KEY CONCEPTS ON CULTURE, SOCIETY, AND and author known for his significant body of work

POLITICS within the field of Philippine Anthropology, and

for documenting and translating the Hinilawod, a
Anthropology
Western Visayan folk epic.
 Based on etymology, comes from the
 His eminence within the field of Philippine
Greek words Anthropos which means
anthropology was widely recognized
“man” and logos which means “science or
during his lifetime, with National Artist F.
study of.”
Sionil Jose dubbing him "the country’s first
 A discipline of infinite curiosity about
and foremost cultural anthropologist"
human beings.
 Jocano served as Professor Emeritus at
 They seek to discover when, where, and
the Asian Center of the University of the
why humans appeared on earth.
Philippines and Executive Director of
 They look at how humans have changed
PUNLAD Research House, Inc. and a
since then.
professor in University of the Philippines.
 A branch of knowledge which deals with
 He has authored numerous books on
the scientific study of man,
various aspects of Filipino Society and
 his/her works, behavior, and value in time
Culture.
and space.
Clifford Geertz
Biological/Physical Anthropology
23 August 1926 - 30 October 2006
A study that focuses on the genetics of
different groups today and throughout history,  He was an American anthropologist who
health, and human evolution. earned fame for his work on symbolic (or
interpretive) anthropology.
Cultural Anthropology
 His unique focus was to analyze not just
Explores the diversity of human ways of the form of cultural objects, but what
life, how they work, how they change, and how those objects meant to specific groups of
they interrelate in the modern world. people.
 His field work led to his theory that
Linguistic Anthropology
“things” within a culture can hold
Examines the structure and diversity of important symbolic meaning and help to
language and related human communication form perspectives about the surrounding
systems. It deals with the way languages develop, world.
interact, and change.  This can be seen in his often-cited essay
“Deep Play: Notes on the Balinese
Applied Anthropology
Cockfight” in which Geertz describes the
Emphasizes how the theories, techniques intricate symbolic meaning of the cock
and methods of anthropology can be employed fighting in Bali, how it represents cultural
to facilitate stability or change and solve ideas of masculinity and even how it
problems in real world situations. creates a sort of microcosmic
representation of their society.
Notable 21st Century Anthropologists
How significant is Anthropology in the study of
F. Landa Jocano
culture, society, and politics?
the country’s first and foremost cultural
anthropologist  To learn where the human kind came
from, where we are going to, and
Felipe Landa Jocano (February 5, 1930 – October especially, where we are not going to.
27, 2013) was a Filipino anthropologist, educator,
  We can conclude that we are survivors of social relations and the disruption that may occur
many thousand years of evolution and in the society.
such survival has improved the human
 Deals with the study of current social
behavior, and human societies to
problems in society such as juvenile
strengthen and bestowed us many
delinquency, criminality, drug addiction,
capabilities that would help us to adapt to
family conflicts, divorce, population
the modern world.
problems and other related subjects.
 Society, Culture and Politics is a broad
topic but if we can narrow it down in POPULATION OR DEMOGRAPHY - the study of
terms of studying Anthropology, then we population number, composition, and quality as
can focus more on the human changes they influence the economic, political and social
and how human behavior adapts to the system.
current generation through the
Notable 21st Century Sociologists
development of norms, values of society
and how language affects the human way Walden Flores Bello
of life.
 is a Filipino academic, environmentalist,
Sociology and social worker who served as a
member of the House of Representatives
 Based on etymology, comes from the
of the Philippines.
word socius which means “group of
 He is a professor of sociology and public
partners” and logos which means “science
administration at the University of the
or study of.”
Philippines Diliman, as well as executive
 Sociology deals with the study of groups.
director of Focus on the Global South.
 According to H. Fichter, “sociology is the
 Capitalism’s Last Stand? Deglobalization in
scientific study of patterned, shared
the Age of Austerity (2013)
human behavior”.
 The Anti-Development State: The Political
 Deals with the study of group life.
