkvXnXzw ImWm≥ {ian-°p-∂-h-fm-Wv. AXnse

sshIm-cn-IX aqe-ap≈ B¿{Z-X-bmWv hna-e-bpsS as‰mcp {]tXy-I-X. kp[o¿Ip-

am¿ an{i-bp-ambn ]¶p-sh® \nan-j-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Ahƒ Ab-hn-d-°p-∂Xv hnIm-c-

\n-b-{¥-W-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. inYn-e-amb IpSpw-_-_-‘-sØ-°p-dnt®m ss\\n-

‰m-fn¬ hcm-\n-S-bmb kml-N-cy-sØ-°p-dnt®m H∂pw-Xs∂ hnae AXn-ssh-Im-cn-

I-Xt- bmsS Nn¥n-°p-∂n-√. an{i aS-ßn-hc

- m-ØX
- ns‚ Imc-Wß
- s
- f-°p-dn-t®m¿Øpw

Ahƒ thh-em-Xn-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. Ah-fpsS kvarXn-bn¬ AsXm-∂p-an√ F∂-XmWv

hmkvX-hw.

G‰hpw \n m-c-ßfpw £W-`w-Kp-c-ß-fp-amb hnIm-c-ßsf Ah-X-cn-∏n®p

hnP-bn-∏n-®-h-cn¬ A{K-K-Wy-\mWv FwSn. AXn\v At±-lsØ klm-bn-®Xv kam-

\-X-I-fn-√mØ Nne IYm-]m-{X-ß-fm-Wv. Pohn-X-Øns‚ ka-kvX-ta-J-e-I-fnepw

s]mcp-Øs
- ∏-Sm-\m-hmØ Xc-Øn-ep≈ PohnXw \bn-°p-∂h
- c
- mWv Ah-cn¬ Gdnb

]¶pw. kz¥w hy‡n-Xz-Øns‚ ap\-Iq¿∏n-°m-\mWv Ah-tcm-tcm-cp-Øcpw {ian-

°p-∂-Xv. Bcpw Btcbpw a\- n-em-°p-∂n-√. Hcp hn´p-ho-gvNbv°pw Xøm-dm-Ip-

∂p-an-√. kz¥w kz]v\-ß-fn¬ Pohn-®p-a-cn-°m-\mWv Ah¿ B{K-ln-°p-∂-Xv.

hoWp-In-´p∂ \nan-j-ß-fnse kpJw kz¥-am°n Akw-Xr-]vXnsb Iog-S-°m≥

{ian-°p-∂-h-cmWv Ah¿. a™nse hnae CØ-c-samcp kv{XoI-Ym-]m-{X-am-Wv.

GIm-¥hpw Bh¿Ø\ hnc-k-hp-amb Xs‚ Pohn-X-Øn¬ Nne \nan-j-ß-fpsS

AkvXnXzw Xnc-bp-I-bmWv hnae ImØn-cn-∏n-eqsS sNøp-∂-Xv. kp[o¿Ip-am¿

an{i F∂ k©m-cn°v Ahƒ kzbw ka¿∏n-®-Xp-Xs∂ Cu AkvXnXzw Xnc-b-

ens‚ `mK-am-Wv. izmkwap´n-°p∂ Krlm-¥-co-£-Øn¬ \n∂v Ahƒ HmSn-sbm-

 137

fn-°p-∂Xv GIm-¥-X-bpsS XS-h-d-bmb tlmì apdn-bn-te-°m-Wv. AS-®n´ Pme-

I-ß-fp-tSbpw XWpØ InS-°-bp-tSbpw hmbn-®p-a-SpØ ]pkvX-I-ß-fp-tSbpw

temIØv hnae A`bw tXSp-∂p. Ah-sb√mw X\n°v Bizmkw ]I-cp-∂p-

sh∂v Ahƒ hniz-kn-°m≥ {ian-°p-∂p.

Bfl-kw-L¿j-ßsf \nkw-K-X-bn¬ s]mXn-bm-\mWv hnae {ian-°p-∂-

Xv. A—s‚ ac-Whpw AΩ-bpsS A]-Y-k-©m-chpw ktlm-Z-cs‚ el-cn-tX-Sn-

bp≈ bm{Xbpw ktlm-Z-cn-bpsS {]W-bhpw hna-e-bn¬ bmsXmcp {]Xn-I-c-Whpw

D≠m-°p-∂n-√. Ah-sbm∂pw Ah-fn¬ Hcp Nn¥bpw DW¿Øp-∂n-√. F∂pw

Hm¿Ωn-°p-hm-\p≈ Hcp cm{Xn-bv°p-th≠n civan-hm-Pvt]bn F∂ hnZym¿∞n\n

\S-Øp∂ \mS-I-Øns‚ s]mcpƒ a\- n-em-bn´pw hnae {]Xn-I-cn-°p-∂n-√. Chn-

sS-sb√mw \nkw-K-X-bn¬ s]mXn™ au\w ]men-°m-\mWv Ahƒ B{K-ln-°p-

∂-Xv. ImcWw t_m[-[mcmt\mh-ep-I-fnse IYm-]m-{X-߃ bmYm¿∞y-Øns‚

temI-Øp-\n∂v AI∂p \n¬°m≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂p. am\-kn-I-amb temIØp

Pohn-°p∂ hnae Ahn-sS-\n∂pw ]pd-Øp-h-cm≥ B{Kln°p-∂n-√. AXn-\mbn

{ian-°p-∂p-an-√. h√-t∏m-gp-ap-≠m-Ip∂ h¿Ø-am-\-Ime Pohn-X-Ønse kw`-h-

߃ Ah-fpsS kz]v\-tem-I-Øn¬ Nne t£m`-߃ krjvSn-°p-∂p. Pohn-X-

Øn¬ Ft∏mgpw Fs¥-¶nepw a\- n-en´v Xmtem-en-°m\pw AXn-s\-°p-dn®v Btem-

Nn-°m\pw {]Xo-£-]p-e¿Øm\pw km[n-°pI F∂Xv Nnesc kw_-‘n®v Hcp

A\p-{K-l-am-Wv. AXmWv hna-e-bpsS AkvXn-Xz-Øn\v B[m-cw. Ahƒ Hcn-

°epw iq\y-X-bn-te°v XmWp-t]m-Ip-∂n-√. \nkw-K-bm-hm≥ \nc-¥cw {ian-°p-

∂Xpw AXp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂-bm-Wv. Hº-Xp-h¿jw apºv Icn-™p-t]mb kz]v\w

ho≠pw Xfn¿°p-sa∂ hnizm-k-Øn-emWv hnae Pohn-°p-∂-Xv.

Pohn-X-Øns‚ a[ym-”-Øn¬ FØn-bn´pw hna-e-bn¬ _mey-Øns‚

\njv°f
- ¶
- X Nne-t∏m-sg-¶nepw {]I-Sa
- m-Ip-∂p-≠v. _p±p-hp-am-bp≈ kulr-ZØ
- n¬
 138

AXv \ng-en-°p-∂p-≠v. Ah-cn-cp-hcpw Nne-t∏m-sg-¶nepw Htc am\-kn-Im-h-ÿ-

bn¬ BsW∂p tXm∂n-t∏m-Ip∂ a´n-ep≈ Ah-X-c-W-amWv FwSn \n¿Δ-ln-®n-cn-

°p-∂-Xv. k¿Zm¿Pn-tbm-Sp≈ s]cp-am-‰-Ønepw hna-e-bnse Cu `mhw \ng-en-°p-

∂p-≠v. Hcn-°¬ t_m´p-bm-{Xbv°p t]mIm≥ At±lw hna-esb £Wn-®p. Ahƒ

kΩ-Xn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. F∂m¬ Ahn-Nm-cn-X-ambn k¿Zm¿Pn FØn-bn-√.

At±lw hcm-Ø-Xn-\m¬ hnae X\ntb XSm-I-Øn¬t∏mbn khm-cn-sNbvXp aS-

ßp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ip´n-I-fp-tS-Xp-am-{X-amb Hcp hmin-bmWv CXn\v Ahsf t{]cn-

∏n-®X
- v. Cu IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚ B¥-cn-Ia
- W
- vUe
- Ø
- n-te°p {]th-in-°m≥ CØcw

\nan-j-߃ Hcp \nan-Ø-am-Ip-∂p.

IYm-]m-{X-kr-jvSn-sb-°p-dn®v \ne-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ k¶-ev]-ßsf \ho-I-

cn-°p-I-bmWv FwSn sNbvX-Xv. AXn\v At±lw t_m[-[mcmkt¶-XsØ Ah-

ew-_n-®p. GIm-In-I-fmbnØo¿∂ hy‡n-I-fpsS Bfl-s\m-ºcw FwSn-tbmfw

Xo{h-ambn Bhn-jv°-cn-°p-hm≥ ka-Im-eo-\¿°p km[n-°msX t]mbXpw AXp-

sIm-≠p-X-s∂-bm-Wv. kmaq-ln-I-\n-b-a-ßfpw hy‡n-bpsS B¥-cn-I-tNm-Z-\-Ifpw

XΩn-ep≈ kwL¿jw Nne-th-fI
- f
- n¬ hy‡nsb ]m]-Øn-te°v \bn-°p-∂p. P∑-

hm-k-\-bpsS Iev]\ BZyw A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw ]n∂oSv AXv sX‰m-sW∂

hnthIw DZn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. bp‡y-[n-jvTn-X-amb kmaq-lnI t_m[w ]›m-

Øm-]-Øn-te°v hgn sXfn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ hy‡n-bpsS sshIm-cnI taml-߃

ss\Xn-I-aq-ey-ßsf Iogvs∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ ho≠pw sX‰p sNøm≥ Ah\v t{]c-W-

bp-≠m-Ip-∂p. FwSn-bpsS IYm-]m-{X-ßsf hnti-jn®pw a™nse hna-esb Cu

]›m-Ø-e-Øn-emWv A]-{K-Yn-t°-≠-Xv.

ss\\n-‰m-fnse a™p-]p-X-®p-In-S-°p∂ XSm-I-°-c-bn-te°v hnt\m-Z-k-©m-

cn-bmbn FØp∂ kp[o¿Ip-am¿ an{isb Ah-X-cn-∏n-®-Xn¬ FwSn kzoI-cn® cN-

\m-Iu-iew a™ns‚ `mhm-hn-jv°-c-W-Øn\v Xnf-°-ta-‰p-∂p. hna-e-bpsS Bfl-
 139

K-X-cq-]-Øn-ep≈ Hm¿Ω-I-fn-eq-sS-bmWv FwSn an{i-bpsS hy‡n-Xz-Øns‚ Cg-

Iƒ s\bvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Abmsf IuXpIw DW¿Øp∂ Hcp hy‡nXzam-bn-´mWv

Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Abmƒ h©-It\m kv{Xoe-º-St\m BsW-∂p≈ kqN-\-

Iƒ hna-eb
- psS Hm¿Ω-If
- n-seßpw \ng-en-°p-∂n-√. Hº-Xp-h¿j-ambn hnae ImØn-

cn-°m≥ XpS-ßn-bn-´v. C{X-\mfpw Abmƒ hcm-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v hnae Hcn-

°¬t∏mepw Nn¥n-°p-∂n-√. Abm-fpsS ssIb-£-c-ßsft∏mepw a\- ns‚

tImWp-I-fn-en´v emfn-°p∂ hnae Hcp IØv Ab-bv°m-Ø-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®p-t]mepw

hymIp-e-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. Abm-tfm-sSm∏w Nne-h-gn® kpJ-Z-amb \nan-j-߃ am{Xta

hna-e-bpsS Hm¿Ω-bn-ep-≈q. ""Ime-Øns‚ \S-∏m-X-bn¬ Cu \nanjw ]t≠

ÿm\w-]n-Sn-®-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.''2 F∂p-am-{Xta Ahƒ AXn-s\-°p-dn®p Nn¥n°p-∂p-

≈q. Cusbmcp ImgvN-∏m-Sn-emWv hnae km[m-cW kv{XoI-Ym-]m-{X-ß-fn¬\n∂v

hyXy-kvX-bm-Ip-∂-Xv.

tI{μ-I-Ym-]m-{X-amb hna-esb ho£-W-tIm-Wmbn kzoI-cn-®-t∏mƒ A\p-

_-‘-I-Ym-]m-{X-ß-sf√mw tcJm-Nn-{X-ß-fmbn amdn. kp[o¿Ip-am¿ an{ibpw

k¿Zm¿Pnbpw _p±p-hp-sa√mw hna-ebv°p Np‰pw Id-ßp∂ D]-{K-l-߃ am{X-am-

Wv. apJ-߃ Ahy-‡-am-sW-¶nepw Ah-cp-sS-sb√mw km∂n[yw Xo{h-am-Wv.

tcmK-Øns‚ c£m-I¿Xr-Xz-Øn¬ ss\\n-‰m-fn¬ kpJ-hm-k-Øn-\mbn FØp∂

]©m-_n-°m-c-\mb k¿Zm¿Pn a™ns\ Cta-P-dn-bn-se-gp-Xnb Hcp XØz-Nn-¥-

bmbn am‰n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. kwKo-XsØ kvt\ln-°p∂ Abmƒ AXn-tesd Pohn-

XsØ kvt\ln-°p-∂p. hnIm-c-\n-b-{¥Ww Abm-fnepw \ap°v ImWm-\m-Ipw.

hna-e-bpsS a\- n-te°v Nn¥-Isf Ib‰n hnSp-∂Xv k¿Zm¿Pn-bpsS km∂n-[y-am-

Wv. \n¿hn-Im-cX \nd™ hna-e-bpsS a\- n¬ Ne-\-߃ krjvSn® k¿Zm¿Pn

IS-∂p-h∂
- Xpw aS-ßn-t∏m-bXpw hfsc kzm`m-hn-Ia
- m-bn-´m-Wv. Hcp-]t£ kp[o¿Ip-

am¿ an{i-sb-t∏mse hna-e-bn¬ Ne-\-߃ krjvSn®p Xncn-sI-t∏m-bn. hna-ebv°v

 140

{]Xo-£n-°m\pw ImØn-cn-°m\pw a‰p NneXpw IqSn kΩm-\n-®n-´mWv k¿Zm¿Pn

bm{X-bm-b-Xv. B ImØn-cn-∏p-Xs∂bmWt√m hna-e-bpsS AkvXn-Xz-hpw.

hfsc hnZ-Kv≤-am-bn-´mWv FwSn hnae F∂ IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚ Ne-\-ßfpw

`mh-ßfpw Nn¥-Ifpw {]Xn-I-c-W-ß-fp-sa√mw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xv. kq£va-

ambn A]-{K-Yn-®m¬ hna-e-bn¬ atkm-°n-Ãp {]h-W-X-Iƒ \ap°v Is≠-Øm-\m-

Ipw. ZpxJ-tØbpw GIm-¥-X-tbbpw H‰-s∏-S-en-t\bpw aSp-∏n-t\-bp-sa√mw adn-I-S-

°m≥ hna-e-{i-an-°p-∂n-√. AXn¬Øs∂ A`n-c-an-°m-\mWv Ahƒ B{K-ln-°p-

∂-Xv. Np‰p-]m-Sp-ap≈ ImgvN-I-fn¬\n-s∂√mw hnae HmSn-sbm-fn-°p-∂Xv tlmì

apdn-bpsS GIm-¥-X-bn-te-°m-Wv. XS-hd F∂m-W-Xns\ hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

kz¥w ]nXm-hns‚ ac-Ww-t]mepw hfsc im¥-X-tbm-sS, \nkw-K-X-tbm-sS-bmWv

Ahƒ t\cn-´-Xv. B \nanjw hf-sc-t\-ctØ Xs∂ {]Xo-£n-®n-cp-∂-Xp-t]m-se-

bmWv hnae s]cp-am-dp-∂-Xv. A—s‚ acWw Adn™ \nan-jsØ hnae t\cn-Sp-

∂Xv Cß-s\-bm-Wv. ""Cuizcm! F\n-s°t¥m XI-cm-dp-≠v. H∂p-Ic

- b
- m≥ t]mepw

Ign-hn-√-t√m..... Xs‚ Ime-Sn-sh-bv]p-Iƒ ]X-dp-∂n-s√∂v Ahtfm¿Ωn-®p. ZpxJ-

Øns‚ \o¿∏m-S-Iƒ a\- n-te°v Cd-ßn-h-cp-∂n-√. {]`m-X-Øn¬, A©-c-a-Wn°v,

Fs‚ A—≥ acn-®p. ac-W-Øns‚ hm¿Ø-bpsS apºn¬, \o¿®p-gn-bn¬s∏´ Hcp

]p¬s°m-Sn-t]mse, BSn-bp-e™p \n -lm-bbm-hp-∂Xv a\- n¬ I≠n-cp-∂p.

H∂pw kw`-hn-°p-∂n-√. I\Ø im¥X am{X-amWv a\- n¬''3 ZpxJ-Øn¬ Im´p∂

Cu anXXzw bYm¿∞-Øn¬ \n¿hn-Im-c-X-bm-Wv. t_m[-[m-c-bn¬ Ncn-°p∂ IYm-

]m-{X-Øn-\p-am-{Xta CØ-c-Øn¬ {]Xn-I-cn-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈q. A\m-ÿ,

AI¿Ω-Wy-X, Ae-kX
- , Ah-\h
- t- \m-Sp-Xs
- ∂-bp≈ A]-cn-Nn-XXzw A\y-Ym-`mhw

Ch-sb√mw hna-e-bpsS kz`m-h-Øns‚ `mK-am-Wv. Hcp sdmam‚n-°ns‚ kz]v\-

tem-I-Øn-emWv Ahƒ Pohn-°p-∂-Xv.

 141

t_m[-[mcmt\mh-ep-I-fnse IYm-]m-{X-߃ kaq-l-Øn¬\nt∂m IpSpw-

_-Øn¬\nt∂m \njv°m-kn-X-cm-b-htcm kzbw _ln-jvIr-X-cm-b-htcm AXp-a-

s√-¶n¬ kaq-lt- ØmSp tbmPn-°m-\m-hmØ Awiw t]dp-∂h

- tcm BWv. kvt\l-

iq-\y-amb temI-amWv Ah¿°p-Np-‰p-ap-≈-Xv. AXv Ahsc GIm-In-Ifpw \nkw-

Kcpw \n¿hn-Im-c-cp-am°n am‰p-∂p. kaq-lhpw hy‡nbpw XΩn-ep≈ s]mcp-Ø-an-

√m-bva-bn¬ \n∂mWv hy‡n-bpsS H‰-s∏-S¬ Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xv. Cu {]kvXm-h\

]q¿W-ambpw icn-sh-bv°p∂ t\mh-emWv a™v. kzbw \n¿Ωn® Hcp XS-h-d-

bv°p-≈n¬ Ign-bp∂ hna-e H‰-s∏´ Hcp Xpcp-Ønse At¥-hm-kn-bm-Wv. kaq-l-

sØ-°p-dnt®m Ahn-SpsØ {]iv\-ß-sf-°p-dnt®m hnae Nn¥n-°p-∂n-√. KX-Im-

e-kvac
- W
- I
- f
- n¬ A`n-ca
- n®v Nne \nan-jß
- f
- n¬ am{Xw Pohn-°m-\mWv Ahƒ B{K-

ln-°p-∂-Xv. Cusbmcp kz`m-h-amWv civan-bpsS apkm-hcn _w•m-hn-te-°p≈

bm{Xbv°v A\p-hmZw aqfm-≥ So®-dmb hna-esb t{]cn-∏n-®-Xv. B Ip´n-bpsS

c£n-Xm-°sf bYm-k-abw hnhcw Adn-bn-°m-Xn-cp-∂Xpw X∑q-e-am-Wv. kaq-l-

sØ-°p-dnt®m kv°qfns‚ k¬t]-cn-s\-°p-dnt®m F¥n-t\sd Xs‚ AkvXn-Xz-

sØ-°p-dnt®m hnae Nn¥n-°p-∂n-√. Cusbmcp Ah-ÿ-X-s∂-bmWv A—s‚

acWw hna-e-bn¬ BLm-X-sam∂pw krjvSn-°m-Xn-cp-∂-Xns‚ Imc-W-hpw. B \nan-

j-Ønepw Ahƒ thh-em-Xn-s∏-Sp-∂Xv Xs‚ \n¿hn-Im-c-X-sb-°p-dn-t®m¿Øm-Wv.

ac-W-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-Øp-sh∂v hcp-Øn-Øo¿Øv NS-ßp-Iƒ Ah-km-\n-°msX aS-

ßp∂ hnae kaq-l-Øns‚ \nb-a-ß-sf-bmWv Im‰n¬ ]d-Øp-∂-Xv.

t_m[-[mcmt\mh-ep-I-fnse IYm-]m-{X-ß-fpsS as‰mcp khn-ti-jX

A¥¿ap-J-Xz-am-Wv. Ah¿ a‰p-≈-h-sc-°p-dn®v DXv°-WvT-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. Ah-\-h-s\-

°p-dn-®p-am-{Xta Nn¥n-°p-∂p-≈q. X∂n-te-°p-Xs∂ Hfn-°m≥ {ian-°p∂ hna-e-

bpsS GIm-¥hpw hnNn-{X-hp-amb a\ v FwSn Xpd∂p Im´p-∂p. kv]¿in®v Adn-

bm-hp∂ Xc-Øn-emWv t\mh-enÃv hna-e-bpsS a\- ns\ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

 142

Hcp kv{Xo GsX√mw \nan-j-ß-fn¬ H‰-s∏-Sp∂p F∂p ImWn®pXcp-∂-Xn-t\m-

sSm∏w Fhn-sS-sb√mw Ahƒ°v kzmX-{¥y-ap-]-tbm-Kn-°m-sa∂pw hnae \ap°v

a\- n-em-°n-Ø-cp-∂p. t_m[-[m-c-bn¬ Ncn-°p∂ IYm-]m-{X-߃ khn-tij

hy‡n-Xz-ß-fp-≈-h-cm-Wv. Ah¿ Ãocn-tbm-ssS∏v IYm-]m-{X-ß-f-√. hf-sc-tbsd

Zu¿_-ey-ß-fp≈ ]®-bmb a\p-jy-cmWv Ah¿. km[m-cW a\p-jy¿ hnImcw

sIm≈p∂ kμ¿`-ß-fn¬ Ah¿ \n¿Δn-Im-c-cm-bn-cn-°pw. a‰p-≈-h¿°v A{]-[m-\-

sa∂pw A{]-k-‡-sa∂pw tXm∂p-∂-bn-S-ß-fn¬ Ah¿ Xo{h-amb sshIm-cn-I-X-

tbmsS {]Xn-I-cn-°pw. Nne-t∏mƒ {]Xn-tj-[n-°pw. hna-e-bpsS Nn{Xo-I-c-W-Øn¬

FwSn Ch A\p-h¿Øn-®n-´p-≠v. k¿±m¿Pn-tbm-sSm∏w D≈ \nan-j-ß-fn-emWv

hna-e-bpsS khn-tij hy‡nXzw ad-\o°n ]pdØp hcp-∂-Xv. t_m[-[mcm t\mh-

ep-I-fnse IYm-]m-{X-ß-sf√mw CtX cYy-bn-eqsS Ncn-°p-∂-h-cm-Wv.

a™n¬ \nd-™p-\n-ev°p∂ km∂n-≤y-amWv hna-e. hni-Zo-I-c-W-߃°pw

hymJym-\-߃°pw A∏p-d-amWv Cu IYm-]m-{Xw. Ae-k-X, aSp-∏v, ImØn-cn-∏v,

Ah-⁄, Aa¿jw, au\w, hmin, GIm-¥-X, \jvS-t_m-[w, `·-{]-Wbw F∂nh

amdn-amdn Ah-fn¬ {]Xn-^-en-°p-∂p. a™nse IYm-]m-{X-ßsf {]m[m-\y-Øns‚

ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ h¿Ko-I-cn-°m-\m-hn-√. Fs¥-∂m¬ Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw Ah-c-h-

cp-tS-Xmb hy‡nXzw \¬Ip-∂-Xn¬ FwSn Gsd {i≤n-®n-´p-≠v. AXn\v G‰hpw

\√ ZrjvSm-¥-amWv ImØn-cn-∏ns‚ as‰mcp {]Xo-I-amb "sh≈mcw IÆp-I-fp≈

_p±p'. hna-ebv°pw Ah-\p-anS-bn¬ A¥cw Gsd-bp≠v F¶nepw Nne \nan-j-

ß-fn¬ B AIew C√m-Xm-Ip-∂p. ]e-t∏mgpw _p±p hna-e-bpsS a\- ns‚ Ccp-

≠-tIm-Wp-I-fn-te°v A\p-hm-Z-an-√m-sX-sbØn Ne-\-߃ krjvSn-°p-∂p-≠v. B

a\- nse hnIm-c-hn-Nm-c-߃ hmb-\-°m-c\v ImWn-®p-X-cp-∂Xpw Ah-\m-Wv. ]Xn-

s\m-∂m-asØ A[ym-b-Øn¬ A—s‚ acWw \S∂ cm{Xn-bn¬ Dd-ßm≥ InS∂

hnae Hcp kz]v\Ønte°v hgp-Xn-ho-gp-∂p. ""\\pØ Hmf-߃ HmSn-\-S-°p-∂p.

