Precision Measurement

I. Objectives:

To develop skills in precision measurement through the verifications of

(a) the value of pi,

(b) mass density of the metal, and

(c) pythagorean theorem.

II. Materials :

Vernier Caliper, Triple Beam Blance, Cylinder, Metal ball, Paper tape and Ruler

III. Procedure

A. Verification of value of Pi:

To get the value o pi, datas are important as a pre-requisit. First, I measured the
Circumference of the cylinder. The paper tape is winded around the cylinder,
marking the point on the tape which matches with one end and lay it on the ruler
to measure the distance covered from one end to the other. Record in the data.
The Diameter (external measurement) of the cylinder is needed and is measured
using the vernier caliper. Closing the jaws lightly on the cylinder and make sure
that the axis of the object is perpendicular to the caliper. This is necessary to
ensure that you are measuring the full diameter. I ignore the top scale, which is
calibrated in inches and I used the bottom scale, which is in metric units.
 B. Verification of the Mass Densiy

To get the mass density of the metal, I used the triple beam balance to weigh its
mass. The metal should be placed on the pan then balance my moving the
weights. Make sure that the balance pointer points at zero. Read the measurement
through what is seen in beams. The diameter (polar and equatorial) of the metal
ball was also measured with the vernier caliper in the same manner.

C. Verification of the Pythagorean theorem

I constructed my own Right Triangle, three sided shape with one angle that
measures 90 degrees by the use of protactor. Measure the three sides of the
triangle and simply substitute to the equation. Verify.

IV. Diagrams

(A)

Cylinder winded on paper tape

 Marked paper tape measured on ruler

Cylinder’s diameter on vernier caliper

(B)

Metal ball on triple beam balance

 Metal ball’s polar diameter

Metal ball’s equatorial

diameter

(C)

Right angle through a protactor

Right Triangle:
V. Data

A. Value of Pi:

Circumferene (C) = 6 cm
Diameter (D) = 1.9 cm
Experimental Pi = 3.1579
Accepted Pi = 3.1416
Percentage of Error = -0.5179 %

B. Mass Density of the Metal:

Mass (m) = 22.8 g

Average Diameter (D) = 2.5 cm
Radius (r) = 1.25 cm
Volume (v) = 8.18
Experimental Mass Density (de) = 2.8g/cm3
Accepted Mass Density (da) = 2.7g/cm
Percentage of Error = -3 %

C. Pythagorean Theorem:

Measured side a = 4.8 cm

Measured side b = 3.9 cm
Measured hypotenuse (c) = 6.2 cm
Computed hypotenuse (c) = 38.44
Percentage of Difference = 0.52 %
VI. Computations

A.

C 6 cm
π e = D = 1.9 cm = 3. 1579

% of Error = π α −¿π ¿ / πa x 100

e

3.1416−3. 15 7 9
= 3.1416 x 100

= - 0.05179 %

B.
DP = 2.45 cm
De = 2.55 cm

D(average) = DP + De / 2
2.45 cm+2.55 cm
=
2

= 2.5 cm

r(average) = D(average) / 2
2.5 cm
=
2

= 1.25 cm
Volume

4 3
V(sphere) = πr
3

4
= (3.1416) (1.25)3
3

4
= (3.1416) (1.95)
3

4
= (6.14)
3

24.56
=
3

= 8.18

m
d=
V

22.8 g 3
=
18.8 cm

2.8 g
=
cm3

C.
c 2 = a2 + b2

(6.2)2 = (4.8)2 + (3.9)2

38.44 = 23. 04 + 15. 21

38.44 = 38. 24
 ¿ c−¿ c
% of Difference = ¿c
x 100
38.44−38.24
= x 100
38.44

= o.52 %