Economy of Permanent Crisis in the
Areas of Sociology Philippines (2006), with co-authors
Herbert Docena, Marissa de Guzman, and
SOCIAL ORGANIZATION- covers the study of
Mary Lou Malig
various social institutions, social groups, social
 Deglobalization: Ideas for a New World
stratification, social mobility, bureaucracy, ethnic
Economy: Global Issues (2005)
groups and relations, and other related subjects.
 The Food Wars (2009)
 Topics like the family, education, politics,
Daniel Bell
religion, and economy are studied in this
area. (1919-2011)
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY- deals with the study of  was an American sociologist writer, editor,
human nature as an outcome of group life, social and professor at Harvard University, best
attitudes, collective behavior and personality known for his contributions to the study
formation. of post-industrialism.
 He has been described as "one of the
 It deals with the group of life and the
leading American intellectuals of the post-
individual’s traits, attitudes and beliefs as
war era." His three best known works are
influenced by group life.
The End of Ideology, The Coming of Post-
 It views man with reference to group life.
Industrial Society and The Cultural
SOCIAL CHANGE AND DISORGANIZATION - Contradictions of Capitalism.
includes the study of the change in culture and
  He is the primary thought leader in the
field of post industrialism, a concept that
defines a society that has developed to a
point where the service sector generates
more wealth than the manufacturing
sector.
 In such a society, the economy refocuses
on providing services (like legal, science,
IT, business, etc.) instead of goods;
knowledge becomes a form of capital; the
production of new ideas becomes the
primary way to grow the economy
(instead of increasing the amount of
goods produced by increasing manual
labor); and society becomes more capable
of supporting a thriving creative culture,
thanks to nuanced changes in education.
 Bell popularized the concept in his 1973
book, “The Coming of the Post-Industrial
Society.”
Pierre Bourdieu
(1930-2002)
 established what he called the “cultural
deprivation theory,” which states that
people tend to think higher class cultures
are better than lower class cultures.
 As a result, members of the higher classes
believe that members of the lower classes
are to blame for their children’s
shortcomings in learning and
advancement.
 The ruling classes have the power to
impose meaning, to instate their own
cultural choices as “correct,” to declare
their culture as worthy of being sought.
But he cautioned that people should not
assume higher classes are necessarily
better; He blamed the education system,
not the values of the working class, for the
gaps in the academic achievements of
children (a theory that has gained
traction, even after Bourdieu’s death).
 His most famous work is 1979’s
“Distinction: A Social Critique of the
Judgment of Taste.”
How significant is Sociology in the study of
culture, society, and politics?
 To know how humans have operated, are
operating, and should operate, which
became our trump card for survival.
 To understand how to be one with our
fellow humans and learn from the
mistakes of the past.
Political Science
“The method of political science is the
interpretation of life; its instruments insight, a
nice understanding of subtle, unformulated
conditions” --- Woodrow Wilson
Focuses on the theory and practice of
government and politics at the local, state,
national and international levels.
 Dedicated to developing understandings
of institutions, practices and relations that
constitute public life and modes of inquiry
that promote citizenship.
 It seeks to analyze and predict critical
issues that affect our lives every day,
including globalization, terrorism, climate
change, civil rights and diplomacy
Andrew Heywood presents four views of politics
as:
• Affairs of the state
• Public affairs
• Conflict and compromise
• Power
Branches of Political Science
1. Political Theory or Political Philosophy
concepts & principles used to analyse
political events & institutions. ---- is the
study of topics such as politics, liberty,
justice, property, rights, law, and the
enforcement of laws by authority.
2. Comparative Politics
is the study of various political systems. In
other words, comparative politics is the
 study of the domestic politics, political
institutions, and conflicts of countries.
3. International Relations
explain how international systems work. It
is either a field of political science, an
interdisciplinary academic field like global
studies, or an entirely independent
academic discipline in which students take
a variety of internationally focused
courses in
social science and humanities disciplines.
4. Political Behaviour
explains the influences that defines a
person's political views, ideology, & levels
of participation. A major form of political
behaviour is political participation.