 143

HgpIn \S-°p-Ib
- m-Wv. Hgp-Ip-Ib
- √; apJ-∏n¬ Ac-b∂w Nnd-Ip-hn-S¿Øn \nev°p∂

Ifn-h-≈-Øn¬ k©-cn-°p-IbmWv. BZyw _p±p-hmWv tXmWn Xpg-™Xv. _p±p

kwkm-cn®p XpS-ßn-b-t∏mƒ _p≤p-h√. tjhp-sNbvXv Cfw ]®-\n-d-Øns‚ \ng-

ev]m-Sp-hoW apJw _p±p-hn-s‚-b√. \oe-R-c-ºp-Iƒ apJØp XpSn-°p-∂p. s\‰n-

bn-te°p hoWp InS-°p∂ apSn''4. ChnsS hna-e-bpsS Nn¥-Iƒ t_m[-[m-c-

bpsS klm-b-tØmsS kp[o¿Ip-am¿ an{i-tbm-sSm-∂n-®p≈ \nan-j-ß-fn¬ FØn-

\n-ev°p-∂p. t_m[-[m-c-bn¬ Ncn-°p∂ hna-e-bpsS Nn¥-Iƒ Ft∏mgpw CX-c-I-

Ym-]m-{X-ß-fp-ambn sI´p-]n-W-™p-In-S-°p-∂p.

a\- ns‚ Bhn-jvImcw ˛ a™n¬

kpt_m-[-a-\- nse Nn¥-I-fp-tSbpw Ah-t_m-[-Øn-t‚bpw A`w-Kp-c-amb

{]hm-l-amWv t_m[-[mcmt\mh-ep-I-fn¬ ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xv. `qX-h¿Ø-am\

`mhn-Im-e-ß-fpsS ss\c-¥-cy-Øn¬ XS w krjvSn-®mWv t\mh-enÃv t_m[-{]-

hm-lsØ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. {]ta-b-tØm-fw-Xs∂ {]m[m-\y-ap≠v cN-\m-X-{¥-

Øn\pw F∂-XmWv FwSn-bpsS \ne-]m-Sv. {]ta-b-Øn\v A\p-tbm-Py-amb cN-\m-

k-t¶Xw kzoI-cn-°p-hm≥ At±lw Ft∏mgpw {i≤n-°m-dp-≠v. BZn-a-[ym-¥-s∏m-

cp-Ø-ap≈ IY-]-d-®n¬ Dt]-£n®v t_m[-{]-hm-l-coXn F∂ \qX\ cN-\m-k-{º-

Zmbw kzoI-cn-®X
- n-eqsS FwSn hmb-\°
- m¿°v Hcp ]pXnb hmb-\m-\p-`hw ]I¿∂p-
\¬Ip-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. 1964-˛¬ {]kn-≤o-Ir-X-amb {lkz-amb 15 A[ym-b-ßfpw

80 t]Pp-Ifpw am{X-ap≈ a™v h¿j-߃ ]n∂n-´n´pw ]pXpa Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂-

Xns‚ apJy-Im-cWw {]ta-b-a-√, Ah-X-cW ssien-bnse hyXy-kvX-X-bm-Wv.

a\- ns‚ `qXm-b\
- ß
- f
- n-eqsS IY-]d
- b
- p-∂c
- oXn t_m[-[m-cm-t\m-he
- p-Iƒ°v

am{Xw Ah-Im-is
- ∏´ H∂m-Wv. CXns\ ]c-am-h[n {]tbm-P\
- s
- ∏-Sp-Øn-bmWv FwSn
a™v cNn-®-Xv. IYm-]m-{X-ß-fpsS hy‡nXzw cN-\m-co-Xnsb KWy-ambn kzm[o-

\n-°p-sa∂v Cu t\mh¬ km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. A¥¿ap-Jcpw Btem-N-\m-io-e-

 144

cp-amb IYm-]m-{X-ßf
- psS at\m-KX
- ß
- f
- n-eqsS IY-bpsS Npcpƒ \nh¿ØpI F∂Xv

FwSn-bpsS X\-Xp-ssi-en-bm-Wv. Hcn-°epw bmYm¿∞y-am-ImØ kz]v\-ßsf

Xmtem-en-®p-sIm≠v kz¥w `mh-\m-aW

- vUe
- Ø
- n-en-cp∂v X]- p-sN-øp∂ hna-eb
- psS
a\- n-eq-sS-bmWv FwSn BJym\w \n¿Δ-ln-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. hmNm-e-ambn kwkm-

cn-°m≥ CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂n√ F∂p-am-{X-a√ kaq-l-Øns‚ apJy-[m-c-bn¬ \n∂v

AI∂p \n¬°m≥ {ian-°p∂ IYm-]m-{X-amWv hna-e. {]Xn-I-cWw \n¿_-‘-

ambpw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂ kml-Nc
- y-Øn¬ am{Xw kwkm-cn-°p-∂p. AXm-Is´ {lkz-

amb hmN-I-ß-fntem hm°p-I-fntem A¿∞-K¿`-amb au\-ß-fntem HXp-ßp-∂p.

{]mb-Øn¬°-hn™ ]mIX kzbw ssIh-cn-®-h-fmWv hnae. k¿Zm¿Pn-bpsS

C‡m-c-bvs°m∏w Db¿∂ ]©m-_n-bn-ep≈ t{]a-Km\w Ah-fpsS a\- ns\ Xc-

f-am-°p-∂p.

""Imt° ]d°q hfsc Zqc-tØmfw

Fs‚ {]nb-X-a-t\mSp tNmZn°q

Fs∂ ad-∂-sXt¥?..... Ahƒ kzbw Xm°o-Xp-sN-bvXp. ap∏-sØm∂p

hb- mb Hcp kv{Xo, \mtSm-Sn-∏m´p tIƒ°p-tºmƒ Zp¿_-e-bm-I-cp-Xv.....''5 ChnsS

Ahƒ kzbw hnIm-c-\n-b-{¥Ww ]men-°p-∂p. k¿Zm¿Pn-bp-am-bp≈ kwkm-c-th-

f-bnepw hna-e-bpsS Cu kz`mhw {]I-S-am-Wv.

""So®¿Pn.... F{X-Im-e-ambn ChnsS?

"Hº-Xp-sIm√w'

""Mvlpw... BZyw Cu ]md-bn¬ Ib-dm≥ h∂-t∏mƒ X\n-®m-bn-cp-∂n√,

At√?''

Ahƒ adp-]Sn ]d-™n-√.

""Rm\pw X\n-®m-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]t£ AXv hf-sc-sIm√w apºmWv''. Abmƒ

Xe-Ip-\n®v IÆ-S-®n-cp-∂p. As∂-\n°v Ccp-]-Øn-aq∂p hb- m-Wv. Hcm-Wns‚
 145

Pohn-X-Ønse G‰hpw \√-Imew GXm-sW∂v Adn-bmtam? ]Tn-®p-h-t®m-fq... Ccp-

]-Øn-aq∂v! Abmƒ°-Xn\v Hcp hni-Zo-I-c-W-hp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ccp-]-Øn-A©v

Hcp hgn-Øn-cn-hm-Wv. ]mI-X-sb-Ønb Hcp bphm-hm-sb∂v kzbw tXm∂pw. Ccp-

]-Øn-\m-en¬ ASp-sØ-Ønb hgn-Øn-cn-hns\ sXm´p-ap-ºn¬ ImWpw. ]Xn-s\-

´n\pw Ccp-]-Øn-c-≠n-\p-an-Sbv°v Iuam-c-Øns‚ Awi-߃ ]eXpw _m°n-

\n¬°pw. "Ccp-]Øn aq∂v!' "\nß-fpsS hwi-Øn\v ]Xn-t\-gn-s\mcp hnti-jWw

sImSpØ hnZzm≥ \ΩpsS Imcyw ad-∂p-t]m-bn.' \nan-j-߃ ho≠pw \ni-_vZ-X-

bpsS \o¿°-b-Øn-te°p XmWp-t]m-bn.

""F¥mWv So®¿Pn H∂pw ]d-bm-ØXv?''

"F¥p ]d-bm≥?'

"Fs¥-¶n-epw.... ]≠v Rm\pw Cß-s\-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Ft∂mSp am{Xta Rm≥

IqSp-X-embn kwkm-cn-®n-cp-∂p-≈q. Ct∏mƒ F\n°v F¥n-t\mSpw kwkm-cn-°mw.

]md-I-tfm-Sv, ac-ß-tfm-Sv, hnf-°p-ImepI-tfm-Sv.... kwkm-cn-°m≥ Ign-bp∂Xv Hc-\p-

{K-l-am-Wv.... So®¿Pn icn-bt√?

"icn-bm-bn-cn°mw''.6

ChnsS hna-e-bn¬ hnIm-c-hn-Nm-c-߃ DW¿Øn-hn-Sm≥ k¿Zm¿Pn°p Ign-

bp-∂p. F∂m¬ Ah-fpsS au\w hfsc A¿∞-h-Øm-Wv. t_m[-[mcm t\mh-ep-

Iƒ hnNm-c-{]-[m-\-ß-fm-Wv.

BZy-Im-e-ß-fn¬ kw`-h-{]-[m-\-ß-fm-bn-cp∂ t\mh-ens‚ CXn-hrØw

]nev°m-eØv hy‡y-[n-jvTn-X-ß-fmbn amdn. Ipd-®p-IqSn Ign-™-t∏mƒ hy‡n-a-

\- ns‚ Bg-ßf
- n-te°v t\mh-en-Ãp-Iƒ IS-∂p-sN-∂p. Ahn-sS-\n-∂p-amWv t_m[-

[mcm t\mh-ep-Iƒ DZbw sNbvX-Xv. AYhm t_m[-{]-hm-l-coXn Hcp A\n-hm-cy-

X-bmbn amdn-bXv At∏m-gm-Wv. FwSn-bpsS a™v ae-bmf t\mh¬ Ncn-{X-Øns‚

`mK-ambn amdn-bXpw C°m-cW

- Ø
- m-em-Wv. hna-eb
- psS a\- ns‚ Bg-ßf
- n¬ \n∂v
 146

Db-cp∂ kvarXn-I-fpsS Hmf-ß-fn-eq-sS-bmWv a™ns‚ IY hnI-kn-°p-∂-Xv.

Ahsf Nqgv∂p \n¬°p∂ a™n\p \Sp°v GI Ah-ew_w Hm¿aIƒ am{X-am-

Wv. ImØn-cn-∏mWv hna-ebv°v Bizmkw \¬Ip-∂-Xv. AXmWv Cu t\mh-

ens‚ inev]-im-eo-\-Xbv°v am‰p-Iq-´p-∂-Xv.

t_m[-[mcm t\mh-ep-Iƒ cNn-°m\pw Bkz-Zn-°m\pw Aev]-samcp am\-

kn-Im-[zm\w Bh-iy-am-Wv. Hm¿a-I-fnepw kw`-h-hn-h-c-W-ß-fn-ep-ambn Cg-s]m-´n-

°n-S-°p∂ CXn-hr-ØsØ AXns‚ ka-{K-X-bn¬ Z¿in-°m≥ BZy-hm-b-\-bn¬

Xs∂ Ign-b-W-sa-∂n-√. AXn-\p-Im-cWw BJym-\-Ønse Zpcq-l-Xtbm Ir{Xn-a-

Xztam A√. Ipg-™p-a-dn™ BJym-\-ambn A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂Xv CXn-hr-ØsØ

Iem-]-c-ambn hn\y-kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv. a™n¬ hna-e-bpsS Hm¿a-I-fn-

eq-sS-bmWv IY A\m-h-cWw sNøp-∂-Xv. Cu t\mh-ens‚ BJym-\-Øn¬ FwSn

AXn-an-XXzw ]men-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-sW∂v ]d-bmw. hna-e-bpsS a\- n¬ Hm¿a-I-fp-

≠m-°p∂ Ne-\-ß-fpsS kq£va-Nn-{Xo-I-cWØn¬ Akm-[m-c-W-amb Dƒ°m-gvN-

bmWv t\mh-enÃv {]Z¿in-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. hna-e-bpsS a\- ns‚ Xmgvhcbn¬

Dd-bp-Ibpw Dcp-Ip-Ibpw sNøp∂ a™v hmb-\°
- m-c\
- n-te°pw hym]n-°p-∂p. A\p-

`-h-߃ A{XtØmfw Xo{h-am-bn-´mWv Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Ah-fpsS a\x-

kw-L¿j-Øns‚ `mh-Nn-{X-ß-fmWv CXn¬ DS-\o-f-ap-≈-Xv. \jvS-kz-]v\-sØ-

°p-dn-t®m¿Øv ImØn-cn-°p∂ hna-e-bpsS lrZ-b-kv]-μ\w Hmtcm Xmfnepw \nd-

™p-\n¬°p-∂p. {]Ir-Xn-tbbpw a\p-jy-a-\- n-t\bpw kq£va-ambn \nco-£n®v

_mly-hk
- vXp-°ƒ lrZ-bØ
- n-ep-≠m-°p∂ Nn{X-߃ Nn´-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw a‰p Nn{X-
ß-fp-amtbm `mh-ß-fp-amtbm Ahsb tafn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xn¬ Akm-am\y

Ic-hn-cp-XmWv FwSn {]I-Sn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂v a™v km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

{]Ir-Xnsb a\- ns‚ IÆm-Sn-bm-°n-bn-cn-°p∂ ImgvN a™ns‚ Hcp khn-

ti-j-X-bm-Wv. hna-e-bpsS hnjm-Z-aq-Ihpw F∂m¬ {]Xo£ \n¿`-c-hp-amb am\-
 147

knI {]]-©-amWv a™v. Cu t\mh-ense apJy-[m-c-Iƒ ImØn-cn-∏v, \n›-e-X,

Hm¿a, th¿]mSv F∂o at\m-`m-h-ß-fm-Wv. Cu hnIm-c-ßsf {]Xy-£-h-ev°-cn-

°p∂ IYm-]m-{X-ß-fmWv _p±phpw k¿Zm¿Pnbpw hna-e-bp-sa-√mw. t_m[-[m-c-

bn¬ Ncn-°p∂ IYm-]m-{X-߃ ]e-t∏mgpw `qX-Im-em-h-ÿ-I-tfbpw A\p-`-h-ß-

tfbpw Ipdn-t®m¿Øv hyYn-X-cm-Ip-∂p, {hWn-X-cm-Ip-∂p. KX-Im-e-Ønse lnc-

◊b Nn¥-I-fn¬ A`n-c-an-°m≥ Xm¬]cyw Im´p-∂p.

IpØn-sbm-gp-Ip∂ Hm¿a-I-fpsS {]hm-l-sØ t_m[-[m-cm-co-Xn-bn¬ {]Xy-

£o-`-hn-∏n-°m-\mWv FwSn a™n¬ {ian-®-Xv. IY-bpsS h¿Ø-am-\-Imew Npcp-f-

gn-bp-tºmƒ AXn-\p-≈n¬Øs∂ `qX-Im-e-Øns‚ A¥¿[m-c-Ifpw IqSn-t®¿∂v

BJym-\-Øn\v Bghpw `mh-km-{μ-Xbpw ssIh-cp-∂p. t_m[-[mcm t\mh-en¬

CXn-hr-Ø-Øn\v h¿Ø-am-\-Ime ssZ¿Lyw Ipd-hm-bn-cn-°pw. kw`-hn-°p∂

IYbpw \n m-c-am-bn-cn-°pw. F∂m¬ B kw`-h-Øns‚ Infn-hm-Xn-en-eqsS Zriy-

am-Ip∂ `mh-X-e-amWv IY-bpsS ImX¬. Cu BJym-\-k-{º-Zm-b-amWv a™n\v

[z\ym-flI kuμcyw ]I¿∂p-\¬Ip-∂-Xv. Hcp `mh-Km-\-Øn¬ F∂-Xp-t]mse

at\m-`m-h-ßsf hyRvPn-∏n-°p-∂-XmWv FwSn-bpsS {]Xn-]m-Z-\-ssi-en. `mj-bpsS

D]-tbm-K-Øn¬ km{μX ssIh-cn-°m-\mWv At±lw {ian-®-Xv. BJym-\-Øn¬

A\m-h-iy-amb Hcp hm°p-t]mepw ]mSn√ F∂ \n¿_-‘hpw At±-l-Øn-\p-≠m-

bn-cp-∂p. a™nse BJym-\-coXn Cg-hn-S¿Øn ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ Cu hkvXpX

hy‡-am-Ipw. IYm-\m-bn-I-bp-tSbpw _p±p-hn-t‚bpw k¿Zm¿Pn-bp-tSbpw F¥n\v

Aa¿knw-Kns‚ t]mepw kw`m-j-W-ß-fn¬ t\mh-en-Ãns‚ kq£va-ZrjvSn ]Xn-

™n-´p-≠v. hna-e-bpsS `·-{]-W-b-Øn-s‚bpw Imev]-\n-I-amb ImØncn∏n-t‚bpw

IYsb t_m[-{]-hm-l-k-t¶-X-Øns‚ klm-b-tØmsS FwSn Ahn-kva-c-Wo-b-am-

°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
 148

a\p-jy-a-\- n¬ Xnc-am-e-I-sf-t∏mse Db¿∂p-Xm-gp∂ H∂mWv t_m[-{]-

hm-lw. a\ v im¥-amb Hcp IS-en\p kam-\-am-Wv. im¥-amb IS¬ F∂-Xn-

\¿∞w Xnc-am-e-I-fn-s√-∂-√. Ime-Øn¬ \n∂pw AS¿Øn-sb-SpØ Hcp {]tXyI

\nan-j-Ønse {]Xn-I-c-W-amWv Hcp t_m[-[m-cbv°v ASn-ÿm-\w. H∂n-e-[nIw

t_m[-[m-c-Iƒ IqSn-°-e¿∂mWv a™ns‚ CXn-hrØw cq]-I-ev]\ sNbvXn-cn-

°p-∂X
- v. t_m[-Øns‚ A\p-kyq-Xa
- mb {]hmlw a™n¬ ]e-bn-SØpw ImWmw.

aq∂m-asØ A[ym-b-Øn¬ Xs∂ c≠v t_m[-[m-c-Iƒ XpS¿®-bmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-

®n-cn-°p-∂p. BZy-tØ-Xn¬ hnae kz¥w IpSpw-_-sØ-°p-dn®v, amXm-]n-Xm-°-sf-

°p-dn®v, {Kma-sØ-°p-dn®v kvacn-°p-∂p. AXv [mc-bmbn {]h-ln-°p-∂-Xn-\n-S-bn¬

t_m´v¢-_ns‚ kao-]Øv A¬°m-tlm-´-ens‚ FXn¿h-i-Ømbn XSm-I-Øn-te°v

sI´n-bn-d-°nb aWvU-]-Øn-en-cp∂v {Kma-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Hm¿a-Iƒ kp[o¿Ip-am¿

an{i-bp-ambn ]¶p-sh-®Xv Hm¿°p-∂p. c≠m-asØ t_m[-[mc an{i-bp-ambn Nne-

h-gn® kpJ-Z-\n-an-j-ßsf Ab-hn-d-°-em-Ip-∂p. an{i t]mb-tXmsS hna-e-bpsS

At_m-[-a-\ v ASn-®-a¿Ø-s∏´ hnIm-c-ß-fp-sSbpw taml-ß-fp-sSbpw Hm¿Ω-I-

fp-sSbpw Ie-hd
- b
- mbn amdn. hna-eb
- psS B¥-cn-IP
- o-hn-XØ
- n\p {]m[m\yw \¬Ip-

Ibpw _mly-Po-hn-XsØ AXns‚ `mK-ambn Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-t∏mƒ

a™v hna-e-bp-sS-am{Xw IY-bmbn amdn.

hfsc Ipd®p kw`-h-߃ am{Xta a™ns‚ CXn-hr-Ø-Øn-ep-≈q. Hm¿a-

I-fmWv Gdnb ]¶pw. Ah-bm-Is´ t_m[-{]-hm-l-co-Xn-bn-emWv Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-´p-

≈-Xv. t_m¿Unw-Knse At¥-hm-kn-bmb civan hmPvt]-bn-bpsS Ah-[n-°m-e-bm-

{X, k©mcn-I-fpsS hc-hv, hna-e-bpsS A—s‚ acWw F∂n-h-bmWv Cu t\mh-

ense {][m\ kw`-h-߃. F∂m¬ Ch-bvs°m-∂n\pw t\mh-enÃv {]m[m\yw

\¬Ip-∂n-√. Cu kw`-h-߃ {]Xo-I-ß-fpsS `mhw Dƒs°m-≠p-sIm≠v hna-e-

bpsS a\- n¬ Ne-\-߃ krjvSn-°pI am{X-amWv sNøp-∂-Xv. civan bm{X-tNm-

 149

Zn-°m-s\-Øn-b-t∏mƒ Ah-fp-sS-sbm∏w A]-cn-Nn-X-\mb Hcp bphm-hn-s\-I≠v hna-

ebpsS a\ v `qX-Im-e-Øn-te°p ]mbp-∂p. civan-bpsS IÆnse Xnf°w Ahn-

kvac
- W
- o-ba
- mb Hcp cm{Xn Xc-s∏-Sp-Øn-sb-Sp-°p-∂X
- ns‚ apt∂m-Sn-bm-sW∂v hnae
hf-sc-thKw Xncn-®-dn-™p. B kw`hw kp[o¿Ip-am¿ an{i-bp-ambn ]¶p-sh®

\nan-jß
- f
- n-te°v hna-eb
- psS Nn¥sb sIms≠-Øn-°p-∂p. Hmtcm kw`-hß
- t- fmSpw

A\p-_-‘n®v hna-e-bpsS a\- n¬ t_m[-{]-hm-l-ß-fpsS Hcp then-tb‰w Xs∂

cq]w sIm≈p-∂p. ag-∏m-‰-I-sf-t∏mse Ah Db¿∂p-s]m-ßp-∂p. Aev]-k-a-b-

Øn-\Iw Ah C√m-Xm-Ip-∂p. t_m[-{]-hm-l-t\m-h-ep-I-fpsS kzX-xkn-≤-amb

Cusbm-c-\p-`-hw a™n¬ BZy¥w {]I-S-am-Wv.

kaq-lsØ ]›m-Ø-e-am°n \n¿Øn hy‡n-a-\- ns\ {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p∂

coXn-bmWv FwSn a™n¬ kzoI-cn-®-Xv. hy‡nsb hy‡n-bmbnam{Xw ImWp-∂,

hy‡n-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ `mK-t[bw \n¿W-bn-°p-∂Xv hy‡n-am-{X-am-sW∂ hnizm-

k-apƒs°m-≈p-∂-h-bmWv FwSn-bpsS t\mh-ep-Iƒ. ChnsS hy‡n-Po-hn-X-Øn\v

{]m[m\yw kn≤n-°p∂p F∂-√msX kmaq-ln-I-Po-hnXw A∏msS Xnc-kvIr-X-am-

Ip∂p F∂¿∞-an-√. hy‡n-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-ambn h¿Øn-°p∂ kaq-

l-Øns‚ kq£va-Nn{Xw a™n¬ Ahn-S-hn-sS-bmbn t\mh-enÃv hc-®n-Sp-∂p-≠v.

kaq-l-tØ-°mƒ {]m[m\yw hy‡n F∂ LS-I-Øn-\m-sW∂p am{Xw. ""kaq-l-

Øns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ hy‡n-Isf Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p∂

t\mh¬ Xntcm-[m\w sNbvXv ]Icw hy‡n-bpsS ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ kaq-lw

Nn{Xo-I-cn-°s∏Sp∂ t\mh¬ P∑w sIm≠-Xn-eq-sS t\mh-en¬ B[p-\n-IX IS-

∂p-h∂p''7. B[p-\n-I-X-bpsS `mK-amWv t_m[-[mcm kt¶-Xw.

hy‡n-bpsS at\m-hym-]m-c-ß-fmWv t_m[-[m-cm-t\m-h-en\p hnj-bw.

CXnse IYm-]m-{X-߃°v kaq-l-tØmSv bmsXmcp {]Xn-_-≤-X-bp-an-√. kmaq-

ln-I-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ km£m-Xv°-cn-°m-\m-hmØ kzIm-cy-tam-l-ß-fpsS ssiYneyw
 150

hy‡nsb A¥¿ap-J-\m-°p-∂p. kzbw ]n≥h-en-bm\pw Bfl-Zpx-J-ßsf Xmtem-

en®p Ign-bm\pw t{]cn-∏n-°p-∂p. a™nse IYm-]m-{X-ßfpw CXn¬\n∂v `n∂-a-

√. hy‡n-Iƒ kaq-lsØ Dt]-£n®v kz¥w A¥¿a-WvU-e-ßsf tXSn-b-Xns‚

^e-am-bmWv t_m[-[mcm t\mh-ep-Iƒ DS-se-Sp-Ø-Xv.

hy‡n-I-fpsS at\m-a-WvU-e-߃°p {]m[m\yw \¬In-b-Xn-\m¬ FwSn

kaq-l-Øns‚ Ne-\-\n-b-a-߃°v H´pw {]mapJyw Iev]n-®n-√. AXp-sIm-≠p-

Xs∂ kaq-lØ
- ns‚ ÿqe-amb Bhn-jv°m-cØ
- n\v {]k‡n \jvSs
- ∏-´p. t_m[-

]q¿Δw Ah Hgn-hm-°n-bn´v Nne kqN-\-I-fn-eqsS am{Xw ÿe-Im-e-ß-sf-°p-dn-

®p≈ hnhcw \¬Ip-∂p. a™n¬ hna-e-bpsS HutZym-KnI Pohn-XsØ°pdnt®m

t_m¿Unw-Kns‚ ]cn-k-c-sØ-°p-dnt®m hy‡-ambn hnh-cn-°p-∂n-√. t_m[-{]-hm-

l-Øn\nS-bn¬ Ahn-S-hn-sS-bmbn Nne kqN-\-Iƒ \¬Ip-∂-tX-bp-≈q. AXp-X-

s∂-bmWv a™ns‚ BJym-\-Øn\v at\m-lm-cnX \¬Ip-∂-Xv.

IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚ t_m[m-t_m-[-ßsf ka-\z-bn-∏n®p IY-]-d-bp-∂-Xn¬

\njv°¿j-bp≈ t\mh-en-ÃmWv FwSn. A\p-`-h-ssh-hn-[y-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬

kº-∂-sa∂p ]d-bm-\m-hn√ F¶nepw A\p-`-h-Xo-{h-X-bm¬ {it≤-b-amWv At±-

l-Øns‚ cN-\I
- ƒ. a™ns\ kw_-‘n®v Cu {]kvXm-h\ \qdp-iX
- a
- m\w tbmPn-

°p-∂p-≠v. hna-e-sb-t∏mse `·-{]-W-b-Øns‚ ih-a-©hpw t]dn-bn-cn-°p∂ IYm-

]m-{X-߃ At±-l-Øns‚ t\mh-ep-Isf hyXy-kvX-ßfm-°p∂p. Ah-cpsS am\-

kn-I-Xew i‡hpw Xo{h-hp-am-Wv. Ah¿ ]e-X-c-Øn¬ hyXy-kvXX ]pe¿Øp-

∂p. "ac-W-amWv Fs‚ hncp-∂p-Im-c≥' F∂p ]d-™p-sIm≠v arXnsb Nßm-Xn-

sb-t∏mse H∏w sIm≠p-\-S-°p∂ k¿Zm¿Pnbpw FwSn-bpsS anI® krjvSn-bmWv.

`mhn-bn¬ km£m-XvI-cn-t°≠ imco-cn-Im-h-ÿ-Iƒt]mepw kvarXn-]-Y-Øn-eqsS

At±lw Bhn-jv°-cn-°p-∂p. a™nse G‰hpw Ne-\-£-a-X-bp≈ IYm-]m-{X-

ambn At±-lsØ KWn-°mw. CØcw IYm-]m-{X-߃ BJym-\-Øn\v hfsc
 151

klm-b-I-am-Wv. _mly-tem-Ihpw B¥-cnItemIhpw XΩn-ep≈ G‰p-ap-´-ep-Iƒ

t_m[-{]-hm-l-ßsf krjvSn-°p-∂p.

a™n¬ Bhn-jv°-cn-®n-´p≈ t_m[-[m-c-Iƒ ]e kz`m-h-ap-≈-h-bm-Wv.

A\n-—m-]q¿Δw kw`-hn-°p∂ kvarXn-I-fmWv t_m[-[m-c-bn¬ Gdn-b-Iq-dpw.

Ahsb IqSmsX kzm`m-hn-I-ambn IS-∂p-h-cp∂ Hm¿a-I-fp-ap-≠v. GsX-¶nepw

Hcp h¿Ø-am-\I
- me kw`-htam _nw_tam hna-eb
- n¬ `qX-Ime kvac-Wb
- p-W¿Øp-

∂p. F∂m¬ B kvarXn \o≠p-\n¬°p-∂n-√. s]s´-∂p-Zn®v s]mSp-∂t\ AkvX-

an®v hf-sc-thKw h¿Ø-am-\-Im-em-h-ÿ-bn-te°v Xncn-®p-h-cp-∂p. BZy A[ym-b-

Ønse t_m[-[m-c-I-sf√mw CØ-c-Øn-ep-≈-h-bm-Wv. t\mh¬ Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xp-

Xs∂ Hcp t_m[-[m-c-bn-em-Wv. ""hmbn-°m-s\m-∂p-an-√. ssIbn¬ In´n-bXv Ae-

k-ambn adn®pt\m-°n... aSp-∏p-tXm-∂n. ]pkvXIw saØ-bn-en´v IÆ-S®p InS-

∂p.''8 s]s´∂v Ahƒ \ni-_vZ-X-sb-°p-dn®v Btem-Nn-°m≥ XpS-ßn. A[nIw

sshIm-sX-Xs∂ AI-se-sb-ßp-\nt∂m Noho-Sp-I-fpsS i_vZw tI´-t∏mƒ Hm¿a

AXn-te°v hgp-Xn-ho-gp-∂p. civan-bpsS hc-hmWv Cu Hm¿a-Iƒ°p hncm-a-an-Sp-∂-

Xv. AXv Ahsf `qX-Im-e-Øn¬ \n∂pw h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-Øn-te°v FØn-°p-

∂p. A[ym-]n-I, tlmì, hm¿U≥ F∂o \ne-I-fn-ep≈ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ß-sf-

°p-dn®v Nn¥n-°p-∂p. kz¥w `qX-Im-em-\p-`-h-ß-fmWv hna-esb h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-

Øn¬ ]nSn-®p-\n¿Øp-∂-Xv. \nan-j-߃°Iw ASpØ Nn¥m-{]-hm-l-Øn-te°v

hnae \oßp-∂p. Cu kvac-W-Iƒ A\n-—m-]q¿Δw kw`-hn-°p-∂-h-bm-Wv. AXp-

sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Cu t_m[-[m-c-Iƒ°v kzm`m-hn-I-X-bp-≠v. P\m-e-bn-eqsS ]pd-

tØ°p t\m°n-b hnae s]s´∂v Xm≥ Xma-kn-°p∂ apdn-sb-°p-dn®pw AXn¬

apºv Xma-kn-®n-cp∂hsc-°p-dn®pw Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn®pw Nn¥n-°p-∂p.

Ahn-sS-\n∂v AhfpsS Hm¿a-Iƒ `qX-Im-e-Øn-te°v ta™p-\-S-°p-∂p. F∂m¬

ae-tbm-c-Øns‚ a™n¬ s]mXn™ apJ-Om-b-Iƒ ho≠pw hna-esb h¿Ø-am-

 152

\-Øn-se-Øn-°p-∂p. CS-bv°nsS {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂ h¿Ø-am-\-Imet_m[-amWv

Cu t_m[-[m-c-Iƒ°v Xo{h-X-]-I-cp-∂-Xv.

Nn¥-I-fpsS kzX-{¥-ta-f\w (Free association of ideas) a™n¬ {]tbm-P-\-

s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. Nn¥-Iƒ H∂n¬\n∂v as‰m-∂n-te°v hgp-Xn-am-dp-∂-XmWv

CXns‚ kz`mhw. Noho-Sp-I-fpsS i_vZw hna-esb ]gb P¥p-imkv{X¢m p-I-

fn-te°v Iq´n-s°m-≠p-t]m-Ip-∂p. AXp-t]mse ss\\o-tZ-hn-bpsS t£{X-Ønse

aWn-sbm® kz¥w {Kma-Ønse Aº-e-tØbpw \m´nse CS-h-gn-I-tfbpw Hm¿Ωn-

∏n-°p-∂p. Hm¿Ω-Iƒ `qX-Im-e-Øn¬\n∂pw h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-Øn-te°pw Xncn®pw

\nc-¥cw k©-cn-°p-∂p.

H∂m-asØ A[ym-b-Øn¬ bm{X-tNm-Zn-s®-Ønb civan-bpsS Ihn-fp-I-fnse

XpSn∏pw IÆnse Akm-[m-c-W-amb Xnf-°hpw hna-esb `qX-Im-e-Øn-te°v Iq´n-

s°m-≠p-t]m-Ip-∂p. ]Xn-\m-dm-asØ hb- n¬ Xs‚ kv{XoXzw AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-

Sm≥ t]mIp∂p F∂p hnfn®p ]d-bp∂ IÆp-Iƒ hna-esb Xs‚ AkvXn-Xz-amb

ImØn-cn-∏n\v B[m-c-amb Hcp `qX-Im-e-kw-`-h-Øn-te°v FØn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬

ChnsS Hm¿-a-bpsS Cg-Iƒ s]m´n-t∏m-Ip-∂p. a‰p-]e t_m[-[m-c-Ifpw h¿Ø-am-

\-Ime kw`-h-ßfpw CXn-\n-S-bn¬ IS-∂p-h-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSv Ggm-asØ A[ym-b-

Øn-emWv s]m´n-t∏mb \qen-g-Iƒ tN¿Øp-sh®v t_m[-[mc ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-∂-Xv.

civan DW¿Øn-hn´ Nn¥-Iƒ hna-e-bpsS t_m[-X-e-Øn¬ Ne-\-߃ krjvSn-

®p. AXns‚ Xnc-bn-f°w ASpØ A[ym-b-Ønepw \ap°v A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂p.

XpS¿∂v civan-bpsS IØv hcp-tºmƒ hnae ho≠pw `qX-Im-e-Øn-te°v Iq∏p-

IpØn hogp-∂p. B IØv Ahsf apkm-hcn _w•m-hn¬ Xs‚ kv{XoXz-Øns‚

aqSp-]Sw Nn¥nb B Hcp \nan-j-Øns‚ Hm¿a-bn-te°v FØn-®p. Cu kvac-W-

Iƒ t_m[-{]-hm-lØ
- nse as‰mcp {]h-WX
- sb Ipdn-°p-∂p. A\¿K-fa
- mb Nn¥m-
[m-c-bm-Wn-Xv. Iqtd-t\-c-tØ°v `qX-Im-e-Øn¬ A`n-c-an-°m≥ \mbn-Isb t{]cn-
 153

∏n-°p-∂-h-bm-Wv Cu kvac-W-Iƒ. kp[o¿Ip-am¿ an{i-bp-ambn \S-Ønb BZy-

tØXpw Ah-km-\-tØ-Xp-amb thgvNsb t_m[-{]-hmlØns‚ AI-º-Sn-tbmsS

FwSn hfsc Imhym-flI

- a
- mbn Ah-Xc
- n-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. {]Xy-£k
- z-KX
- Ø
- ns‚ klm-
b-tØm-sS-bmWv FwSn CXv \n¿Δ-ln-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ""h´w hoin hnS-cp∂ Hmfß-

fpsS a[y-Øn¬ XmWp-t]mb I√ns‚ Ahy-‡-ÿm-\w-t]mse Htcm¿Ω am{X-ap-

≠v.''9 F∂ {]tbm-K-Øns‚ NmcpX {it≤-ba-- m-Wv. ""AS™ Pme-I-Øn-eqsS

AIØv Hfn-®p-I-S°p∂ shfn®w', "h¿j-߃°p-tijw IÆp-Xp-d∂-- -t∏mƒ....',

"BIm-i-s®-cp-hnse taL-°o-dp-t]mse', "Xmgvh-c-bnse Npg-en-°m-‰n¬ Btcm ]d-

Ønb sh≈-Øq-hm-e-t]m-se''10 XpS-ßnb h¿W\-I-fnse [z\ym-fl-IX t_m[-

[mcm t\mh-en\pam{Xw Ah-Im-i-s∏´ H∂m-Wv.

Nn¥-bpsS Cg-Iƒ tIm¿Øp Xcp-Ibpw sXm´-SpØ \nan-jw-Xs∂ AXv

s]m´n-s®-dn-bp-Ibpw sNøp∂ t_m[-[m-cm-bp-tS-Xmb cN\mIui-e-amWv FwSn

a™n¬ kzoI-cn-®-Xv. Nn¥-Iƒ cq]w-sIm-≈p∂ Ah-ÿ-bn¬Øs∂ Imcy-amb

am‰-߃ IqSmsX Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. `qX-Im-e-Øn¬ apßnbpw s]mßnbpw

Ae-bp∂ hna-e-bpsS a\- ns\ Xncn-®p-sIm-≠p-h-cp-∂Xv h¿Ø-am-\-Ime kw`-h-

ßfpw {]Xo-I-ß-fp-am-Wv. {][m-\-I-Ym-]m-{X-Øns‚ ho£-W-tIm-Wn¬ Dd-®p-\n-

∂p-sIm-≠p≈ Ime-{I-asØ ewLn-°p∂ BJym-\-coXn a™n\v \qX-\-`wKn

\¬Ip-∂p. tIhew "80' t]Pp-Iƒ am{X-ap≈ Cu t\mh-ense h¿Ø-am\Imew

H≥]Xv Znh-k-߃ am{X-am-Wv. Cu Npcp-ßnb Znh-k-ß-fnse Hm¿a-I-fp-tSbpw

kw`-h-ß-fp-tSbpw hnh-c-W-Øn-eqsS ap∏Xp h¿jsØ hna-e-bpsS Pohn-XsØ

AXns‚ F√m hni-Zmw-i-ß-tfm-Spw-IqSn ]I¿∂p-\¬Im≥ FwSnsb klm-bn-®Xv

t_m[-[mcm kt¶-X-am-Wv. Ahy-‡-amb Nn¥-Ifpw `mh-\-I-fp-amWv t_m[-a-\-

 ns\ \bn-°p-∂Xpw \nb-{¥n-°p-∂Xpw F∂n-cnt° ss\c-¥-cy-ap≈ Hcp {]ta-

b-ambn hmb-\-°m-c\v A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp∂p F∂-XmWv Cu t\mh-ens\ hyXy-kvX-

am-°p-∂-Xv.
 154

D]-t_m[ a\- nse kwL¿j-ßsf Nn{Xo-Ic

- n-°p-hm≥ ]cym-]vXa
- mb Hcp

kt¶Xw F∂ \ne-bn-emWv FwSn a™n¬ t_m[-[m-cm-coXn kzoI-cn-®X

- v. {]IrXn

Zriy-ß-fn¬t∏mepw am\p-jn-IXzw Is≠-Øm≥ {ian-®-XmWv Cu t\mh-ens‚

as‰mcp khn-ti-jX
- . hna-eb
- psS t_m[-[m-cb
- n¬ {]Ir-Xnbpw A¥-co-£hpw kPo-

h-ambn \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p. t_m[-{]-hm-l-߃s°√mw kzm`m-hn-IX ]I-cm≥

X∑qew Ign-™n-´p-≠v. cq]-`m-h-k-a-\zbw F∂ hnti-jWw a™n\v Gsd CW-

ßp-∂p. ImcWw FwSn-bpsS Bhn-jv°m-cs
- sien A¿∞-`m-hX
- e
- ß
- f
- p-ambn hfsc

X∑-bXzw {]m]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. {]ta-bhpw BJym-\hpw IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚ am\-kn-

Im-h-ÿbpw ]›m-Ø-e-hn-h-c-W-hp-sa√mw ebn®p tN¿∂n-´p≈ a™v `mhp-I-Xz-

Øns‚ ]pXnb Xe-߃ ]I¿∂p-X-cp-∂p. D]-cn-π-h-amb Hcp BJym-\-ssi-en-

b√ a™n-\p-≈-Xv. _mlyhpw B¥-cn-I-hp-amb LS-I-߃ CXn¬ \∂mbn

Cgp-In-t®¿∂n-´p-≠v. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Hmtcm hmb-\-bnepw a™v ]pXnb A\p-

`hw {]Zm\w sNøp-∂p.

t_m[-[mcmt\mh-ep-I-fn¬ hfsc {]m[m-\y-a¿ln-°p∂ H∂mWv BJym-

\-k-{º-Zm-bw. (Narration). IY ]d-bp-∂-co-Xn-bv°mWv BJym\w F∂p ]d-bp-

∂-Xv. BZn-a-[ym-¥-s∏m-cp-Ø-ap≈ IY BJym\w sNøp-tºmƒ AXn\v hy‡-

amb LS-\-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. IYm-]m-{X-k-¶-ev]-Ønepw {]ta-b-Øn-ep-ap-≠mb am‰-

߃ BJym-\c
- o-Xn-bnepw ka-{K-amb hyXn-bm-\ß
- ƒ hcp-Øn. t\mh-enÃv krjvSn-

°p∂ k¶-ev]t- em-IØ

- n\v XnI®pw A\p-tbm-Py-am-bn-cn-°Ww cN-\m-X{- ¥w. GsX-

¶nepw Hcp kt¶-X-Øns‚ k¶o¿W-X-I-fn¬ IpSp-ßn-°n-S-°msX {]ta-b-Øns‚

kz`m-h-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v hyXy-kvX-amb BJym-\-k-{º-Zm-b-߃ ]co-£n-°p-hm≥

t\mh-en-Ãn\p kzmX-{¥y-ap-≠v. a™ns‚ cN-\m-in-ev]-Øn\v t_m[-{]-hm-l-coXn

kzoI-cn-°p-hm≥ FwSnsb t{]cn-∏n-®Xpw CXp-X-s∂-bm-Wv. {]k-∂hpw `mh-kw-

th-Z\ £a-hp-amWv At±-l-Øns‚ BJym-\-ssi-en.
 155

IYm-]m-{X-ßf
- psS hy‡n-XzsØt∏mepw kzm[o-\n-°p-hm≥ t_m[-{]-hml

kt¶-X-Øn\v Ign-bpw. _mly-tem-IsØ Ah-K-Wn®v X∂n-te-°p-Xs∂ Npcp-

ßp∂ IYm-]m-{X-߃°v Cu BJym-\X

- {¥w hfsc angn-th-Ip-∂p. kz¥w {]iv\-

ßsf hni-I-e\w sNømt\m a‰p-≈-h-tcmSv hni-Zo-I-cn-°mt\m Xøm-dm-Im-Ø,

t_m[-[m-c-bn¬ am{Xw Pohn-°m≥ B{K-ln-°p∂ hna-e-sb-t∏m-ep≈ IYm-]m-{X-

ß-fpsS hy‡nXzw ad-\o°n ]pd-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-cm≥ Cu kt¶-X-Øn\v km[n-®p.

""Bh¿Øn-®p≈ hmb-\-bn¬ a™nse ad-™n-cn-°p∂ A¿∞-X-e-߃ kv^pS-

X-c-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p-sh∂v''11 sI.-]n. A∏≥ A`n{]mb-s∏-Sp-∂p.

Cta-Pp-I-fn-eq-sSbpw t_m[-[m-c-bn-eq-tSbpw ka-kvXhpw Bhn-jv°-cn-°p-

I-bmWv t_m[-[m-cm-co-Xn-bpsS Hcp khn-ti-jX

- . AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Htc A[ym-

b-Øn¬Øs∂ H∂n-e-[nIw t_m[-[m-c-Iƒ IS-∂p-h-cmw. bp‡n-]-c-amb hmZ-

ßtfm ]q¿Δm-]-c-_-‘-ap≈ h¿W-\-Itfm A√ Cu {]hm-l-ßsf Iq´n-bn-W-

°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ Bi-b-_-‘-Øn-t‚-Xmb Hcp NcSv Ch-bv°n-S-bn¬ \ne-

\n¿Øm≥ t\mh-enÃv t_m[-]q¿Δw {ian-°pw. AXp-X-s∂-bmWv {][m\ IYm-

X-¥p. apJy-I-Ym-]m-{X-Øns‚ a\- n¬ DZn-®p-b-cp∂ Bi-b-ß-fpsS Bhn-jv°-

c-W-Øn-eqsS CXn-hrØw hnI-kn-°p-∂p. X∑qew t_m[-{]-hm-l-Øn¬ inYn-e-

Nn-¥-Ifpw IS-∂p-h-cmw. a™n¬ CØcw kvarXn[mc-Iƒ [mcmfw D≠v.

BZysØ A[ym-b-Øn¬ Noho-Sp-I-fpsS i_vZw tI´ hnae Ah-bpsS P¥p-im-

kv{X-]-c-amb h¿Ko-I-c-W-sØ-°p-dn®v Hm¿sØ-Sp-°m≥ {ian®p ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.

s]s´∂p Xs∂ B Nn¥-bpsS \nc¿∞-I-X-sb-°p-dn®v Hm¿Øn´v h¿Ø-am-\-Im-

e-Øn-te°v aS-ßp-∂p. "sht°-j\v' F∂mWv So®¿Pn \m´n-te°v t]mIp-∂Xv'

F∂ civan-bpsS tNmZyw. hna-esb Hm¿Ω-bpsS as‰mcp Xe-Øn-te°v sIm≠p-

t]m-Ip-∂p. \msf-I-fp-tSbpw C∂-se-I-fp-tSbpw \Sp-hn¬ Hgn-hp-Imew sImgn-

™p-t]m-Ip-∂Xv Ahƒ Hm¿°p-∂p. inYn-es

- a-¶nepw {]k-‡a
- mb CØcw kvarXn-
 156

Isf hfsc hnZ-Kv≤-ambn tIm¿Øn-W-°n-bmWv FwSn Cu t\mh¬ cNn-®n-cn-°p-

∂-Xv. hna-e-bpsS a\ v ]e-L-´-ß-fnepw t_m[-{]-hm-l-Øn-te°v hgp-Xn-ho-gp-

∂p. CXn-hr-Ø-Øn\v ka-{KX \¬Im≥ Ah klm-bn-°p-∂p.