5. Public Policy
gov't maintains order & addresses the
needs of its citizens. One example of
public policy the no smoking in public
areas.
6. Public Administration
field of service that maintains a civil
society & provides for the needs of the
public. In academia, the field of public
administration consists of several sub-
fields. Scholars have proposed several
different sets of sub-fields. One of the
proposed models uses five "pillars":
Organizational theory in public
administration, Ethics in public
administration, Policy analysis, Public
budgeting, and Human Resource
Management.
Notable 21st Century Political Scientists
Miriam Defensor Santiago
(15 June 1945 – 29 September 2016)
“Best president the Philippines never had"
Contributions:
 Santiago on Federalism
Santiago is not in favor of Federalism, stating in
one interview that, "The masses and the entire
electorate will not choose who the president will
be. We leave that choice to a group of politicians,
and we know how those politicians act. Mostly,
their actions are always attended by corruption.”
 Charter Change
Defensor Santiago was in favor of amending the
Constitution of the Philippines to enhance foreign
investments in the country and to mandate that
all high posts in government (senator,
congressperson, president, vice president,
governor, mayor, vice mayor, secretaries,
undersecretaries, etc.) should have additional
qualifications which are 'a college graduate' and
must pass a duly-accredited government
examination.
 Anti-political dynasty
Defensor Santiago was the principal author of the
Anti-Dynasty Bill in the Senate and had been
pushing for its immediate passage in Congress for
more than a decade. Unfortunately, most of the
congresspersons in the House of Representatives,
which are the bulk of Filipino politicians, are not
in favor of its passage because they are part of
political dynasties.
Aristotle (384-322 BCE)
 is known as the father of political science.
Aristotle was a Greek philosopher who
wrote on a wide range of subjects,
including natural science, poetry, ethics
and geology.
 He is called the father of political science
largely because of his work entitled
Politics.
Niccolò Machiavelli
 the First Modern Political Scientist, and
The Prince, the First Major Work of
Modern Political Philosophy.
 Niccolò Machiavelli can be considered the
father of modern political science, and his
book The Prince one of the first works of
modern political philosophy (if not just
modern philosophy).
Benjamin R. Barber (August 2, 1939 - April 24.
2017)
  Barber was an American political theorist to ensure the stable and progressive
and author, perhaps best known for his functioning of the democracy.
1995 bestseller, Jihad vs. McWorld, and  A good education of Political Science
for 2013's If Mayors Ruled the World as makes us better citizens thereby
well as the classic of democratic theory, strengthening the roots of this democratic
1984's Strong Democracy (revised in nation.
2004).
How significant is the Discipline in Politics?
 He became a top-level international
consultant on participatory democracy as • understand the individual or citizen relations to
well as an adviser to Bill Clinton, Howard state
Dean, and Muammar Gaddafi.
• understand the current political problems and
How significant is Political Science in the study find solution
of culture, society, and politics?
• be conscious of our rights and obligations
 Political science relates to the study of
• attain information about international law,
"political culture" which refers to
international legislation
historically-based, widely shared beliefs,
feelings, and values about the nature of and maintenance of world peace and
political systems, which can serve as a link international brotherhood.
between citizens and government.
• to be vigilant and develop a spirit of
 Different countries have different political
cooperation, adjustment and tolerance
cultures, which can help us understand
how and why their governments are • understand and prevent misuse of power of
organized in a certain way, why government
democracies succeed or fail, or why some
• Safeguard our liberty
countries still have monarchies.
Understanding our own political culture
can also provide clues to political
relationships, such as those we share with
each other or our governments.
 Political science helps in studying society
because it develops the learner’s capacity
to engage in reflective and active
citizenship informed by the insights and
skills of social and political sciences. For
example, is when we register our name to
vote for the upcoming election political
science promotes willingness to play an
active role in the society
 A basic knowledge of Political Science
helps us understand the government and
its processes in a better way. As well-
informed citizens, we would be able to
participate in a cooperative and
constructive way with the governmental
institutions for building up of a healthy
state. Such political literacy is particularly
important in a country like the Philippines