BJym-\-Øn¬ \nc-h[n khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ k∂n-th-in-∏n-°m-hp∂ H∂mWv

t\mh¬. hnj-b-Øn-t‚bpw `mh-Øn-t‚bpw cN-\m-X-{¥-Øn-t‚bpw `mj-bp-tSbpw

]m{X-kr-jvSn-bp-tSbpw Imcy-Øn¬ Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥ \S-Øp∂ sXc-s™-Sp-∏mWv

t\mh-en\v ]pXp-a-Iƒ {]Zm\w sNøp-∂-Xv. BJym\X{¥-ß-fnse sshhn-[y-

߃ Is≠-Øm≥ t\mh-en-Ãn\v {]tNm-Z-\-ta-Ip-∂Xpw Cu At\z-j-W-am-Wv.

t\mh-ens‚ inev]-Øn\v A\p-tbm-Py-amb Xc-Øn¬ Ah-X-c-W-Øn¬ {i≤-bq-

∂nbpw {]ta-b-Øn¬ Nne am‰-߃ hcp-Øn-bp-amWv FwSn a™n\v ]pXpa t\Sn-

s°m-Sp-Ø-Xv. kz]v\m-S-\-Øn\p kam-\-amb \nan-j-߃, Pzc-hn-{`m-¥n-Ifpw hne-

£W kz]v\-ßfpw tN¿∂ A¥-co£w, cq]I Iev]-\-Iƒ F∂nh Cu t\mh-

ens‚ BJym-\-Øn\v km{μX ]I-cp-∂p. t\mh-en¬ BJym-\-X-{¥-Øn-\p≈

kp{]-[m-\-ÿm-\-sØ-°p-dn®v a™v Hm¿a-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

BJym-\-X-{¥-Øns‚ hnIm-k-]-cn-Wma Ncn-{X-Ønse Hcp {]tXy-I-L-´-

sØ-bmWv t_m[-[mc {]Xn-\n-[m\w sNøp-∂-Xv. AXns\ hfsc ka¿∞-amb

coXn-bn¬ t\mh-en-te°v Bhm-ln-°pIbmWv FwSn sNbvXX

- v. t_m[-[mcm t\mh-

ep-I-fpsS ka-{K-X, kwKo-Xm-fl-I-X, hnIm-c-Xo-{h-X, Ime-Z¿i-\w, HmP v F∂n-

h-sb√mw a™n¬ ka-⁄-k-ambn ktΩ-fn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. A\p-`-h-ß-fp-tSbpw

kvarXn-I-fp-tSbpw kw`-h-hn-h-c-W-ß-fp-tSbpw t_m[-[m-c-bp-tSbpw Nn´-bmb {Iao-

I-c-W-amWv CXns‚ khn-ti-j-X-I-fn¬ as‰m-∂v. a™ns‚ BJym-\-coXn ]cn-

tim-[n-®m¬ at\m-hym-]m-c-ßsf ]I¿Øp-∂-Xn¬ FwSn AXo-h-Pm-{KX ]pe¿Øn-

bn-´p-s≠∂p ImWmw.
 157

XnI®pw hyXy-kvXamb Hcp t_m[-tem-I-amWv FwSn a™n¬ Bhn-jv°-

cn-®-Xv. hna-e-bpsS am\-kn-I-X-ehpw _mly-tem-I-Øns‚ Xehpw XΩn-ep≈
G‰p-ap-´-emWv AXn\v ASn-ÿm-\w. t_m[-Øns‚ ]e-X-e-߃ hnS¿Øn-°m-
Wn-°p∂ Hcp Iem-X-{¥-amWv a™ns‚ inev]-I-e-bpsS {]tXy-I-X. \nan-j-
߃tXmdpw hna-e-bv°p-≠m-Ip∂ B¥-cn-Ihpw _mly-hp-amb kIe A\p-`-h-
ß-fp-tSbpw BsI-Øp-I-bmWv Chn-SpsØ t_m[w. t{^mbn-Uns‚ a\x-im-kv{X-
kn-≤m-¥-ßsf D]-Po-hn®v cq]w-sIm≠ t_m[-[mcm kt¶-X-Øn¬ C±v, CutKm,
kq∏¿ CutKm XpS-ßnb aq∂p-X-e-ß-tfbpw Dƒs°m-≈n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. hnIm-c-
ßsf AS-°n-\n¿Øm≥ C±v {ian-°p-∂p. kq∏¿ CutKm BI-s´, ka-Xp-en-Xm-h-
ÿsb {]m]n-°m≥ hnk-Ω-Xn-°p-∂p. Hm¿a-I-tfbpw kz]v\-ß-tfbpw {`am-flI
Iev]-\-I-tf-bp-sa√mw CXn-s‚-b-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hni-I-e\w sNømw. a™n¬
Ch-sb√mw \ap°v Z¿in-°m-\m-Ipw. hnae ImWp∂ kz]v\-ß-fn-eqsS Ah-fpsS
a\- n¬ ab-ßn-°n-S-°p∂ Pohn-X-`bhpw ac-W-hm-k-\bpw t\mh-enÃv t_m[-
[m-c-bn-eqsS {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂p. aq∂p XcØnemWv FwSn hna-e-bpsS am\-kn-
Im-]-{K-Y\w \n¿Δ-ln-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. CX-c-I-Ym-]m-{X-ß-fp-am-bp≈ kw`m-j-W-ß-
fn-eq-sSbpw kz]v\h
- ym-Jym-\ß
- f
- n-eqsSbpw A¿∞-K¿`-ßf
- mb au\-ßf
- n-eqsSbpw
BWv CXn-hrØw A\m-h-cWw sNø-s∏-S-p∂-Xv.

k¿Zm¿Pn, Aa¿knwKv, _p±p F∂o IYm-]m-{X-ß-fp-ambn hna-ebv°v

A\n¿h-N-\o-b-amb Hcp sshIm-cn-I-_-‘-am-Wp-≈-Xv. AXv hfsc Bg-Øn-ep≈
H∂mWv ˛ _mly-ambn Aßs\ A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂n-s√-¶n-epw. Ch-tcm-sSms°
kwh-Zn-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS hna-e-bpsS a\- ns‚ teme-X-¥p-°ƒ IqSp-X¬ hy‡-am-
Ip-∂p. {]kvXpX kwkm-c-th-f-Iƒt]mepw FwSn hfsc Iem-]-c-am-bn-´mWv kwhn-
[m\w sNbvXn-´p-≈Xv. Npcp-ßnb hm°p-Itf hnae ]d-bp-∂p-≈p. F¶nepw
[z\ym-fl-I-amWv Ah. `mh-ß-fm-I-s´, NSp-e-ß-fp-am-Wv. HuNn-Xy-Øn\p \nc-
°mØ H∂pw-Xs∂ Chn-sS-bn-√. hna-e-bpsS IYm-]m-{X-kr-jvSn-bn¬ FwSn A{X-
 158

tbsd kq£vaX ]men-®n-´p-≠v. kw`m-j-W-߃°p ]pdta kz]v\-hym-Jym-\-ß-

fn-eq-sSbpw am\-kn-Im-]-{K-Y\w km[y-amWv F∂v a™v km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

"Ifn-h≈w h´w-Np‰n Xmtgm´p t]mIp-∂-Xmbn' hna-ebv°v A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂p.

kz]v\-Øn-te°v hgpXn-ho-gp-∂-XmWv t\mh-enÃv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. "Dd-°-a-√,

Ah-km-\n-°mØ Bg-Øn-te°v hoWp-t]m-hp-I-bm-sW∂ tXm∂¬...'12 ""a™v

hoWv F√mw ImWm-Xm-hp-∂p. Hmf-߃, \\pØ Hmf-߃ HmSn-\S- °

- p-∂p... HgpIn
\S-°p-I-bmWv.''13 IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚ am\-kn-Im-]-{K-Y-\Øn\v hgn-sbm-cp-°p-I-

bmWv Ch-sb-√mw. hna-e-bpsS kz]v\-hn-h-c-W-߃ Gdn-b-]¶pw IS-∂p-h-cp-∂Xv

]mXn-a-b-°-Øn-em-Wv. km[m-c-W-bp-‡n°v IS-∂p-sN-√m≥ Ign-bmØ am\-kn-I-

`m-h-ß-fmWv ChnsS Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. {`a-I-ev]-\-I-fn-eq-sSbpw kz]v\-

ß-fn-eq-sSbpw bp‡n-cl
- n-XN
- n-¥I
- f
- n-eq-sSbpw a\- ns‚ AKm-[X
- e
- ß
- f
- psS Bgw

Is≠Øn hy‡n-a-\- ns‚ kz`mhw Bcm-bp-I-bmWv t\mh-enÃv ChnsS sNøp-

∂-Xv.

kw`m-j-Wßtf°mfpw kz]v\-hym-Jym-\-ß-tf-°mfpw ^e-{]-Z-amb Hcp

am\-kn-Im-]-{K-Y\ D]m-[n-bmbn FwSn A¿∞-K¿`-ß-fmb au\-ßsf ImWp-∂p.

au\-Øn-eqsS, ]d-bm-\m-hmØ hm°p-I-fn-eqsS a\- ns‚ `mh-t`-Z-߃ t\mh-

enÃv ka¿∞-ambn Nn{Xo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv a™n¬ Is≠-Ømw. CØcw \nan-

j-߃ Cu t\mh-en¬ [mcm-f-ap-≠v. civan-hm-Pvt]bn bm{X-]-d-bm≥ h∂-t∏mgpw

_p±p-hn-s\m∏w tXmWn-bn¬ bm{X-sN-bvX-t∏mgpw au\-Øn¬ s]mXn™ \nan-j-

߃ ImWmw. Aa¿knw-Kns‚ tNmZy-ß-tfmSpw k¿Zm¿Pn-bpsS Ipdn-°p-sIm-

≈p∂ ]cm-a¿i-ß-tfmSpw hnae {]Xn-I-cn-°p-∂Xv au\-Øn¬ s]mXn™ `mj-

bn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. ChnsS au\w F∂Xv kwkm-cn-°mØ Ah-ÿ-b-√. Hcp-]mSp

Imcy-߃ a\- n¬ Cc-ºp-tºmgpw Ah ]pdØp ImWn-°m-Xn-cn-°emWv AXv.

Cu au\sØ ]n¥p-S¿∂p-sIm≠v hna-e-bpsS kvac-W-Ifpw `mh-\-Ifpw XpS¿®-
 159

bmb B¥-cn-I-`m-j-W-ßfpw FwSn Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. IqSmsX IYm-]m-{X-

ß-fpsS {]Xo-Im-fl-I-amb {]hr-Øn-I-fn-eq-sSbpw {]Xn-I-c-W-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw Ah-

cpsS a\- nse ad-™n-cn-°p∂ hnIm-ch

- n-Nm-cß
- ƒ shfn-®Øp sIm≠p-hc
- nI F∂
X{¥hpw a™n¬ FwSn kzoI-cn-®n-´p-≠v.

IYm-]m-{X-ß-fpsS D]-t_m-[-a-\- ns‚ Bg-ß-fn-te°v Cd-ßn-s®∂v Pohn-

XsØ AXns‚ bYm¿∞ cq]-Øn¬Øs∂ Npcpƒ \nh¿Øn-°m-Wn-°m-\mWv

t_m[-[mcmt\mh-enÃv {ian-°p-∂-Xv. Hu]-Nm-cn-I-ambn IY-]-d-bpI F∂ coXn

amdn a\- n¬°qSn [mcm-hm-ln-bmbn {]h-ln-°p∂ t_m[-k-aq-l-Øns‚ hni-Zo-

I-c-Whpw Kth-j-W-hp-ambn t\mh¬ cq]w-am-dn. a™n¬ CXv hfsc hy‡-

ambn {]Xn-^-en-°p-∂p-≠v. _mly-_nw-_-ßfpw ˛ XSm-Iw, tXmWnbm{X, \K-cw,

NmbwtX® hnf-°p-Im-ep-Iƒ, a™v, t_m´v ˛ B¥-cnI `mh-ßfpw ˛ ImØn-cn-∏v,

\n›-e-X, ac-Ww, Hm¿a, bm{X, shdp-∏v, Dd-°w, Ae-k-X, \nkw-KX ˛ IqSn-°p-g-

bp∂ a™ns‚ BJym-\Ø
- n¬ ]q¿Δm-]c
- _
- ‘w ]men-°m≥ t\mh-en-Ãn\p km[n-

®n-´n-√. Fs¥-∂m¬ AXp-X-s∂-bmWv t_m[-[m-c-bpsS cN-\m-X-{¥-hpw. \nan-j-

߃tXmdpw ]cn-W-an-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ hna-e-bpsS t_m[-Xew a™n¬ Cg-hn-

S¿Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. G‰hpw henb khn-ti-jX ChnsS t_m[w kpXm-cy-amWv

F∂-Xm-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ hmb-\-°m-c\v IYm-]m-{X-hp-ambn t\cn´v kwh-

Zn-°m≥ km[n-°p-∂p. t_m[-[mcmkt¶-XØ
- ns‚ am{Xw {]tXy-IX
- b
- mbn CXns\

IW-°m-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

hna-e-bpsS hnjm-Z-aq-Ihpw AtX-k-abw {]Xo-£m-\n¿`-c-hp-amb am\-knI

{]]-©sØ hywKy-he
- v°c
- n-°m≥ _mly_nw_-ßfpw B¥-cnI `mh-ßfpw Gsd

klm-bn-°p-∂p-≠v. t_m[-[mcm t\mh-ep-I-fn¬ `uXn-I-bm-Ym¿∞y-߃ hnh-cn-

°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv AwKo-Ir-X-co-Xn-Iƒ A\p-k-cn®psIm-≠-√. a\p-jys‚ t_m[-a-

WvU-e-Ønse s]mcp-Ø-t°-Sp-Isf NqjWw sNbvXv kw`-h-hn-h-c-Wß-fpsS cq]-
 160

Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I-bmWv t_m[-[m-cm-co-Xn-bpsS kmam-\y-kz-`m-hw. hna-e-

bpsS am\-kn-I-kw-L¿j-ßsf {]Xy-£-h-ev°-cn-°p∂Xn\v Hm¿a-Ifpw kz]v\-

ß-fp-sa√mw klm-bn-°p-∂p. h¿Ø-am-\-Im-em-\p-`-hß-fpsS CS-bn-te°v `qX-Im-

em-\p-`-h-߃ Ib-dn-h-cp-∂p. "\Kcw DSp-sØm-cpßn' F∂ {]tbm-K-Øn¬

"a‰m¿t°m th≠n' F∂ [z\n-bp-≠v. ]pd-tØ°p t\m°p∂ hnae ImWp-∂Xv

Nmbw-tX® hnf°p Imep-I-fm-Wv. ChnsS \K-chpw ImØn-cn-°p-I-bmWv kok¨

hcp-∂-Xn-\m-bn. hna-ebpw _p±phpw ImØn-cn-°p-∂Xv X\nbv°v {]nb-s∏-´-h-sc-

bm-Wv. hna-e-bpsS hy‡n-Xz-Øns‚ hnti-j-W-ß-fmbn \ap°v Is≠-Øm-hp-

∂Xv Ae-k-X, aSp-∏v, au\w, GIm-¥-X, \jvS-t_m[w XpS-ßn-b-h-bm-Wv. IYm-

]m-{X-Øns‚ s]cp-am-‰ßfnse√mw Cu B¥-cn-I`

- m-hß
- ƒ \ng-en-°p-∂p-≠v. Xs‚

apdn-bn¬ X\n-®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ hmbn-°m-\mbn Hcp ]pkvXIw ssIbnseSpØ hnae

s]s´∂v AXv ths≠-∂v shbv°p-∂p. "\me©p thf -hm-bn®p aSp-∏p-tXm-∂n,

]pkvXIw saØ-bn-en´p IÆ-S®p InS∂p' F∂ ]cm-a¿iØn¬ IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚

am\-kn-Im-hÿ {]Xn-^-en-°p-∂p.

a™nse t_m[-Xew XnI®pw hyXy-kvX-am-Wv. B¥-cn-I-tem-I-Øn¬

Ign-bm≥ am{Xw Xmev]-cy-s∏-Sp∂ hna-ebv°v ]e-t∏mgpw _mly-tem-I-hp-ambn

G‰p-ap-t´-≠n-h-cp-∂p. AXns‚ {]Xn-^-e-\-amWv Ah-fpsS Nn¥-Ifpw Ahƒ

ImWp∂ kz]v\-ß-fpw. a\- n¬ ab-ßn-°n-S-°p∂ Pohn-Xm-k-‡nbpw Pohn-X-Zp-

c-¥-ßfpw CXn\v Imc-W-ambn h¿Øn-°p-∂p. hna-e-bpsS a\- ns‚ AKm-[-X-e-

ßsf hmb-\-°m¿°p ImWn®p Xcp-I-bmWv FwSn sNbvX-Xv. km[m-cW

bp‡nbv°p IS-∂p-sN-√m≥ Ign-bmØ Xc-Øn-ep≈ \nc-h[n s]mcp-Ø-t°-Sp-

Iƒ \nd-™-XmWv hna-e-bpsS at\m-a-WvUew. ]d-bmØ hm°p-I-fn-eqsS a\-

 ns‚ `mh-t`-Z-߃ hc-®p-Im-´m≥ FwSn {ian-°p-∂p-≠v. k¿Zm¿Pn-bp-am-bp≈

kwkm-c-th-f-I-fn¬ ]e-t∏mgpw hnae kzoI-cn-°p∂ A¿∞-K¿`-amb au\w B¥-

 161

cn-Ia
- W
- vUe
- s
- ØbmWv shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂X
- v. t_m[-[m-cb
- psS kmt¶-Xn-Ihi߃

hfsc DNn-X-ambn ka-\z-bn-∏n®p-sIm-≠mWv FwSn a™ns‚ inev]-L-S\ Nn´-

s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. IYm-]m-{X-ß-fpsS Bfl-hn-i-I-e-\-Øn-\p≈ D]m-[n-bmb

Bfl-K-X-ß-sfbpw kzK-X-ß-sfbpw kt¶-X-Øns‚ `mKw F∂ \ne-bn¬ t\mh-

enÃv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v.

a™nse _nw_-k-ar-≤-amb `mj

hy‡n-bpsS GIm-¥-s\m-º-c-ß-tfbpw BIp-e-X-I-tfbpw _nw_-I-ev]-\-

bpsS klm-b-tØmsS `mjm-X-e-Øn¬ Bhn-jv°-cn-°m≥ {ian-°p-tºm-gmWv

t\mh¬ `mj -Im-hym-fl-I-am-Ip-∂-Xv. t_m[-[mcm t\mh-ep-I-fnse `mj khn-

ti-j-X-I-fp-≈-Xm-Wv. `mj-bpsS k¿Km-flI Ign-hp-Iƒ Is≠Øn AXns\ Ne-

\m-fl-I-am°n hm°p-Iƒ°v A¿∞-hym-]vXn-\¬In-bXv FwSn-bpsS Xe-ap-d-bm-Wv.

`mjbv°v hnNm-c-ß-fpsS am{X-a√ hnIm-c-ß-fp-tSbpw Hcp Xe-ap-s≠∂v At±lw

Is≠-Øn. AXv t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ t\mh-emWv a™v.

hnIm-cm¿{Z-amWv FwSn-bpsS `mj. a™n¬ hnImcw hnNm-c-hp-ambn

Aen™p tN¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ Hcn-°epw AXv hnIm-c-ta-Zp-ctam Ae-¶mc

i_-ftam BIp-∂p-an-√. as‰mcp am[y-a-Øns‚ klm-bhpw IqSmsX t\cn´v AXv

a\- ns‚ D≈dIfn-te°p IS-°p-∂p. FwSn-bpsS BJym\ ssien-bn¬ `mjbv°v

{]ap-J-ÿm-\-am-Wp-≈-Xv. HXp-°w, GI-Xm-\-X, kzIm-cy-`m-hw, hiy-i-‡n, Bfl-

\n-th-Z\w F∂nh a™nse `mj-bpsS FSp-Øp-]-d-tb≠ khn-ti-j-X-I-fm-Wv.

a\- ns‚ A¿≤-kp-Xm-cy-amb Bh-cW
- ß
- sf hfsc Iem-]c
- ambn IS-em-kn-te°v

]I¿Øn-b-Xns‚ km£y-]-{X-amWv Cu t\mh¬. hnIm-c-_-‘p-c-amb Pohn-Xm-

hn-jv°m-c-Øn\v hnIm-c-hm-ln-bmb Hcp Imhy-`mj Bh-iy-am-Wv. a\p-jy-a-\-

 ns‚ \nKq-Va
- mb A¥¿t{]-cW
- I
- sf hm°p-If
- m¬ H∏n-sb-Sp-°p-Ib
- mWv t_m[-

[mcm t\mh-en-Ãp-Iƒ sNøp-∂-Xv. a\- ns‚ G‰hpw D]-cn-bm-bn-´p≈ Xe-amWv

 162

t_m[-a-\- v. a\- ns‚ AKm-[-Xew At_m-[-a-\ v F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. CXns‚

ta¬ bp‡nbv°v bmsXmcp ÿm\-hp-an-√. AXp-sIm-≠mWv t_m[-[m-c-bn¬ Ncn-

°p∂ IYm-]m-{X-ß-fpsS hnNm-c-ßsf hm°p-I-fn-eqsS Bhn-jv°-cn-t°≠n hcp-

tºmƒ t\mh-enÃv _nw_-ß-fpsS klmbw tXSp-∂-Xv. IYm-]m-{X-ß-fpsS hnIm-

c-hn-Nm-c-ßsf {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°m≥ Zriy-_nw-_-߃°p am{Xta Ign-bq.

AS-°m-\m-hmØ B¥-cnI tNmZ-\I

- sf hm°p-If
- n-eqsS {]Xn-^e
- n-∏n-°p∂
t\mh-enÃv bYm¿∞-Øn¬ sNøp-∂Xv am\-kn-Im-]-{K-Y\w Xs∂-bm-Wv. ChnsS

hm°p-Iƒ t\cnb h¿W-\q-ep-I-fm-Wv. H∂v Aa¿Øn-∏n-Sn-®m¬ s]m´n-t∏m-Ip-∂-

h. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ t_m[-[mcm t\mh-enÃn\v hm°p-Isf hfsc kq£va-X-

tbmsS ssIImcyw sNtø-≠Xp≠v. a™n¬ Cu sshZKv≤yw hfsc {]I-S-ambn

ImWmw. ]nXm-hns‚ ac-W-hm¿Ø-b-dn™v \nkw-K-bmbn \n∂ hna-e-tbmSv

k¿Zm¿Pn kwkm-cn-°p∂ cwKw CXn-\p-Zm-l-c-W-am-Wv. ]tcm-£-kz-K-X-Øns‚

coXn-bn-emWv CXv Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv. ""BcmWv So®¿Pn, hncp-∂v.....?''

Ahƒ°p a\- n-em-bn-√. ""Nu°n-Zm¿ {S¶vImƒ hs∂∂p ]d-™p..... BcmWv

hncp∂v...?'' ""ac-Ww.... ac-W-am-sWs‚ hncp-∂p-Im-c≥....'' D®-Øn¬ B¿Øp-hn-fn-

°m≥ tXm∂n. ""Bcpw h∂n-√..... t]mb-XmWv Fs‚ A—≥....''14 hm°p-I-fpsS

{i≤m-]q¿Δ-ap≈ Xnc-s™-Sp∏v Cu kμ¿`-Øn\v Gsd A\p-tbm-Py-am-bn-cn-°p-

∂p. Cu cwK-Øn¬ am{X-a-√, t\mh-en-ep-S-\ofw hnae hmNm-e-bm-Ip-∂-tX-bn-√.

an{i-bp-ambpw k¿Zm¿Pn-bp-ambpw Aa¿knw-Kp-am-bp-sams° kwkm-cn-°p-tºmƒ

anX-am-bn-am-{Xta hnae hm°p-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-≈q. CXv IYm-]m-{X-kr-jvSn-

bpsS khn-ti-jX am{X-a√ t_m[-[mcm kt¶-X-Øns‚ s]mXp kz`m-h-am-Wv.

Hcp `mh-Km-\Ø
- n-se-∂t- ]mse at\m-`m-hß
- sf hyRvPn-∏n-°p-∂X
- mWv FwSn-

bpsS {]Xn-]m-Z\
- c
- o-Xn. Hmtcm hy‡n-bp-tSbpw am\-kn-I`
- m-hß
- ƒ sshhn-[y-am¿∂-
h-bm-Wv. Xncn-®-dn-b-s∏-Sm-sXbpw AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sm-sXbpw t]mIp∂ hy‡n-Xz-
 163

ß-fpsS Bfl-hn-lz-e-X-I-fmWv FwSn a™n¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®-Xv. Cu s\mº-c-

߃°v GXn-tc-bp≈ Iem]w F∂ \ne-bn¬ hy‡n-a\

-  v Ahn-th-Iß
- f
- n-te°pw

k¶o¿W-X-I-fn-te°pw FSpØp NmSp-∂p. CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ a\- ns‚ kq£va-

Nn-{Xo-I-cWw Bh-iy-ambn h∂-t∏mƒ `mj-bnepw LS-\-bnepw Nne hyXn-bm-\-

߃ D≠m-bn. t_m[-[mcm t\mh-ep-I-fnse `mj khn-ti-j-X-bm¿÷n-°p-∂-

Xn\p ImcWw CXm-Wv. \ne-hn-ep≈ `mjm-co-Xn-I-tfbpw \nb-a-ß-tfbpw A{]-

k-‡-am-°n-s°m≠v kzK-Xw, Bfl-K-Xw, \mS-Iob kzK-Xm-Jym-\w, A¿∞-K¿`-

amb au\w XpS-ßnbhbn-eqsS `mj [z\n-{]-[m-\-am-bn. a™ns‚ inev]-`wKn

Gsd {]Io¿Øn-°-s∏-´Xv X∑q-e-am-Wv. Cu t\mh-en¬ ""`mj am[yaw F∂

\ne-bn¬\n∂v D]-I-c-Ww F∂- \nebn-te-°p-b¿∂p. Nn¥sb \n¿W-bn-°p-∂-

Xp-Xs∂ `mj-bmWv F∂ hnizm-k-w {]_-e-am-b-XmWv AXns‚ ]›m-Ø-ew.

`mj IqSp-X¬ _nw_m-fl-Ihpw {]Xo-Im-fl-I-hp-am-bn-Øo¿∂Xpw D]-cn-X-e-bp-

‡nsb \ncm-I-cn-®Xpw CXp-sIm-≠m-Wv. `mj Be-¶m-cn-I-X-bn¬\n∂v hyRvP-

\m-fl-I-X-bn-te°p hnI-kn-®p. anØp-I-fpsS kqN\, ^m‚-kn-bp-sSbpw Ceyq-j-

\p-If
- p-sSbpw Ah-Xc
- Ww, t_m[[mcm-hn-jv°mcw F∂n-hI
- s
- f-s°m≠v `mj IqSp-
X¬ km{μhpw k¶o¿W-hp-am-bn-Øo¿∂p.''15

`mjbpw `mhhpw XΩn-ep≈ CW°w AXns‚ Zo]vX-amb Ah-ÿ-bn¬

FØnb IrXn-bmWv a™v. A]q¿W-amb hm°p-I-fn-eqsS A\p-`-h-ß-tfbpw `mh-

ß-tfbpw ]q¿W-`w-Kn-tbmsS Bhn-jv°-cn-°m≥ {ian-°p-tºmƒ `mjbv°v ]pXn-

sbmcp Xnf°w ssIh-cp-∂p. ""a™v'' F∂ t]cn¬Øs∂ B at\m-[¿Ωw {]Xn-

^-en-°p-∂p. a™p-aq-Snb Hm¿a-Iƒ, a™p-aq-Snb Xmgvhc
- I
- ƒ, a™p-aq-Snb PohnX

Nn{X-߃, Ahy-‡-X-bpsS a™v Aß-s\-b-ßs\ \nc-h[n {]tbm-K-߃ CXn-

ep-≠v. a™nse apJy-I-Ym-]m{Xw a™p Xs∂-bmWv. ImØn-cn-∏v, \n›-e-X,

Hm¿a F∂n-h-bmWv Cu t\mh-ense apJy-[m-c-Iƒ. Cu [mc-Isf Iq´n-bn-W-

°p∂ {][m-\-IÆn CXn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p≈ `mj-X-s∂-bm-Wv.

 164

a™ns‚ `mh-X-esØ Zo]vX-am-°p-∂Xv AXns‚ inev]-Nm-Xp-cy-am-Wv.

t\mh-ens‚ `mjtbbpw inev]-tØbpw CXn-hr-Ø-Øns‚ `mh-X-e-hp-ambn hne-

bn-∏n-°p-hm-\p≈ Hcp Ia-\o-b-Iu-iew CXn¬ Z¿in-°mw. A]q¿W-amb hmIy-

߃, {]ta-b-Øn-\n-W-ßp∂ _nw_-߃, at\m-K-X-ßsf klm-bn-°m≥ ]cym-

]vX-amb hmIy-L-S-\, A¿∞-K¿`-ß-fmb aqf-ep-Iƒ, hmNm-e-amb au\-߃

Aßs\ ]e-]-e-X-e-ß-fn¬ Cu hne-bn-°¬ \ap°v ImWmw. a\- ns‚ tImWp-

I-fn¬ a™p I´-Iƒ Dcp-In-sbm-en-°p-Ibpw Ipd-®p-Ig

- n-™v I´-]n-Sn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-

∂-Xmb Hcp {]Xo-Xn-bmWv Cu t\mh¬ hmbn-°p-tºm-gp-≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. AXn-\p-Im-

cWw CXn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂ `mj-bm-Wv. IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚ hy‡n-Xz-Øn-

\-\p-k-cn®v Ah¿ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ `mj-bnepw FwSn am‰-߃ hcp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-

∂p. hna-e-bp-tSbpw k¿Zm¿Pn-bp-tSbpw _p±p-hn-t‚bpw kwkm-c-Øn¬ Cu

hyXymkw {]I-S-am-Wv.

FwSn-bpsS t\mh-ep-Iƒ `mh-Km-\-ß-tfmSv Gsd ASp-Øp-\n¬°p-∂-h-bm-

Wv. AXp--sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Ahsb `mhm-flI t\mh¬ (Lyrical Novel) F∂v hnti-

jn-∏n-°mw. ""`mhm-flI t\mh-ep-I-fn¬ am\-kn-Im-\p-`q-Xn-Iƒ°mWv {]m[m\yw

\¬Ip-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ t_m[-[m-cm-co-Xn-bmWv CØcw t\mh-ep-Iƒ°v

Gsd A\p-tbm-Py-sa∂v ]m›m-Xy-\n-cq-]-I-\mb dm¬^v {^oUvam≥ (The Lyrical

Novel) F∂ IrXn-bn¬ A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp∂p.''16 D]-t_m-[-a-\- n¬ Bhn-jv°mcw

e`n-°msX InS-°p∂ am\-kn-Im-h-ÿ-Iƒ°v cq]w \¬Im≥ Cu kmt¶-XnI

coXn Gsd klm-bn-°p∂p. `mhm-flI t\mh-ens‚ A¥-co-£sØ \nb-{¥n-°p-

∂Xv apJy-I-Ym-]m-{X-Øns‚ ho£-W-am-Wv. FwSn-bpsS a™n¬ hna-e-bpsS

ImØn-cn-∏mWv apJy-[m-c. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ t\mh-en-ep-S-\ofw Cu`mhw L\o-

`-hn®p \n¬°p-∂p. {]Xo-Iß

- fpw _nw_-ßfpw sIm≠v kar-≤a
- mWv a™v. `mhm-

flI t\mh-ep-I-fn¬ _nw_-ß-fmWv {Inb-I-fpsS ^ew sNøp-∂-Xv. {]Xo-Im-fl-

 165

I-amWv "a™v' F∂ io¿j-Iw. kqcy-c-ivan-I-fpsS {]Imiw X´p-tºmƒ am{Xw

Dcp-In-sbm-en-°p∂ a™v AXns‚ Akm-∂n-[y-Øn¬ ho≠pw XWp-Øp-db

- p-Ibpw

sNøp-∂p. ChnsS hna-e-bpsS a\- m-Ip∂ a™p-I´ h¿Ø-am-\-Ime kw`-h-ß-

fm-Ip∂ kqcy-c-ivan-I-tf‰v Dcp-Ip-Ibpw ]ns∂ L\o-`-hn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Cu

{]{Inb t\mh-en-ep-S-\ofw A\p-kyqXw XpS-cp-∂p. Cu IrXn-bnse Hmtcm hm°pw

hmN-Ihpw {]Xo-Ihpw Ne-\hpw `mhhpw IYm-]m-{Xhpw "a™v' F∂ {]Xo-I-

Øns‚ Im¥n-I-h-e-b-Øn¬ s]´n-cn-°p-∂p.

ImØn-cn∏pw Hm¿Ωbpw \nkw-KX

- bpw Bh¿Ø-\h
- n-ck
- X
- bpw aSp-∏p-sa√mw

Dƒs°m-≈p∂ \nc--h[n _nw_-߃ a™n¬ D≠v. C‡m-c-bpsS t\¿Ø tXß-

ep-Iƒ, k©m-cn-I-fpsS hc-hv, _p±p-hns‚ {]Xo-£m-\n¿`-c-amb sh≈mcw IÆp-

Iƒ, a™p-aq-Snb Xmgvh-c-Iƒ, ss\\n-‰m-fnse ae-Iƒ, XWp-∏v, Hmf-ß-fn-√mØ

XSm-Iw, tXmWn-bm-{X, Nmbw]qinb Xnf-ßp∂ hnf°pImep-Iƒ, Ch-sbms°

hna-e-bpsS PohnXhr-Øm-¥-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ _nw_-ß-fm-Wv. t\mh-ens‚

`mhsØ hyRvPn-∏n-°m≥ Cu _nw_-߃°v Ign-bp-∂p-≠v. tIhew ]Xn-\©v

A[ym-b-ß-fn-embn Cu IrXnsb \n_-‘n-°m≥ t\mh-en-Ãns\ klm-bn-®Xpw

Cu _nw_-k-ar-≤n-bm-Wv.

FwSn-bpsS cN-\I
- f
- n¬ `mj krjvSn-°s
- ∏-Sp-Ib
- √ sNøp-∂X
- v, adn®v t\mh-
en-te°v `mj- kzbw IS-∂p-h-cp-I-bm-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv t\mh-ens‚ `mjbpw

{]ta-bhpw IYm-]m-{X-ßfpw BJym-\c

- o-Xn-bp-sa√mw Cgp-In-t®¿∂ Hc-\p-`hw hmb-

\-°m-cn-ep-≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. BJym-\-`mj F∂Xv Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ ]Zm-h-en-bm-Wv.

hmIy-ß-fpsS ssZ¿Lyw, {]tbm-K-ß-fpsS LS-\, {Ia-ß-fn¬ Zo£n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw

`RvPn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂ Xmf-߃, \mZ-t`-Z-߃, `mj-bnse kam-\-X-Iƒ

sshcp-≤y-߃ Ch-sb√mw tNcp-∂-XmWv cN-\m-in-ev]w. IY-]-d-bpI F∂-Xn-

t\-°mƒ IY A\p`-hn-∏n-°pI F∂-XmWv FwSn-bpsS cN-\m-X-{¥w. AXn\v
 166

At±lw Ah-ew-_n-°p-∂Xv `mj-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-I-sf-bm-Wv. sshIm-cn-I-X-

bp-tSbpw AXn-ssh-Im-cn-I-X-bp-tSbpw k¶-e-\-amWv a™n¬ ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂-

Xv. hna-e-bpsS Pohn-X-tØbpw am\-knI hnNm-c-ß-tfbpw {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p∂

sIm®p-sIm®p hmN-I-ß-fn-eqsS hnjm-Z-Øns‚ Ae-Iƒ thZ-\-bp-W¿Øp∂ Hcp

t\¿Ø kwKo-X-ambn A\p-hm-N-I-\n-te°v FØp-∂p. t_m[-[mcm t\mh-ens‚

`mjm-]-c-amb khn-ti-j-X-bmbn CXns\ KWn-°mw. {]IrXnZriy-߃t]mepw

t\mh-ens‚ `mh-Øn\v B°w-Iq-´p-∂p. _nw_m-h-en-bmWv a‰p-t\m-h-en¬\n∂pw

CXns\ hyXy-kvX-am-°p-∂-Xv. ]pgbpw XSm-Ihpw tXmWnbpw bm{Xbpw F∂√

IYm-]m-{X-߃t]mepw {]Xo-I-ß-fmbn amdp∂ ImgvN a™n¬ A\p-`hs∏Sp-

∂p. AXn\v G‰hpw {]Xy£ DZm-l-c-W-amWv CXn¬ Bh¿Øn®p IS-∂p-h-

cp∂ XSmIw F∂ _nw_w. CXv XnI®pw bmZr-›n-I-a-√. Hm¿a-I-fn¬ A`n-c-an-

°p-Ibpw {]Xo-£-I-fn¬ Pohn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ hna-e-bpsS a\- mWv XSmIw

F∂v _nw_-Øn-eqsS {]Xn-^-en-°p-∂-Xv. FwSn-bpsS cN-\m-c-l-ky-Øn-te-°p≈

Xmt°m-embn Cu _nw_sØ ]cn-K-Wn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

a™nse hnae Hcp \mbnI am{X-a-√, {]XoIw IqSn-bm-Wv. \njv^-e-amb

ImØn-cn-∏ns‚ {]Xo-I-am-W-hƒ. Cu t\mh-ense ]Xn-s\m-∂m-asØ A[ym-b-

Øn¬ hna-ebpsS a\- ns\ Bg-Øn¬ A]-{K-Yn-°m-\p≈ Hcp {iaw t\mh-enÃv

\S-Øp-∂p-≠v. A—≥ acn-®p, kwkv°m-c-Øns‚ NS-ßp-Iƒ Ign-™p. A\p-P-

t‚bpw A\p-P-Øn-bp-tSbpw Xmev]-cysØ Ah-K-Wn®v kaq-l-Øns‚ coXn-Isf

IW-°n-se-Sp-°msX \n¿hn-Im-cX \nd™ a\- p-ambn hnae A∂p-Xs∂ Xs‚

tPmen-ÿ-e-amb Ipa-bq¨ Ip∂p-I-fn-te°p aS-ßp-∂p. Xt‚-Xmb temI-Øn-

te°v Ahƒ XnSp-°-s∏´v FØp-∂p. ""Xt‚-Xmb temIw ae-Ifpw a™pw

XWp∏pw XSm-Ihpw tXSn hc≠ `qan-I-fn¬ \n∂p-h-s∂-Øp∂ k©m-cn-I-fpsS

Imsem® tIƒ°mw, Xs‚ ih-Ip-So-c-Øn\p Np‰pw.''17 ChnsS ih-Ip-Socw F∂p

 167

hnti-jn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv t_m¿UnwKv luknse hna-e-bpsS InS-∏p-ap-dn-sb-bm-Wv.

AXns\ ih-Ip-Socw F∂p hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ hna-ebv°v sshap-Jy-an√;

PohnXw AXn-t\mSv ASpØp \nevs°. Cu apdn-bpsS km∂n[yw t\mh-en-ep-S-

\ofw ImWmw. ]e-t∏mgpw hna-e-bpsS km∂n[yw Adn-bn-°p-∂Xpw Cu apdn-bm-

Wv. tlmì apdn-bpsS \mep-Np-h-cp-Iƒ°p-f-fn-emWv Ah-fpsS AkvXn-Xzw. hna-

e-bpsS Hm¿a-Ifpw kz]v\-ßfpw ImØn-cn-∏p-sa√mw Cu apdn-bn-e-a-cp-∂p. hoSns‚

a\w-a-Sp-∏n-°p∂ A¥-co-£-Øn¬ \n∂v Ah-fpsS a\- n\v Ipfn¿a \¬Ip-∂Xv

Cu apdn-bm-Wv. ka-kvX-Im-e-ßfpw Cu apdn-bn-ep-≠v. `qX-h¿Ø-am\ `mhn-Im-e-

߃ hnae-bn-te°v HmSn-sb-Øp-∂p. Ah-fpsS k¥-X-k-l-Nm-cn-bmbn apdn-am-dp-

∂p. cm{Xn-bpsS GIm-¥-X-bn¬ Hcp sNdp-∏-°m-cs\ kzoI-cn-°m≥ Xøm-dmb

]pjv]m-k¿°m¿ F∂ So®dpw AXn-\p-apºv Aº-Xp-Im-cn-bmb ankv `´pw Xma-

kn-®n-cp∂ apdn-bmWv AXv. F∂m¬ B IY-I-sfms° shdpw ]cm-a¿i-ß-fn¬

am{Xw HXp-ßp-∂p. hni-Zmw-i-ß-fn-te°v IS-°p-∂n-√. ImcWw AXv IY-bpsS

GIm-{K-Xbv°v `wKw hcp-Øpw. hna-e-bpsS hy‡nXzw ka-{K-X-tbmsS Bhn-

jv°-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v ÿqe-amb h¿W-\-Iƒ XS- -amWv F∂v FwSn a\- n-em-°n-

bn-cp-∂p. t_m[-[mcmkt¶-X-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-bmWv ÿqe-h¿W-\-Iƒ Hgn-

hm-°p-∂-Xv. am\-kn-I-hym-]m-c-߃ ÿqe-ambn hnh-cn-°p-Ibpw ]›m-Øew

kq£va-amb ]cm-a¿i-ß-fn¬ HXp-ßp-Ibpw sNøp∂ coXn a™n\v ]pXp-a-Iƒ

kΩm-\n-®p.

^nIvj-t\bpw bmYm¿∞y-tØbpw hfsc DNn-X-ambn ka-\z-bn-∏n-®n-´p≈

IrXn-bmWv a™v. Cu t\mh-ens‚ B¥-cnI Xe-Øn-se-Øn-t®-cm≥ hmb-\-°m-

cs\ klm-bn-°p∂ Hcp kqN-I-amWv ""PmeIw''. hna-e-bpsS km∂n[yw Adn-bn-

®p-sIm≠v CS-bv°nsS AS-bv°p-Ibpw Xpd-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ PmeIw Ah-fpsS

a\- ns‚ PmeIw Xs∂-bm-Wv. CXv Bh¿Øn®p IS-∂p-h-cp∂ kqN-I-am-Wv.

AS-®n´ Pme-Iw, Pme-I-Øn-eqsS, Pme-I-a-S®v sImfp-Øn-´p, Dd-°-d-bpsS AS™

 168

Pme-Iw, Pme-I-°odv ]mXn Xpd∂p t\m°n.... XpSßn Cu {]Xo-I-Øns‚ Hcp

{]hmlw Xs∂ {]kvXpX IrXn-bn-ep-≠v. hna-e-bpsS h¿Ø-am-\-Im-em-\p-`-h-

ßfpw ]q¿Δ-kvar-Xn-Ifpw Iq´n-bn-W-°m≥ FwSn kzoI-cn® kqN-I-amWv Pme-Iw.

Im‰pw shfn-®hpw IS-°m-\p≈ ]gp-Xp-am-{X-a√ ChnsS CXv. a\p-jy-a-\- n¬

amdn-am-dn-h-cp∂ Ah-ÿ-Isf {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°m≥ apdnbpw Pme-Ihpw klm-bn-

°p-∂p. ka-kvX-Im-e-ßfpw B tlmìap-dn-bn-ep-≠v. `qXhpw h¿Ø-am-\hpw

`mhn-bp-sa√mw Ahn-sS-sh®v H∂mbn h¿Ø-am-\-Øn-t‚Xp am{X-amb ]cn-ip-

≤nsb∏‰n \nc-¥cw Hm¿a-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

t\mh¬ Bcw-`n-°p-∂n-S-Øp-Xs∂ {]Xo-I-ß-fpsS kar≤n \ap°v A\p-`-

h-s∏-Sp-∂p. ""AS-®n´ Nn√p-Pm-e-I-Øns‚ t\¿Ø hnS-hp-I-fn-eqsS XWp∏v Acn-

®p-Ib
- d
- p-∂p-≠m-bn-cp∂p''. Xs‚ apdn-bn¬ GI-bmbn Hm¿a-If
- psS temIØv hym]-

cn-°p∂ hna-ebv°v \ni-_vZX Hcp kwKo-X-ambn A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂p. XpS¿∂v

Noho-Sp-I-fpsS i_vZw Ah-fpsS Nn¥sb as‰mcp Xe-Øn-te°v sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-

∂p. Xm≥ ]Tn® P¥p-im-kv{X-Ønse Noho-Sp-I-fpsS imkv{Xo-b-\m-a-sØ-°p-dn-

®m-tem-Nn-°p∂ Ahƒ sXm´-SpØ \nanjw Xs‚ Nn¥-bpsS \njv{]-tbm-P-\sØ

Ipdn-®mWv Nn¥n-°p-∂-Xv. civan-hm-Pvt]-bn-bpsS hc-hmWv XpS¿∂v Ahsf h¿Ø-

am-\-Im-e-Øn-te°v sIm≠p-h-cp-∂-Xv. B Ip´n bm{X-]-d™v t]mb-t∏mƒ Ah-

fpsS IÆn¬ \n∂pw hnae ]eXpw hmbn-s®-Sp-°p-∂p. hna-e-bpsS at\m-\n-e-

bpsS Cg-Iƒ tIm¿sØ-Sp-°p-hm≥ {]Xo-I-߃ klm-b-I-am-Ip-∂p. ""AS™p

InS-°p∂ PmeIw Xpd-∂n-´p. XWpØ hmbp Bth-i-tØmsS h∂p sI´n-∏n-Sn®

tijw apdn-bn¬ Ip‰-t_m-[-tØmsS ]cp-ßn-\n∂p.''18 ChnsS PmeIw hna-esb

]pdw temI-hp-ambn _‘n-∏n-°p-∂p. A\-¥-amb ImØn-cn-∏n-t‚bpw AXp-sIm-

≠p-Xs∂ A¿∞-iq-\y-amb AkvXn-Xz-Øn-t‚bpw \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ hy‡-am-°p∂

_nw_w IqSn-bmWv Pme-Iw. Ahƒ CS-bv°nsS PmeIw Xpd-∂n-Sp-∂Xv Xs‚

 169

\ne-]m-Sp-If
- n¬ \n∂v tamNn-Xb
- m-Ip-hm-\m-Wv. ]pdsØ ImgvNI
- ƒ Ah-fn¬ Akz-

ÿ-X-bp-f-hm-°p-tºmƒ Ahƒ Pme-I-a-S®v Ip‰n-bn-Sp-∂p. ChnsS AS-bv°p-Ibpw

Xpd-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ PmeIw hmkvX-h-Øn¬ hna-e-bpsS a\- p-X-s∂-bm-Wv.

bmYm¿∞y-tØm-Sp-s]m-cp-Ø-s∏-Sm≥ Ahƒ°p Ign-b-∂n-√. Nne-t∏m-sg-¶nepw

AXn-\mbn {ian-°m-dp-≠v, ]t£ ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]Xn-aq-∂m-a-[ym-b-Øns‚ Ah-

km-\-`m-KØv C‡m-c-bn¬ \n∂p-b-cp∂ i_vZ-Øn\v ImtXm¿Øp-sIm≠v PmeIw

Xpd-∂n-Sp∂ hna-esb FwSn Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂p. C‡m-c-bpsS t\¿Ø H‰-°-ºn-

bn¬ Im°-tbmSv hnZq-c-ÿ-\mb Imap-I\v Xs‚ thZ\ Adn-bn-°p-hm≥ ]d™

]©m_n s]¨sIm-Sn-bpsS lrZ-bhpw cmhn¬ Dd-ßp-∂-Xmbn ]d™ncn-°p-∂Xv

a™ns‚ {]ta-b-Øns‚ at\m-lm-cn-Xbv°v am‰p-Iq-´p-∂p. ImcWw hna-ebv°pw

B ]©m-_n-s]¨Ip-´n-bpsS a\- m-Wp-≈-Xv. B bmYm¿∞yw ]t£ a‰p-≈-

h¿ a\- n-em-°p-∂Xv hnae B{K-ln-°p-∂n-√. AXn-\m¬ Ahƒ thK-Øn¬

P∂-e-S-bv°p-∂p. hna-e-bpsS am\-kn-I-Po-hn-X-amWv _mly-Po-hn-X-sØ-°mƒ Poh-

 p-‰-Xv. a\- ns‚ hmXm-b-\-߃ Xpd-∂n-Sm≥ Ahƒ°v Xmev]-cy-an-√. t\mh-

en¬ BZy¥w Ah-fpsS t_m[-a-\ pw At_m-[-a-\ pw Ah-bv°n-S-bnse

t\¿Ø AXn¿h-c-ºmb D]-t_m-[-a-\ pw am[y-a-am-Ip-∂Xv A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂p.

"hmbn-°m-s\m-∂p-an√' F∂ Bfl-I-Ym-kv]¿in-bmb `mj-W-Øn¬ \n∂m-

cw-`n-°p∂ t\mh¬ F¨]Xp ]pd-ß-fn-eqsS hnI-kn®v hcpw hcm-Xn-cn-°n√ F∂

{]Xym-im-`c
- n-Xa
- mb Ah-ÿb
- n-emWv ]cy-hk
- m-\n-°p-∂X
- v. ]Xn-\©
- m-asØ A[ym-

b-Øn¬ CXv hfsc at\m-l-c-ambn FwSn Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. kok¨ Ign-

™p, XSm-Ihpw ]cn-k-chpw Hgn-™p. hna-ebpw _p±phpw Ah-cpsS ImØn-

cn∏pw am{Xw _m°n-bm-bn. ""kok¨ F{X-thKw Ign™p tawkm_v!'' ""icn-

bmWv'' "Bcpw h∂n-√.' Ahfpw Akz-ÿ-amb kzc-Øn¬ ]d™p ""Bcpw

h∂n√'' "ASpØ sIm√w t\m°mw, At√ tawkm_v?' Ahƒ F¥mWv ]d-bp-

 170

∂-sX∂p {i≤n-°msX Ae-k-ambn Bh¿Øn-®p. ""B.... ASp-Ø-sIm√w''

tawkm_v th≠{X Xm¬]cyw Im´p-∂n-s√∂ kwi-b-tØm-sS, tXm¬\n-d-ap≈
I\-Ø-Ip-∏m-b-Øns‚ s\©n¬ X´n-s°m≠v _p±p Ipd-®p-ds° tNmZn-®p. hcm-
Xn-cn-°n√ At√ tawkm_v?''19 _p±p-hns‚ Cu tNmZy-Øn-emWv t\mh¬ Ah-
km-\n-°p-∂-Xv. hna-e-bpsS Hº-Xp-h¿jw \o≠ ImØn-cn-∏n\v \ndw ]I-cm≥
_p±p {ian-°p-∂p. {]Ir-Xnbpw a\p-jy\pw Htc-t]mse ImØn-cn-°p-∂p, ASpØ
kok-Wn-\m-bn.

hna-e-bpsS at\m-K-X-߃ Bhn-jv°-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn FwSn kzoI-cn-®n-cn-

°p∂ ]Z-ßfpw Cta-Pp-Ifpw A]-{K-Y-\-Øn-\p -hn-t[-b-am-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. "\me-
©p-thf hmbn®p aSp-∏p-tXm-∂n, ]pkvXIw saØ-bn-en´p IÆ-S-®p-In-S-∂p' Dd-
°p-Ønb X´n¬\n∂pw cmhpw ]Iepw sImgn-bp-∂p IS-em-kp-]q-°ƒ \ndw aßn
hnIr-X-am-bn-cn-°p∂p'(20). hmcn-h-en-®n´ kmcn-I-fpsS Iq´-Øn¬ \n∂pw Cfw-a-
™-bn¬ Xnf-ßp∂ Nph∂ Ce-Iƒ hnX-dnb kmcn Xnc-s™-SpØp "F\n°pw
H∂p I≠m¬aXn _p±q..... H∂pw th≠ (t].33)' Ime-Øns‚ ]md-s°-´p-I-fn¬
a™v hogp-∂p, Dcp-Ip-∂p, ho≠pw a™n≥ ]S-e-߃ XWp-Øp-d™v I´n-]n-Sn-
°p-∂p. \msa√mw ImØn-cn-°p∂p (t]. 35) "saØ GtXm HcngPohn-bpsS ico-
cw-t]mse XWpØpIpg™p InS-°p∂p' (t].52) "agbv°pw Im‰n\pw `mjbpw
kwKo-Xh
- p-ap≠v' (t].60) "XSm-IØ
- n\pw \K-cØ
- n\pw apI-fn¬ G{]n¬ amk-Ønse
Cfw a™v ]s≠-t∏mtgm ]I-ep-d-°-Øn¬ I≠ Hcp kz]v\w-t]mse ]mdn \S-
°p∂p. (t].26) Cu `mK-ß-fn-se√mw hna-e-bpsS taml-`w-K-ßfpw GtXm ImØn-
cn-∏ns‚ hnlz-e-X-I-fp-am-Wp-≈-Xv. Ah-bmWv a™ns‚ LS-\sb \nb-{¥n-°p-
∂-Xv. ""Hm¿a-Iƒ Dd-ßn-°n-S-°p∂ GIm-¥-X-bpsS Cu \S-∏m-X-bn¬ Bcpw IqsS-
bp-≠m-Ip-∂Xv CjvS-an-√mØ Imcy-am-bn-cp∂p' (t].65) F∂ {]tbm-K-Øn¬ GIm-
¥-X-tbm-Sp≈ {]Wbw {]I-S-am-Wv. "\jvS-s∏´ km{am-Py-Øns‚ Xd-°-√p-Iƒ
sh´n-s∏m-fn-°p∂ i_vZw tI´p-In-S°
- p∂ A—\p `mKy-ap-≠m-Is´' (t]. 43) "Xmgvh-
 171

c-Iƒ Fßp \nt∂m hcp∂ k©m-cn-Iƒ°p-th≠n Hcp-ßm≥ Bcw-`n-°p-tºmƒ

AIØv AS-°n-sbm-fn-∏n® Hcp tImWn¬ \n∂v a¿Ω-c-ap-b-cp∂p''20 Cu `mK-ß-

fn¬ hna-e-bpsS Xo{h-amb \jvS-t_m[w Hfn-™n-cn-°p-∂p.

hm°p-Iƒ am{X-a√ IØp-Iƒt]mepw Cu t\mh-en¬ {]Xo-Iß

- f
- psS `mKw

ssIs°m-≈p-∂p. CS-bv°nsS hcp∂ IØp-Iƒ Ahƒ F¥n-\p-th-≠n-bmtWm

B¿°p-th-≠n-bmtWm ImØn-cn-°p-∂Xv B ImØn-cn-∏ns‚ `mK-ambn amdp-∂p.

t\mh-en¬ Hcp `mKØv hnae H‰-bn-cp-∏n-en-cp∂v aq∂v IØp-Iƒ°v adp-]Sn Fgp-

Xp-∂p-≠v. X\n°p hcp∂ Hmtcm-IØpw hfsc s\©n-Sn-t∏m-sS-bmWv Ahƒ

s]m´n-°p-∂-Xv. "Hº-Xp-h¿jw apºv Icn-™p-t]mb kz]v\w' ho≠pw sam´n-Sp-

sa∂ {]Xo£ Ahƒ C\nbpw ssIhn-´n-´n-√. hna-e-bpsS ImØn-cn-∏n\v Dt]m-

Zv_-e-I-am-bn-´mWv _p±p-hn-t‚bpw k¿Zm¿Pn-bp-tSbpw ImØn-cn-∏p-Iƒ FwSn Bhn-

jv°-cn-°p-∂-Xv. F¥n-t\sd ss\\n-‰mƒ Xs∂ ImØn-cn-∏ns‚ G‰hpw henb

{]Xo-I-am-Wv. "hoWp-In-S-°p∂ sh◊-bpsS taL-°o-dp-Iƒ' F∂ {]XoIw

kp[o¿Ip-am¿ an{i-bp-ambn _‘-ap-≈-Xm-Wv. "BIm-i-®-cp-hnse taL-°o-dp-t]m-

se, Xmgvh-c-bnse Npg-en-°m-‰n¬ Btcm ]d-Ønb sh≈-Øq-hm-e-t]mse' F∂o

{]tbm-K-ß-sf√mw at\m-l-c-ß-fmb _nw_-I-ev]-\-I-fm-Wv. a™p-aq-Sn-°n-S-°p∂

hna-e-bpsS a\- nepw Pohn-X-Ønepw {]Im-ihpw {]Xo-£bpw {]Zm\w sNøp∂

{]Xo-I-ß-fm-Wn-h. FwSnbv°v Gsd {]nb-¶-c-ß-fmb {]Xo-I-ß-fmWv ]pgbpw

XSm-I-hpw. a™n¬ {]XoIw XSm-I-am-sW-¶n¬ a‰p IrXn-I-fn¬ FwSn ]pg-sb-

bmWv kzoI-cn-®-Xv. XSm-IsØ hna-e-bpsS \n›-e-amb a\- p-ambn _‘n-∏n-

°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. "aqSn-s°-´nb BImiw hoWp-d-ßp∂ XWpØ XSmIw' ˛ AXn-

emWv hnae tXmWn-bm{X \S-Øp-∂X

- v. \n›-ea
- mb XSm-IØ
- n¬ Hmf-߃ krjvSn-

°p-∂Xv tXmWn-bm-{X-bm-Wv. Imew Xfw sI´n-°n-S-°p∂ hna-e-bpsS a\- nepw

Hmf-ß-fn-f-Ip-∂Xv an{i-bpsS Hm¿Ω-I-fn-eq-sS-bp≈ bm{X-bmWv. as‰m∂v XSm-I-

 172

Ønse bm{Xbv°v e£y-ÿm-\-an√ F∂-Xm-Wv. Bcw-`n-®n-S-Øp-Xs∂ AXv

XncnsI FØp-∂p. hna-e-bpsS Hm¿Ω-Ifpw CXp-t]m-se-bm-Wv. Ah XpS-ßn-tb-

S-Øp-Xs∂ Ah-km-\n-°p-∂p. ImØn-cn-°pIbmsW∂ tXm∂¬ P\n-∏n-°m-sX-

Xs∂ hnae ImØn-cn-°p-∂p. hnt\m-Z-k-©m-cn-I-fpsS Iq´-Øn¬ kp[o¿Ip-am¿

an{i-tbbpw ImØv Ahƒ Znh-k-߃ Ign-®p-Iq-´p-∂p. ss\\n-‰m-fn¬ kpJ-hm-k-

Øn-s\-Ønb ]©m-_n-°m-c-\mb k¿Zm¿Pn a™ns\ Cta-P-dn-bn-se-gp-Xnb Hcp

XØz-Nn-¥-bm°n am‰n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. kwKo-XsØ kvt\ln-°p∂ Abmƒ AXn-

tesd Pohn-XsØ kvt\ln-°p-∂p. `mj-bpsS km[y-X-Iƒ ]c-am-h[n {]tbm-P-

\-s∏-Sp-Øn-bmWv FwSn Cu IYm-]m-{XsØ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

Zriy-`m-jb
- psS km[y-XI
- fpw a™ns‚ at\m-lm-cnX h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂p. hna-

e-bpsS sNdn-b-sN-dnb am\-kn-I-N-e-\-߃ Bhn-jv°-cn-°p∂ \nc-h[n kμ¿`-

߃ CXn-ep-≠v. Ah-fpsS Hm¿Ω-Iƒ CS-bv°nsS sXfn-bp-Ibpw aßp-Ibpw

sNøp-∂p-≠v (Fade out). Nn¥-Isf apdn-®p-hn´pw a‰p hgn-I-fn-te°v Xncn-®p-hn-Sp-

∂p≠v (cut in). AtX-t]mse kao-]-Zriyw (Close up) F∂ Zr-iy-`m-jbpw t_m[-

[m-cm-k-t¶-X-Øns‚ i‡n-°mbn FwSn D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v.

Ime-Z¿i\w a™n¬

t_m[-[mcm t\mh-ep-I-fpsS Hcp {][m\ BI¿j-Wo-b-X-bmWv Ime-

Z¿i\w. Ime-Øns‚ Bhn-jv°-c-W-Øn¬ ]pXp-a-Iƒ k∂n-th-in-∏n-®mWv

t\mh¬ B[p-\n-I-Xsb tXSp-∂-Xv. a™n-em-Is´ Ime-Øns‚ \ntj-[-amWv

FwSn Bhn-jv°-cn-®-Xv. Imew Cu IrXn-bn¬ Hcp Du™m-en¬ F∂-Xp-t]mse

aptºm´pw ]ntºm´pw Nm©m-Sp-∂p. h¿Ø-am-\-Øn¬ \n∂pw `qX-Im-e-Øn-te°pw

`qX-Øn¬ \n∂v h¿Ø-am-\-Øn-te°pw a\- n-s\m∏w Imehpw Nen-°p-∂p. hna-

e-bpsS a\- ns‚ Bg-ß-fn¬ \n∂p-ap-b-cp∂ kvarXn-I-fn-eqsSbmWv a™ns‚

DuSpw ]mhpw s\bvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Cg-s]m-´msX AXv hnS¿Øn-sb-Sp-°p-tºm-gmWv

 173

BkzmZ\w ]q¿Øn-bm-Ip-∂-Xv. FwSn-bpsS t\mh-ep-I-fnse Ime-Z¿i\w hfsc

hy‡hpw AtX kabw i‡-hp-am-Wv. Ir{Xn-a-amb \nXy-Xbpw Ir{Xn-a-amb

Ime-ssZ¿Lyhpw a™nse Ime-Z¿i-\-Øn\v angn-th-Ip-∂p.

""Ime-Øns‚ ]mSp-Iƒ Gsd-bp-≈-h-bmWv FwSn-bpsS t\mh-ep-Iƒ an°-

hbpw''21. Pohn-X-Øns‚ ]q¿ÆX Dd-™p-Iq-Snb k¶-ev]-amWv Imew. `qX-

Øn¬ \n∂v h¿Ø-am-\-Øn-eqsS `mhn-bn-te-°p≈ {]hm-l-amWv Imew. AXns\

Hcp ]pg-tbmSv kmay-s∏-Sp-Ømw. ]pg-bn¬ \n›-e-amb Pew C√m-Ø-Xp-t]mse

Ime-Ønepw \n›-e-amb Pohn-X-an-√. Ne-\-amWv Pohn-XØnepw Ime-Øn-ep-ap-

≈-Xv. A]m-c-X-bn¬ \n∂pw A\-¥-X-bn-te°p \oßp∂ Imew a\p-jy-k-¶-ev]-

Ønse Xs∂ G‰hpw henb Zp¿{K-l-X-bm-Wv.

a\p-jy-a-\- p-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ Hcp ]T-\-ambn a™ns\ ImWmw. Kl-\-

ß-fmb a\x-im-kv{X-X-Øz-ß-sfm∂pw CXn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂n-√. Pohn-X-Øns‚

Ahy-‡X
- I
- fpw k¶o¿W-XI
- fpw ImeØns‚ Ahy-‡X
- b
- nepw k¶o¿W-Xb
- nepw

IqSn ]I¿Øm-\mWv FwSn {ian-®-Xv. At±-l-Øns‚ IYm-]m-{X-ß-fn¬ Gdn-b-

]¶pw Ime-Øns‚ IpsØm-gp-°n¬ Hen-®p-t]m-Ip-∂h
- c
- m-Wv. hmkvXh
- Ø
- n¬ Imew

Xs∂-bmWv a™nse apJy-I-Ym-]m-{Xw. Xs‚ apdn-bv°p-≈n-en-cp∂v `qX-Im-e-

Øn-te°pw h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-Øn-te°pw sX∂n-b-I-ep∂ hna-e-bpsS a\- mWv

a™n¬ A\m-hr-X-am-Ip-∂-Xv. Ah-fpsS apdn-bnse Ie-≠¿, G{]n¬ amk-am-

bn´pw P\p-h-cn-bn¬Øs∂ InS-°p-∂p. a™nse \n›-e-amb Ime-sØ-bmWv

CXv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. hna-e-bpsS a\- p-t]mse Xs∂-bmWv t\mh-ense Ime-

hpw. ]pXn-b-h¿jw Ne-\-an-√msX shdp-ß-en®p \n¬°p-∂p F∂mWv FwSn

hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

Ah-[n-°m-e-am-Ip-tºmƒ F√m-hcpw t_m¿Unw-Kn¬\n∂pw \m´n-te°v aS-

ßp-∂p. IpSpw-_-tØm-sSm∏w kok¨ BtLm-jn-°m≥ Nne¿ Ipa-bq-Wn-te°v

 174

FØp-∂p. F∂m¬ hna-e-bm-Is´ t_m¿Unw-Kn¬ kzbw Xf-®n-Sp-∂p. "F∂p

t]mIpw' F∂ tNmZy-Øn\v "\msf' F∂pw "F∂p-h∂p' F∂-Xn\v "C∂se'

F∂p-amWv hnae adp-]n-S]

- d
- b
- p-∂X
- v. C∂-sebv°pw \msf-bv°p-an-Sb
- n¬ Hcp \o≠
th\-e-h[n IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂p. a™nse Ime-k-¶ev]w Chn-sS-bmWv ]q¿WX

ssIh-cn-°p-∂-Xv. `mhnsb `qX-Øn¬ Xf-®n-Sp-I-bmWv bYm¿∞-Øn¬ hnae

sNøp-∂-Xv. `qX-Im-e-Nn-¥-I-fn¬ A`n-c-an-°p∂ hnae CS-bvs°-t∏mtgm h¿Ø-

am-\-Im-e-Øn-te°v {]th-in-°p-∂p. sXm´-SpØ \nanjw a\ v ho≠pw `qX-Im-

esØ tXSn-t∏m-Ip-∂p. `mhn-sb-∏‰n Ahƒ Nn¥n-°p∂tXbn-√. a™v Ime-k-

¶-ev]-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ hyXy-kvXX Is≠-Øp-∂Xv Chn-sS-bm-Wv.

a™nse ka-b-t_m[w t\mh-ens‚ CXn-hr-Ø-Øn\pw BJym-\-Øn\pw

]qc-I-ambn \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p. `mj-bnse kwKo-X-ambn \nd-bp-I-bmWv Cu ka-b-

t_m-[w. ""hna-e-bpsS a\- n¬ Imew apt∂m´pw ]ndtIm´pw k©-cn-°p-Ibpw

`qX-Imew amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-Øn¬ \nc-¥cw hnI-kn-°p-Ibpw

sNøp-∂p. AXn-\m¬ `qX-Imew AXm-bn-Øs∂ \n¬°msX hnI-kn-°p∂ h¿Ø-

am-\-Ime\nan-j-ambn ]cn-W-an-°p-Ibpw Aßs\ kwh-’-c-߃ t]mse-bp≈

\nan-j-߃ F∂ Iev]\ FwSn-bpsS ka-b-t_m-[-Øns‚ bmYm¿∞y-ambnØo-

cp-Ibpw sNøp∂p''22 F∂ sI.-]n. A∏s‚ hne-bn-cp-ج FwSn-bpsS cN-\m-X-

{¥-Øns‚ a¿Ωw Xs∂-bmWv sXm´p-Im-Wn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

A\m-Zn-bmb Hcp {]hm-l-amWv Imew. AXns\ XS-™p-\n¿Øm≥ Ign-

bn-√. Hgp-°n-\-\p-k-cn®v aptºm-´p-t]m-hp-Itb \nhr-Øn-bp-≈q. Ime-Øns‚ AP-

ø-amb {]hm-lsØ Ft∏m-sg√mw ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ {ian-°p-∂pthm At∏m-

sg√mw a\p-jy≥ kzbw ]cm-Pn-X-\m-bn-´p-≠v. CØ-c-Øn¬ `n∂-ap-J-ß-fp≈ Ime-

tØmSp {]Xn-I-cn-®p-sIm-≠mWv t_m[-[mcm t\mh-ep-Iƒ cwK-{]-thiw sNbvX-

Xv. FwSn-bpsS t\mh-ep-I-fnse Imem-hn-jv°m-csØ CØ-c-Øn-emWv kao-]n-
 175

t°-≠-Xv. ImesØ kw`-h-ß-fpsS ss\c-¥-cyambn ]n¥p-S-cp-Ibpw kw`-h-ß-

fpsS {Iaw sX‰n-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS `qX-h¿Ø-am-\-`m-hn-{Iaw am‰n-∏-Wn-bp-Ibpw t_m[-

[mcm t\mh-ep-I-fpsS am{Xw khn-ti-j-X-bm-Wv. at\m-\n-jvT-amb Imem-\p-`-h-

Øn-\mWv ChnsS ÿm\w. A\p-{I-aX F∂Xv A{]-[m-\-ambn amdn. ImcWw

am\-knI hym]m-cß
- ƒ°v Imem-\p-{Iaw D≠m-IW
- s
- a-∂n-√. Imew AXns‚ kz`m-

h-a-\p-k-cn®v {]h-ln-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p. AXn¬s∏-Sp∂ IYm-]m-{X-ßfpw Cu

Hgp-°n¬s∏-Sp-∂p. h¿Ø-am-\-Im-esØ CSp-ßnb ]cn-[n-bv°p-≈n¬ HXp-°n-

\n¿Øp∂ coXn t_m[-[mcm t\mh-en-Ãp-Iƒ ]co-£n®p hnP-bn-®-Xm-Wv. Imew,

ÿew, kw`hw F∂n-h-bn¬ sFIyw ]men-°m≥ Ah¿°v km[n-®n-´n-√, AXn\v

Ah¿ {ian-®n-´p-an-√.

Ime-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Hc-h-ÿ-bmWv ImØn-cn-∏v. a™n¬ F√m-hcpw

ImØn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. _p±p Xs‚ ]nXm-hn-s\, k¿Zm¿Pn ac-W-sØ, XSmIw

bm{X-nI-sc..... F∂m¬ apJy-IY
- m-]m-{X-amb hna-eb
- psS ImØn-cn∏v bYm¿∞-Øn¬

ImØn-cn-∏mtWm? hnae icn°pw Bsc-sb-¶nepw ImØn-cn-°p-∂pt≠m? Hº-Xp-

h¿jw ]n∂n´ ImØn-cn∏v Ah-fpsS {]Ir-X-Øn\v CW-ßp-∂n-√. kp[o¿Ip-am¿

an{i C\n Hcn-°epw aS-ßn-h-cn√ F∂p a\- n-em-°m-\p≈ ]IzX Ahƒ°p-≠v.

CXn-\Iw Abm-fp-tS-Xmb Hcp IØp-t]mepw Ahƒ°p e`n-®n-√. F∂n´pw ImØn-

cn-°pI F∂ hn[n hnae G‰p-hm-ßp-∂p. ImcWw Ahƒ°p sNøm≥ AXp

am{X-ta-bp-≈q. Aßs\ t\m°n-bm¬ Ime-amWv a™nse apJy-IY

- m-]m{Xw F∂p

]d-tb-≠n-h-cpw.

Ime-Øns‚ cYy-bn-eqsS hna-e-bpsS Hm¿a-Iƒ apt∂m´pw ]nt∂m´pw k©-

cn-°p∂ k{º-Zm-b-Øn-emWv a™ns‚ cN-\m-inev]w {Iao-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

kvarXn-bpsS Hcp Xc-Øn-ep≈ {]hmlw Xs∂-bm-Wn-Xv. hna-e-bpsS AkvXn-Xz-

Øns‚ thcp-Iƒ `qX-Im-e-Øn¬ sI´p-]n-W™p InS-°p-∂p. `mhn Cu `qX-Øn¬
 176

\n∂mWv s]m´n-ap-f-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Ime-Øn-eqsS apt∂m´pw ]nt∂m´pw t]mIp-∂-

Xn\v t_m[-[mcmt\mh-enÃv kw`-h-ß-sf-bmWv D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. h¿Ø-

am-\-Ime kw`-h-߃, {]Xo-I-߃ apX-em-bh `qX-Ime kw`-h-ß-fn¬ A`n-c-an-

®n-cn-°p∂ a\- ns\ i‡-ambn BI¿jn-°p-∂p. X∑qew Imew F∂ k¶-ev]-

Øn\v kzm`m-hn-Ia
- mbn th≠ ZrV-Xbpw ¢n]vXX
- bpw ChnsS C√m-Xm-Ip-∂p. at\m-

hym-]m-cØ
- ns‚ {Ia-cl
- n-Xa
- mb {]hm-lØ
- n\v A\p-{I-aX
- b
- n-√m-ØX
- n-\m¬ a™n¬

Ime-Øns‚ \ntj-[-am-Wp-≈-sX∂p ]d-bmw. AXn-eqsS a\- ns‚ \ne-bn-√m-°-

b-ß-fn-te°v Dufn-bn-Sm-\mWv t\mh-enÃv {ian-°p-∂-Xv.

t_m[-[mcmt\mh-ep-I-fn¬ Hcp Ime-c-ln-X-amb Ahÿ \ap°v Z¿in-

°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. hna-e-bpsS Pohn-X-Ønse \n›-e-amb Ahÿ Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-

∂-Xn\v G‰hpw A\p-tbm-Py-amb kt¶Xw t_m[-[m-c-X-s∂-bm-Wv. hnae `qX-

Im-e-Øn¬ Pohn-°m-\m-{K-ln-°p-∂-h-fm-Wv. h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-Ønse GsX-¶nepw

Hcp sNdnb ImgvN-bn¬\nt∂m i_vZ-Øn¬\nt∂m BWv ]q¿Δ-Im-e-Øn-te°v

Ah-fpsS a\ v k©m-c-am-cw-`n-°p-∂-Xv. t\mh-en-Ãm-I-s´, hna-e-bpsS a\- ns‚

`qX-h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-]-cy-S\w hfsc Ah-[m-\-X-tbmsS Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂p. h¿Ø-

am-\-Im-e-Ønse A\p-`h cln-X-amb \n›-e-X-bn¬ \n∂mWv hnae-bpsS a\ v

an{i-tbm-sSm∏w Nne-h-gn® \nan-j-ß-fpsS Hm¿a-bn-te°v FØp-∂-Xv. am\-kn-I-

amb kwXp-e\w tXSn-bmWv hnae `qX-Im-eØ

- n-te°v {]bmWw sNøp-∂X
- v. h¿Ø-

am-\I
- mew iq\y-am-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ `qX-Im-ek
- vac
- W
- I
- ƒsIm≠v AXns\ \nd-bv°p-

∂p. sshIm-cn-I-ÿn-c-X-bv°p-th≠n Ah-fpsS a\- p-I-s≠-Ønb hgn-I-fmWv

`qX-Im-e-kva-c-W-Iƒ. ImØn-cn∏pw th¿]mSpw {]Xo-£bpw ss\cm-iy-hp-sa√mw

tN¿∂v a™v \jvS-t_m-[-Øns‚ {]hm-l-am-Ip-∂p. t\mh-ense {Inbm-Imew

F{X-I≠p Ipd-bp-∂pthm A{Xbv°v `mh-Xo-{hX h¿≤n-°p∂p F∂v a™v km£y-

s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. t_m[-[mcmt\mh-en¬ h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-tØ-°mƒ `qX-Im-e-amWv

 177

I\-Ø-bm-Ym¿∞yw. h¿Ø-am-\-Ime kw`-h-߃ `qX-Im-esØ DW¿Øm-\p≈

D]m-[n-I-fmbn amdp-\-∂p. a™n¬ CXn\v \nc-h[n ZrjvSm-¥-ß-fp-≠v. civan-

bpsS IØv hna-esb `qX-Im-e-Øn-te°v Iq´n-s°m-≠p-t]m-Ip-∂p. an{i-bp-ambn

]¶p-sh® kpJ-Z-\n-an-j-ß-fn¬ Ahƒ A`n-c-an-°p-∂p. _p±p-hns‚ tXmWn-bn¬

XSm-I-Øn-eqsS bm{X-sN-øp-tºmgpw hnae `qX-Im-e-Øn-te°v aS-ßp-∂p. `qX-

h¿Ø-am\ Ime-ß-fn¬ amdn-amdn Dub-em-Sp∂ Ah-fpsS a\ v AXn-hn-Z-Kv≤-

ambn FwSn Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

a™n¬ CS-bv°nsS IS-∂p-h-cp∂ h¿Ø-am-\-Ime PohnXw C{μn-b-tKm-N-

c-ß-fmb euIn-I-X-Isf t_m[-X-e-Øn¬ XS-™p-\n¿Øp-∂p. AXp-Iq-SmsX

`qX-Im-ew-sIm≠v h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-Øn¬ Hcp anYym-{`aw krjvSn-°m≥ FwSn {ian-

®n-cn-°p-∂p. hmb-\-°m-c-\nse Ime-t_m-[sØ \nan-j-t\-c-tØ-bvs°-¶nepw

XI¿°m≥ AXv hgn-sbm-cp-°p-∂p. Imew `mhn-bn-te°v k©-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-

°p∂p F∂ km{º-Zm-bnI k¶-ev]sØ a™v \ncm-Ic
- n-°p-∂p. kmaq-lnI Imew,

am\-kn-I-Imew F∂n-h-tbmSv {]Xn-I-cn-°p-tºm-gmWv bYm¿∞-Im-e-t_m[w P\n-

°p-∂-Xv. t_m[-Øns‚ `mKw F∂ \ne-bv°mWv a™n¬ `qX-Imew Bhn-jv°-

cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. kº-∂hpw kw`-h-_-l-e-hp-amb `qX-Im-ehpw iq\y-amb h¿Ø-

am-\I
- m-ehpw {]Xo-£m-`c
- n-Xh
- p-amb `mhn-bp-amWv hna-eb
- v°p-≈X
- v. ""`qX-Im-esØ
DW¿Øm-\p≈ DtØ-P-I-߃ am{X-am-Wv h¿Ø-am-\-Ime kw`-h-߃.''23 \jvS-

s∏´ \nan-j-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ Hm¿a-Iƒ, h¿Ø-am-\-Imew F∂ bmYm¿∞yw, `mh-

\-bn-eqsS Hcp km∂n-[y-am-bn-Øo¿∂ C\nbpw P\n-®n-´n-√mØ `mhn-ap-lq¿Ø-

߃ Ch ebn-®p-tN-cp-∂-XmWv t_m[-[mcm t\mh-ense Ime-k-¶-ev]w.

hna-e-bpsS Hm¿a-I-fn¬ \n∂v Ime-Øns‚ hgn-Isf th¿Xn-cn-s®-Sp-°m≥

hmb-\-bn¬ GIm-{KX thWw. H∂m-asØ A[ym-b-Ønse Ah-fpsS Ne-\-

ßfpw kvac-W-Ifpw A]-{K-Yn-®m¬ CXv icn-bm-sW∂p a\- n-em-°mw. h¿Ø-
 178

am-\-Im-e-sat∂m `qX-Im-e-sat∂m hyh-tO-Zn-°m-\m-hmØ Hcp Ime-_n-μp-hn¬

\n∂mWv Xs‚ hnjbw P¥p-im-kv{X-am-sW∂v Ahƒ Hm¿sØ-Sp-°p-∂X
- v. _mly-
tem-I-Øn¬ \n∂pw B¥-cnI temI-Øn-te°pw Xncn®pw a\ v {ZpX-K-Xn-bn¬
Nen-°p-∂p. Ime-Øn¬ \n∂pw Ime-Øn-te-°p≈ \nc-¥-c-amb t]m°p-h-c-hp-
Iƒ a™n¬ A\m-hr-X-am-Ip-∂p. Ime-Øns‚ Nn{Xo-I-c-W-Øn¬ FwSn Hcp ]Sn-
IqSn IS∂v h¿Ø-am-\-Im-esØ ac-hn-∏n-°p∂ ImgvNbpw Cu t\mh-en¬ \ap°p
ImWmw. A©m-asØ A[ym-b-Øn¬ hnae X\nbv°p h∂ IØp-Iƒ ]cn-tim-
[n-°p∂ `mKw {i≤n-°p-I. c≠m-asØ IØn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]mbn \nan-j-t\cw
sIm≠v AhpsS IpSpw-_-Øns‚ `qX-Im-em-h-ÿbpw h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-ÿn-Xnbpw
sXfn-™p-hc
- p-∂p. Hm¿a-Iƒ ChnsS Ime-ambn {]h-ln-°p-∂p. t\mh-enÃv ChnsS
h¿Ø-am-\-Im-esØ D≈w ssIbnse lna-]m-fn-t]m-se-bm°n AXn-eqsS `qX-
Im-esØ IS-Øn-hn-Sp-∂p. AXp-t]mse Ft∏mgpw amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂p F¶nepw
hyXy-kvX-am-ImsX \nev°p∂ h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-Øns‚ kz`m-hhpw a™n¬ {]Xn-
^-en-°p-∂p. AXn-\p-Zm-l-cW-amWv A—≥ acn-®-cm-{Xn-bn¬ hnae Xs‚ IpSpw-
_-tØm-sSm∏w Dd-ßp-∂-Xv Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ChnsS Ah-fpsS a\ v an{i-
tbm-sSm∏w bm{X-sNbvXv aS-ßn-h-cp-∂p. \o≠ Imehpw \nc-h[n kμ¿`-ßfpw
sRmSn-bn-S-bn¬ Nn¥m-i-I-e-ß-fmbn hna-e-bpsS t_m[-a-WvU-e-Øn¬ \nd-bp-∂-
Xns‚ Nn{Xo-Ic
- a
- mWv A©m-a[
- ym-bØ
- nse an{i-bp-am-bp≈ kam-Kathf-bn-ep-≈Xv.

`qX-Im-em-\p-`-h-ß-fn-eqsS hna-e-bpsS a\ v Hcp \Zn-sb-t∏mse \nc-¥cw

{]h-ln-°p-∂p. Hc¿∞-Øn¬ hnae Xs∂-bmWv Imew. Ime-Øns‚ \nb-{¥-W-
Øn¬s∏´ PohnXw F∂ Cub-h-ÿ-X-s∂-bmWv hna-esb kw_-‘n®v G‰hpw
henb bmYm-¿∞yw. AXpXs∂-bmWv Ah-fpsS AkvXn-Xzhpw. Ime-Øns‚
ÿe-h-ev°-cWw a™n¬ {]Xn-^-en-°p-∂p. ""XSm-I-Ønse Pew t]mse-Xs∂
Imew Xfw sI´n-°n-S-°p-IbmWv''24 F∂ {]tbm-K-Øn¬ a™ns‚ `mhm¿∞w
{]Xn-^-en-°p-∂p. hna-e-bpsS am\-kn-Im-h-ÿ-X-s∂-bmWv CXv shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-
 179

∂-Xv. XSm-Iw, Ip∂n≥ Ncnhp-Iƒ XpS-ßnb _nw_-ß-fn-eqsS hna-e-bpsS \n›-

e-am-bn-Øo¿∂ B¥-cn-I-Im-e-sØ-bmWv FwSn Zriy-h-ev°-cn-°m≥ {ian-®-Xv.

ChnsS {]Ir-Xnsb IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚ a\- ns‚ IÆm-Sn-bm-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

`qX h¿Ø-am\ `mhn Ime-߃ CS-I-e¿∂p-h-cp∂ hna-e-bpsS t_m[-[m-

c-bn¬ kmμ¿`n-I-ambn FØp∂ kw`-h-߃°v ]cn-an-X-amb hmIy-߃ am{Xw

\¬In am\-kn-Im-h-ÿ-bpsS bYm-XY Nn{Xo-I-cWw \n¿Δ-ln-°m≥ FwSn

\njvI¿j ]pe¿Øn. t_m[-[m-cb

- psS ^e-{]-Za
- mb Bhn-jvIc
- W
- Ø
- n\v CtXsd

klm-bn-®p. Ime-Øns‚ Nn{Xo-I-c-W-Øn¬ FwSn kzoI-cn® cN-\m-Iu-i-e-ß-

fmWv a™ns\ anI® t\mh-em°n am‰n-b-Xv. hna-e-bn¬ `qXhpw \n›e-amb

h¿Ø-am-\hpw hn^-e-amb `mhnbpw ssItIm¿Øp \nev°p-∂p. h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-

Ønse kw`-h-ß-fn-eqsS hnae Xs‚ t_m[sØ shdptX Hgp-°n-hn´v Xs‚

Ak-¥p-jvS-amb Pohn-X-Øn¬ apßnbpw s]mßnbpw k©-cn-°p-∂p. CS-bv°n-

Sbv°v t_m[-{]-hmlw ssIhn-´p-t]m-Ip-∂p. IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚ Bfl-]o-V\

- n-d™

a\ v {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°m≥ t_m[-[mcmkt¶Xw hfsc klm-bn-®n-´p-≠v.

t_m[-[mcmkt¶Xw ˛ FwSn-bpsS CXc cN\I-fn¬

hf-sc-tbsd km[y-X-Ifpw AXn-tesd ]cn-an-Xn-I-fp-ap≈ Hcp cN-\m-k-{º-

Zm-b-amWv t_m[-[m-c. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ BZy¥w t_m[-[m-cm-coXn Ah-ew-

_n-®p-sIm-≠p≈ t\mh-ep-Iƒ ae-bm-f-Øn¬ FÆ-Øn¬ Ipd-hm-Wv. F∂m¬

Cu kt¶-X-Øns‚ hn]p-e-amb km[y-X-Iƒ a\- n-em-°nb FwSn hmkp-tZ-h≥

\mb¿ Xs‚ F√m-c-N-\-I-fnepw t_m[-[m-cm-coXn Ah-ew-_n-°m≥ {ian-®n-´p-≠v.

At±-l-Øns‚ t\mh-ep-Ifpw IY-I-fp-sa√mw ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ CXv hy‡-am-Ipw.

]≈n-hmfpw Im¬®n-e-ºpw, hf¿Øp-ar-K-߃, Hmfhpw Xoc-hpw, Hmt∏mƒ, Ipt´y-

S-Øn, Ccp-´ns‚ Bflmhv XpS-ßnb BZy-Ime IY-I-fn-se√mw t_m[-{]-hm-l-

 180

Øns‚ Nne LS-I-߃ ]tcm-£-am-bn-s´-¶nepw kzoI-cn-®n-´p-≠v. F∂m¬ t\mh-

ens‚ cN-\m-in-ev]-Øn-emWv FwSn IqSp-X¬ ]co-£-W-߃ \S-Øn-b-Xv.

Imew, \mep-sI-´v, Akp-c-hn-Øv, hnem-]-bm-{X, c≠m-aqgw XpS-ßnb t\mh-

ep-I-fn-se√mw apJyIYm-]m-{X-ß-fpsS hy‡nXzw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn¬ t_m[-

{]-hm-l-coXn Hcp henb ]¶p-h-ln-®n-´p-≠v. F∂m¬ a™n¬ \n∂pw BJym-\-X-

{¥-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ hfsc hyXy-kvXX ]pe¿Øp-∂-h-bmWv FwSn-bpsS CXc

t\mh-ep-Iƒ. ImcWw Ch-bn-sem-∂pw-Xs∂ {]kvXpX kt¶Xw ]q¿W-ambpw

]n¥p-S-cp-∂n-√. IYm-]m-{X-ß-fpsS {]tXy-I-am-\-kn-Im-hÿ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥

t_m[-[m-c-bpsS klmbw tXSn-bn-´p-≠v. \mep-sI-´nse A∏p-Ænbpw Akp-c-hn-

Ønse tKmhn-μ≥Ip-´nbpw Ime-Ønse tkXphpw c≠m-aq-g-Ønse `oa\pw hnem-

]-bm-{X-bnse A—s‚ ac-W-sØ-°p-dn®v kvacn-°p∂ a°fpw hyXy-kvX-ß-fmb

t_m[-[m-c-I-fn¬ Ncn-°p∂ IYm-]m-{X-ß-fm-Wv. A¥¿ap-Jcpw GIm-In-I-fp-amb

Cu IYm-]m-{X-߃ kaq-l-Øn¬\n∂v _ln-jvIr-X-cm-b-h-cm-Wv. Ah¿°v

]q¿WX \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\mWv FwSn t_m[-[m-c-bpsS klmbw tXSn-b-Xv. a\p-jy-

kz-`m-hsØ A]-{K-Yn®v Pohn-Xm-\p-`-h-ß-fpsS sshNn-{Xy-߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-

Ibmbncp∂p At±-l-Øns‚ e£yw.

FwSn-bpsS anI® t\mh-ep-I-fn-sem-∂mWv Imew. CXv Hcp am\-kn-Im-]-

{K-Y\ t\mh-em-Wv. a\p-jy-s\-°p-dn-®pw, a\p-jy-kz-`m-h-Øns‚ sshcp-≤y-ß-sf-

°p-dn-®p-ap≈ Hcp ]T-\-ambn Cu t\mh-ens\ ImWmw. Ime-Ønse tkXp FwSn-

bpsS CXc IYm-]m-{X-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw hyXy-kvX-\m-Wv. kzm¿∞-X-bmWv Ahs‚

Zu¿_-eyw. Imew \jvS-s∏-Sp-Ønb aqey-t_m[w Ahs\ Ic-I-b-dm≥ ]‰m-Ø-

hn[w ]Sp- I p- g n- b n- t e°v X≈n- h n- S p- ∂ p. IYm- ¥ y- Ø n¬t∏mepw tkXp- h n\v

AXn¬\n∂v tamN\w e`n-°p-∂n-√. kz¥w ho´n¬ Imc-W-sam-∂p-an-√msX kzbw

A]-cn-Nn-X-\mbn amdn-b-Xn¬ ]cn-X-]n-°p∂ tkXp-hns‚ hnhn-[ -am-\-knIXe-
 181

߃ FwSn at\m-lc
- a
- mbn Nn{Xo-Ic
- n-®n-´p-≠v. tkXp a‰p-≈h
- t- cmSv IW-°p-Xo¿°p-

I-b-√, adn®v Imew Abm-tfmSp ]Icw ho´p-I-bm-Wv. B A¿∞-Øn¬ Ime-

amWv Cu IrXn-bnse apJy-I-Ym-]m-{X-sa∂p ]d-bmw. hminbpw ]Ibpw shdp∏pw

{]Xn-Imc-hp-sa√mw \n m-c-am-°p∂ Ime-Øn\v Hcp IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚ ]cn-thjw

\¬Ip-∂-Xn¬ sX‰n-√. F∂p-am-{X-a-√, HuNn-Xy-ap-≠p-Xm-\pw. a™nse XSmIw

t]mse Ime-Øn¬ Bh¿Øn-®p-h-cp∂ _nw_-amWv ]pg. Fs¥m-s°tbm t\S-

W-sa∂pw XI¿°-W-sa-∂p-ap≈ hmin-bn¬ ap∂n-ep≈ kIeXnt\bpw X´n-am‰n

IpXn-®p-]m-bp∂ ]pg hmkvX-h-Øn¬ tkXp-hns‚ a\- p-X-s∂-bm-Wv. a™nse

hna-e-sb-t∏mse `qX-Im-e-Øn¬ A`n-c-an®v {]Xo-£-tbmsS ImØn-cn-°m≥ tkXp

Xøm-d-√. Abmƒ°v AXn\v ka-b-hp-an-√. IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚ hy‡nXzhpw t_m[-

[mcm kt¶-X-hp-am-bp≈ _‘w ChnsS IqSp-X¬ hy‡-am-Ip-∂p. {Iqc-amb \niq-

\yX ap∂n¬°m-Wp∂ kpan-{X-bv°m-h-s´, ImØn-cn-°m≥ H∂p-an-√. X\n°v Hcp

ImeØv A{]m-]y-am-bn-cp∂ `uXn-I-kp-J-ßsf sh´n-∏n-Sn-°m≥ {ian® tkXp-hm-

I-s´, HSp-hn¬ Ah-sb√mw shdpw aco-Nn-I-bm-sW∂v a\- n-em°n Bƒ°q-´-Øn-

\n-S-bn¬ ad-bp-∂p. A\m-Zn-bmb Imew F∂ k¶-ev]sØ {]Xy-£o-`-hn-∏n-°p∂

t\mh-emWv Imew.

kz¥w hy‡n-Xz-Øns‚ ap\-Iq¿∏n-®psIm≠n-cn-°p-∂-h-cmWv FwSn-bpsS

IYm-]m-{X-߃. alm-`m-c-X-I-Ysb BZy¥w Hcp ]p\¿hm-b-\bv°p hnt[-b-am-

°p-I-bmWv "c≠m-aqgw' F∂ t\mh-en¬. alm-{]-ÿm-\-th-f-bn¬ ]mWvU-hcpw

]m©m-enbpw bYm-{Iaw \S-°p-∂-Xn-\n-S-bn¬ ]m©men hoWp. `oa-tk-\≥ Xncn-

™p-t\m-°n. ]m©men hoW-Xn\pw acn-®-Xn\pw CS-bv°p≈ Aev]-t\cw sIm≠v

`oa-tk-\≥ iXirwKw apX¬ Xm\n-t∏mƒ FØn-\n¬°p∂ alm-bm-{Xm-thf hsc-

bp≈ Pohn-XØ
- ns‚ Zo¿L-]Yw apgp-h≥ a\- m¬ ho≠p-sam∂v Xm≠p-∂p. Ime-

Øns‚ CS-hn-Sm-Xp≈ Hgp°pw k¶o¿W-Xbpw c≠m-aq-g-Øn-en-√. Cu t\mh-

 182

en¬ cN-\m-kt- ¶-XØ

- ns‚ `mK-sa-∂\
- n-eb
- n¬ ImesØ Nn{Xo-Ic
- n-°m-\mWv FwSn

{ian-®-Xv. ChnsS Ncn-{X-]-c-ambn HSp-hn¬ \S-∂Xv BZyw Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v

A\p-`h
- ß
- f
- psS Ncn-{X-]c
- a
- mb {Iaw-sX-‰n-®p-sIm≠v kw`-hß
- sf ]p\¿hn-Nn-¥\w
sNøp-tºmƒ CXn-lm-k-Øn¬ \n∂pw `n∂-amb Hcp ho£Ww e`n-°p-∂p. AXp-

sIm-≠p-Xs∂ CXv `oas‚ kvarXn-[m-c-bmbn amdp-∂p. F∂m¬ CXns\ Hcp

{]hm-l-ambn t\mh-en-ep-S-\ofw \ne-\n¿Øp-∂n-√. Ahsb thdn´p \n¬°p∂

kvarXn-I-fpsS XpS¿®-bmbn am{Xw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. CXn-lm-k-Øn-\-\p-tbm-

Py-amb Hcp ]›m-Øew \ne-\n¿Øm≥ FwSn B{i-bn-®Xv cN-\m-k-t¶-X-sØ-

bm-Wv.

FwSn-bpsS BZy-Ime t\mh-emWv \mep-sI-´v. {]ta-b-Øns‚ {]tXy-I-X-

sIm≠pw IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-sIm≠pw {i≤n-°-s∏´ t\mh-em-Wn-Xv.

am\y-X-sIm≠pw kº-Øp-sIm≠pw {]kn-≤-amb hS-t°-∏m´p Xd-hm-´nse Imc-

W-h-cpsS Cf-b-a-Iƒ ]mdp-°p´n ]In-S-I-fn-°m-c≥ tIm¥p-Æn-\m-b-cpsS IqsS Hfn-

t®m-Sn-t]m-bn. ho´p-Im¿ ]Sn-bS- ®p ]nWvUw h®p-sh-¶nepw Ahƒ Pohn-®p. ASpØ

kplr-Ømb skbvXmen tIm¥p-Æn-\m-b¿°p hnjw sImSpØp sIm∂p. ASp-

°-f∏
- W
- n-Iƒ sNbvXv hfsc IjvSs
- ∏´v GI aI-\mb A∏p-Ænsb Ahƒ hf¿Øn.

hf¿∂p h∂-t∏mƒ A∏p-Ænbv°v IpSpw-_-tØmSpw kaq-l-tØmSpw Ah-t\m-Sp-

X-s∂bpw ISpØ ]I-tXm-∂p-∂p. A¥¿ap-J-Xzhpw GIm-¥-Xbpw H‰-s∏-S-ep-

sa√mw amdn-amdn `cn-°p∂ a\ m-bn-cp∂p Ah-t‚-Xv. H´-\-h[n {]Xn-_-‘-߃

XcWw sNbvXv Ah≥ Xs∂bpw Xs‚ AΩ-tbbpw \njv°-cpWw Cd-°n-hn´

\mep-sI´v hne-bv°p-hmßn AXv CSn-®p-s]m-fn-°p-∂p. ho´n-te-°p-am-{X-a√ AXn-

ep-≈-h-cpsS a\- n-te°pw Im‰pw shfn-®hpw Ib-dm≥th-≠n-bm-sW∂pw ]d-bp-

∂p. XI¿∂ Xd-hm-Sp-I-fnse hy‡n-I-fpsS k¶o¿W-amb at\m-`m-h-ß-tfbpw

inYn-e-amb IpSpw-_-_-‘-ß-tfbpw t_m[-[mcm kt¶-X-Øns‚ klm-b-tØmsS

Nn{Xo-I-cn-°m≥ FwSn {ian-®p.

 183

tKmhn-μ≥Ip´n F∂ H‰-bms‚ IY-bmWv FwSn-bpsS "Akp-c-hnØv' F∂

t\mh¬. ]IbptSbpw ]ucp-jØ

- n-t‚bpw GIm-¥s
- \m-ºc
- Ø
- n-t‚bpw Bhn-jv°-

c-Wa
- mWv Cu IrXn. Bdmw Xº-Øn¬ AΩ-bv°p-≠mb Cf-ba
- I
- ≥ F√m-h¿°pw
NXp¿∞n-bmbn hf¿∂p. Akp-c-hn-Ømbn hntijn-∏n-°-s∏´ Ahs\ kaqlw

H‰-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-t∏mƒ Ah≥ kaq-l-tØbpw shdp-Øp. kz¥w at\m-hym-]m-c-ß-

fn¬ A`n-c-an-®p. X\nbv°p icn F∂p tXm∂nbXpam{Xw sNbvXv kaq-l-Øns‚

\nb-aß
- sf Im‰n¬∏-dØ
- n. \mep-sI-´nse A∏pÆn HSp-hn¬ {Kma-Øn-te°p aSßn

Akp-c-hn-Ønse tKmhn-μ≥ Ip´nbmIs´ aS-ßn-h-cm≥ th≠n bm{X-bm-bn. Ime-

Ønse tkXp ]t£ aS-ßn-h-cm-Xn-cn-°m-\mbn bm{X-bm-bn. aq∂p t\mh-ep-Ifpw

PohnXw Hcp ka-ky-bm-sW∂ t_m[w-A-h-ti-jn-∏n-°p-∂p.

\mep-sI-´nepw Akp-ch
- n-Ønepw Ime-Ønepw hym]n-®p-Im-Wp∂ Hcp at\m-

`m-h-Øns‚ hnIm-k-amWv hnem-]-bm{X F∂ t\mh¬. CXn¬ hy‡n GIm-¥-

X-sbbpw A¥¿ap-JX
- t- bbpw Xc-Ww-sNbvXv \nkw-KX
- sb {]m]n-°p-∂p. A—s‚

ac-Wh
- m¿Ø-bd
- n™v FØn-t®¿∂ a°-fpsS Hm¿a-If
- n-eqsS IpSpw-__
- ‘
- Ø
- ns‚
k¶o¿W-amb Nn{X-߃ FwSn CXn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. ]nXm-hns‚ acWw

Ign-™p≈ c≠p-Zn-h-k-amWv CXnse IYm-Imew. hfsc Npcp-ßnb aWn-°q-dp-

Iƒ sIm≠v A—≥ F∂ k¶-ev]-sØ-°p-dn®v \mep-a-°ƒ°p-ap≈ at\m-`mhw

Ah-cpsS Hm¿a-If
- n-eqsS aßnbpw sXfn™pw hy‡-am-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ a™nse

ip≤-amb t_m[-[m-cm-co-Xn-bn¬ \n∂pw hnem-]-bm-{X-bnse BJym-\-Øn\v Hcp-

]mSp hyXym-k-ß-fp-≠v. CXn¬ Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw Xß-fpsS Hm¿a-I-fn-eqsS ]n∂n-

te°p t]mhp-I-bmWv. Aß-s\-bmWv IY-bpsS CXƒ hncn-bp-∂-Xv. ac-W-ho-

´n¬ Ah¿ t\cn-Sp∂ \n¿hn-Im-c-X-bn¬ \n∂pw Hcp tamN-\-Øn-\mbn t_m[-

]q¿Δw `qX-Im-e-Øn-te°p aS-ßp∂ IYm-]m-{X-ß-fmWv hnem-]-bm-{X-bn-ep-≈-Xv.

inev]-`w-Kn-bn¬ a™n-t\mSv hfsc ASp-Øp-\n¬°p∂ Cu t\mh-en¬ DÆn-am-[-
 184

hs‚ Nn¥-Iƒ°mWv Xmc-X-tay\ {]m[m\yw. BJym\w H∂n-tesd IYm-]m-{X-

ß-fpsS t_m[-[m-c-bn-eqsSbmWv \n¿Δ-ln-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Ipt´-´≥, cmP≥, A∏p,

DÆn-am-[-h≥ F∂n-h-cpsS A\p-`-h-{]-]-©-Øn-eqsS hnem-]-Øns‚ Xo£vWX

shfn-hm-Ip-∂p. h¿Ø-am-\-Ime kw`-h-ß-fn¬\n∂pw `qX-Im-e-Øn-te-°p≈

bm{Xbv°v t_m[-[m-c-bp-ambn hnZq-c-kmayw D≠v.

FwSn-bpsS IYm-{]-]-©-Ønepw t_m[-[m-cm-co-Xn-bpsS ]e Awi-ßfpw

Is≠-Øm-\m-Ipw. "Hmt∏mƒ' F∂ BZy-Im-e-I-Y-bn¬ tI{μ-I-Ym-]m-{X-amb

Hmt∏msf Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ kt¶-X-Øns‚ km[y-X-Iƒ {]Xn-^-en-°p-∂p-

≠v. Iuam-c-Øn¬ sNbvX sX‰ns‚ ^e-ambn kz¥w aIs\ ktlm-Z-c-\mbn

ImtW-≠n-h-cp∂ amXr-Xz-Øns‚ hnß-ep-Iƒ, kvt\ln® ]pcp-js\ hn´v as‰m-

cmsf `¿Øm-hmbn kzoI-cn-t°≠n h∂ kv{Xoa-\- ns‚ {]iv\-߃ Ch-bmWv

apJy-[m-c-sb-¶nepw A©p hb- p-Im-c-\mb A∏p-hns‚ ho£-W-tIm-Wn-eq-sS-

bmWv IY-bpsS BJym\w \n¿Δ-ln-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu cN-\m-X{¥w kzoI-cn-®-

Xp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ {]ta-b-Øn\v `mh-Xo-{hX ssIh-cn-°m≥ km[n-®p. Ipt´y-SØn

F∂ {]ikvXamb IY-bnepw IYm-\m-bn-I-bpsS k¶o¿WX \nd™ a\- mWv

{]Xn-^-en-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv F¶nepw AXv Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv {]kvXpX IYm-

]m-{X-Øns‚ t_m[m-t_m-[-X-e-ß-fn-eq-sS-b-√. _me-\mb IYm-IrØv t\cn-´-\p-

`-hn-®Xpw ]d™p tI´n-´p-≈-Xp-amb Imcy-߃ \mS-Iob kzK-Xm-Jym-\-Øns‚

a´n¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. Ccp-´ns‚ Bflmhv hmb-\-°m-c-\n¬

Akz-ÿ-X-bp-f-hm-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ AXn\p Imc-Whpw Bhn-jv°mc k{º-Zm-b-

Ønse hyXy-kvX-X-I-fm-Wv. sNdnb sNdnb `qI-º-߃ F∂ \o≠ IY-bnepw

Pm\q-´n-bpsS hnNm-c-hn-Im-c-[m-c-Iƒ CW-°n-t®¿Øn-cn-°p-∂p. A\p-`-h-{]-XoXn

H´pw tNm¿∂p-t]m-Im-ØX
- c
- Ø
- n¬ t_m[-[m-cm-co-Xn-bpsS klm-bt- ØmsS BJym-

\-Øn\v ]pXpa ]I-cm≥ FwSn \nc-¥cw {ian-°m-dp-≠v.

 185

a™nse {]ta-bw, IYm-]m-{X-krjvSn AXn\v kpL-Sn-X-cq]w \¬Im≥

klm-bn® BJym-\-X-{¥w, Ime-Øns‚ Bhn-jv°m-cw, `mjbpw _nw_-I-ev]-

\bpw F∂n-h-sb√mw hni-Z-ambn ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-°n-b-Xn¬ \n∂pw a™v ae-bm-

f-Ønse anI® t_m[-[mcm t\mh-em-sW∂v hy‡-am-Ip-∂p. hnIm-chpw Nn¥bpw

{]Xo-Ihpw Zriyhpw XΩn-ep≈ ka-RvP-k-amb kap-Zv{K-Y-\-amWv FwSn-bpsS

cN-\-Iƒ°v `mh-Zm¿Vyw ]I-cp-∂Xv F∂p a\- n-em-°mw. a™v F∂ t\mh¬

F√m A¿∞-Ønepw ]q¿W-amWv; ka-{K-hp-am-Wv. _mly-kw-`-h-ßfpw Ah-bp-

W¿Øp∂ Bi-b-ßfpw A\p-kva-c-W-ßfpw GI-Im-e-Øn¬ {]Im-in-X-am-Ip∂p

F∂-XmWv Cu t\mh-ens‚ BI¿j-Wo-b-X. ""DØ-a-amb IhnX ]cmh¿Ø\

£a-a-√m-Ø-Xp-t]mse DØ-a-amb t\mhepw ]cm-h¿Ø\w sNøm-\m-hn√'' F∂

tUhnUv temUvPns‚ {]kvXm-h\ (Language of Fiction 1966 Page 19) a™ns\

kw_-‘n®v hfsc icn-bm-Wv.25

{]ta-bw, ]m{X-kr-jvSn, BJym-\-X{¥w F∂nh ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ FwSn-

bpsS t\mh-ep-Iƒ Hmtcm∂pw Hmtcm ]co-£-W-ß-fm-sW∂p hy‡-am-Ipw. AXp-

sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Bh¿Ø-\h
- n-ck
- X A\p-`h
- s
- ∏-Sp-∂p-an-√. F∂p-am-{X-a√ Bh¿Øn-

®p≈ hmb\ ]pXnb ]pXnb A¿∞-X-e-ß-fn-te°pw cN-\m-k-t¶-X-Øns‚ hyXy-

kvX-X-bn-te°pw \sΩ Iq´ns°m≠pt]m-Ip-∂p.

sshb-‡n-I-amb ho£-W-tIm-Wn¬ \n∂p≈ BJym\w kzoI-cn-°p-∂-

Xn-\m¬ t_m[-[mcm t\mh-ep-Iƒ Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ ka-{K-Nn-{Xw ]I¿∂p

\¬Ip-∂n√ F∂v ]cs° Hcp Bt£-]-ap-≠v. F∂m¬ a™ns\ kw_-‘n®v

Cu ]cm-a¿i-Øn\v {]k-‡n-bn-√. ImcWw a™v ]I¿∂p \¬Ip∂ A\p-`-h-

{]-]©w hyXy-kvX-am-Wv. t\mh-en-Ãns‚ Bfl-kv]¿iw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ hy‡n-

Xz-amWv hnae F∂ IYm-]m-{X-Øn-\p-≈X

- v. Imev]\
- n-Ia
- mb ImØn-cn-∏ns\ t_m[-
[m-cb
- psS ]›m-Øe
- Ø
- n¬ Hcp anI® A\p-`h
- a
- m°n am‰p-Ib
- mWv FwSn sNbvXXv.
 186

t_m[-[m-cm-t\m-he
- p-Iƒ ]c-ºc
- m-KX t\mh-ep-Is
- f-t∏mse CXn-hr-ØØ
- n\v

{]m[m\yw \¬Ip-∂n-√. kmaq-lnI {]iv\-ßsf ssIImcyw sNøm-Ø-Xn-\m¬

hy‡-amb ktμiw ]I¿∂p-\¬Ip-∂-h-b√ t_m[-[m-cm-t\m-h-ep-Iƒ. Ah-bn¬

kmaq-ln-Imwiw hf-sc-Ip-d-hm-Wv, Cs√-∂p-Xs∂ ]d-bmw. hy‡n-]-c-amb A\p-`-

h-߃°pw hnNm-c-߃°p-amWv {]k-‡n. a™n¬ hna-e-bpsS am\-kn-I-hym-

]m-c-߃°mWv FwSn ÿm\w \¬In-b-Xv. cN-\bpw A\p-`-hhpw XΩn-ep≈

]c-kv]-ssc-Iy-Øns‚ I¿Ω-`m-h-amWv Cu t\mh-en-ep-≈-Xv.

]m›mXy t_m[-[mcm t\mh-ep-I-fn¬ ImWp-∂-Xp-t]m-se-bp≈ At_m-

[-a-\- ns‚ Iqew IpØn-sbm-gp-°-ep-I-sfm∂pw a™n¬ C√. hnae F∂ IYm-

]m-{X-Øns‚ ho£-WØ
- n¬ Dd-®p-\n-∂p-sIm-≠p≈ kvarXn-[m-cb
- mWv IYm-KX
- nsb

cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ km[m-cW t_m[-[mcm t\mh-ep-I-fn¬

ImWm-dp≈ Zp¿{K-lX Cu t\mh-en-en-√. t\mh-ens‚ cq]-`m-h-ßsf kzm[o-\n-

°m≥ t_m[-[mcm kt¶-X-Øn-\p≈ hiy-i‡n a™n-eqsS ho≠pw sXfn-bn-°-

s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. AtX-k-abw ]m›m-Xy-cn¬ \n∂pw kzoI-cn-®n-´p≈ BJym-\-k-

t¶-X-Øns‚ kmt¶-Xn-IXzw t\mh-ens‚ kwth-Z-\-£-a-Xbv°v hnLmXw krjvSn-

°p-∂p-an-√.

at‰-sXmcp kmln-Xy-cq-]-tØ-°mfpw a\p-jy-cn¬ kzm[o\w sNep-Øm≥

Ign-bp-∂Xv t\mh-en-\m-Wv. ImcWw Pohn-XØ
- ns‚ ka-{Km-hn-jv°c
- W
- a
- mWv AXn-

ep-≈-Xv. CXn-hr-Ø-Øns‚ Imcy-Ønepw IYm-]m-{X-Nn-{Xo-I-c-W-Ønepw BJym-

\-X-{¥-Ønepw Imem-\p-kr-X-amb am‰-߃ Dƒs°m-≈m≥ t\mh-en\p km[n-°p-

∂p. t\mh-ens‚ ]cn-Wm-a-Z-i-bnse Hcp {]tXyI L´sØ Ipdn-°p-∂-hbmWv

t_m[-[m-cm-t\m-h-ep-Iƒ. ]e-X-c-Øn¬ ]co-£-W-߃°p hnt[-b-am-bmWv

t\mh¬ C∂sØ cq]-Øn-se-Øn-t®¿∂-Xv. ae-bm-f-Ønse t\mh-ep-Iƒ ]cn-tim-

[n-®m¬ hf-sc-tbsd hyXy-kvX-X-Iƒ Dƒs°m-≈p∂ H∂mWv a™v F∂p
 187

ImWmw. IYm-]m-{X-ß-fpsS _mly-kw-L¿j-ßsf Ah-K-Wn®v B¥-cn-I-kw-

L¿j-߃°pw hy‡y-\p-`h
- ß
- ƒ°p-amWv FwSn Cu t\mh-en¬ {]mapJyw \¬In-

b-Xv. Ime-L´- t- ØmSv kwh-Zn-°p-∂Xpw ktμ-iß

- ƒ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂X
- p-amb t\mh-
ep-Iƒ ]cn-N-bn® hmb-\-°m¿°v Cu t\mh¬ Hcp ]pXnb A\p-`-h-am-bn-cp-∂p.

_‘-ß-fpsS _‘-\-ß-fn¬s∏´p-g-ep∂ IYm-]m-{X-ßfpw kmaq-lnI {]iv\-ß-

tfmSv {]Xn- I - c n- ° p∂ IYm- ] m- { X- ß fpw \nd™ t\mh¬ temI- Ø n- t e°v

sshb‡nIm\p-`h
- ß
- f
- n¬ A`n-ca
- n-°p∂ IYm-]m-{X-߃ IS-∂p-h∂
- p. Ime-Øn\p

kq£n-°m≥ th≠n Pohn-X-Øns‚ Akp-e-`-ap-lq¿Ø-Øn¬ AkvXnXzw Is≠-

Ønb hna-e-bpsS a\- ns‚ hmXm-b-\-߃ Xpd∂p ImWn-°p-I-bmWv FwSn

sNbvXv. CXv ae-bm-f-t\m-h¬ Ncn-{X-Øn¬ Hcp \hym-\p-`-h-am-bn-cp-∂p.

t_m[-[mcm t\mh-ep-Iƒ Bghpw ]c-∏p-ap-≈-h-bm-Wv. Ah-bnse IYm-

]m-{X-ß-fm-Is´ k¶o¿W-hy-‡n-Xz-ap-≈-h-cm-bn-cn-°pw. a™n¬ ]c∏v Ipd-hm-

sW-¶nepw Bg-ap-≠v. \n¿hn-Im-cbpw AtX-k-abw Poh- p-‰-Xp-amb hnae F∂

IYm-]m-{XsØ Gsd angn-hp-‰-Xm-°m≥ FwSnbv°v klm-b-I-am-bXv am\-kn-Im-]-

{KY\am-Wv. t_m[-[m-c-bpsS klm-b-tØmsS FwSn Cu Imev]-\nIt\mh-ens\

Hcp [z\n-Im-hy-am°nam‰n. a™n¬ hna-e-bpsS sNdpXpw hep-Xp-amb Aº-Xn-

tesd t_m[-[m-c-Iƒ t\mh-enÃv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. AXn-eqsS CXn-hr-Ø-Øn\v

hy‡X \¬Im≥ t\mh-en-Ãn\p Ign-™p. hyXykvX t_m[-[m-c-I-fn-eqsS

k¶o¿Whpw Aaq¿Ø-hp-amb Nne hy‡n-Xz-ß-sfbpw Nn¥m-i-I-e-ß-tfbpw ]cn-

N-b-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ t\mh-en-Ãn\p km[n-®p.

XnI®pw ]pXpa Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sm-hp∂ CXn-hr-Øtam ÿqe-amb hnh-c-W-

ßtfm kw`-h]
- c
- º
- c
- I
- tfm ISpØ \nd-°q-´p-Itfm H∂pw-Xs∂ Cu sNdnb t\mh-

en-en-√. Imap-I-\m¬ Xnc-kvIr-X-bmb hnae F∂ ap∏-Xp-Imcn Hº-Xp-h¿j-ambn

\bn-°p∂ GIm-¥P
- o-hn-Xs
- Ø-bmWv t\mh-enÃv ]n¥p-S¿∂-Xv. inYn-ea
- mb IpSpw-
 188

_-_-‘-ßfpw H‰-s∏´ tlmì Pohn-Xhpw hna-ebv°p kΩm-\n® at\m-hy-Y-I-

fmWv t_m[-{]-hm-l-Øn\v B[m-cw. hna-e-bpsS Pohn-X-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ hnc-

en-se-Æm-hp∂ IYm-]m-{X-ßfpw B IYm-]m-{X-߃°v Pohn-X-tØm-Sp≈ ho£-

W-hp-sa√mw AS-ßp∂XmWv a™ns‚ {]ta-bw. {]ta-bØn¬ ]pXpa Ah-Im-

i-s∏-Sm-hp∂ H∂pw-X-s∂-bn-√. F∂n´pw Cu t\mh¬ ae-bm-f-km-ln-Xy-Øn¬

\nXy-\q-X\X Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂-Xns‚ GI-Im-cWw CsXmcp t_m[-[m-cm-t\m-

h¬ BWv F∂-Xp-Xs
- ∂. Bhn-jv°c
- W
- c
- o-Xn-bnse \ho-\X
- b
- mWv AXn\v klm-

b-I-am-b-Xv. F¨]Xp t]Pp-Iƒ am{Xw hcp∂ Cu t\mh¬ al-Ømb Hcp Iem-

kr-jvSn-bm°n am‰n-bX
- n¬ t_m[-[m-cm-kt- ¶Xw kp{]-[m-\a
- mb ]¶p hln-®n-´p≠v.
 189

Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ

1. -_me-N-{μ≥, hS-t°-SØv. hmb-\-bpsS D]-\n-j-Øv. tIm´bw : Un.-kn.-_p-Ivkv,

1999, ]pdw 89.
2. hmkp-tZ-h≥\m-b¿, Fw.-Sn. a™v. Xriq¿ : Id‚ v _pIvkv, ]pdw 27.
3. AXn¬Ø-s∂, ]pdw 59.
4. AXn¬Ø-s∂, ]pdw 62.
5. AXn¬Ø-s∂, ]pdw 53.
6. AXn¬Ø-s∂, ]pdw 67.
7. AK-Ãn≥ tPmk^v, sI. B[p-\n-IX ae-bm-f-t\m-h-en¬. Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw :
tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v, 1997, ]pdw 66.
8. hmkp-tZ-h≥\m-b¿, Fw.-Sn. a™v. Xriq¿ : Id‚ v _pIvkv, ]pdw 21.
9. AXn¬Ø-s∂, ]pdw 49.
10. AXn¬Ø-s∂, ]pdw 49.
11. A∏≥, sI.-]n. amdp∂ ae-bm-f-t\m-h¬. Be-∏pg : KuXa ]ªn-t°-j≥kv, 1997,
]pdw 31.
12. hmkp-tZ-h≥\m-b¿, Fw.-Sn. a™v. Xriq¿ : Id‚ v _pIvkv, ]pdw 35.
13. AXn¬Ø-s∂, ]pdw 61.
14. AXn¬Ø-s∂, ]pdw 59.
15. AK-Ãn≥ tPmk^v, sI. B[p-\n-IX ae-bm-f-t\m-h-en¬. Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw :
tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v, 1997, ]pdw 68.
16. Freedman, Ralph. The Lyrical Novel. United States of America, 1966, page 18.
17. hmkp-tZ-h≥\m-b¿, Fw.-Sn. a™v. Xriq¿ : Id‚ v _pIvkv, ]pdw 63.
18. AXn¬Ø-s∂, ]pdw 24.
19. AXn¬Ø-s∂, ]pdw 80.
20. AXn¬Ø-s∂, ]pdw 20, 33, 35.
21. Hcp-kwLw teJ-I¿. FwSn-bpsS k¿K-{]-]-©w. Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw : tÉv C≥Ãn-
‰yq´v Hm^v emwtKz-Pv, 1997, ]pdw 18.
22. A∏≥, sI.-]n. ka-b-{]-hm-lhpw kmln-Xy-I-e-bpw. tIm´bw : Un.-kn.-_p-Ivkv,
1996, ]pdw 131.
23. tXmakv amXyp, Fw. Fs‚ hevao-I-sa-hnsS. tIm´bw : Fkv.-]n.-kn.-F-kv., 1980,
]pdw 114.
24. hmkp-tZ-h≥\m-b¿, Fw.-Sn. a™v. Xriq¿ : Id‚ v _pIvkv, ]pdw 36.
25. Lodge, David. Language of Fiction, 1966, Page 19.