Experiment Title.

Student Name: Piyush Parvatiyar UID:20BCS1516

Branch: Bachelor Of Engineering (Computer Science & Engineering) Section/Group:20BCS5A
/Semester: First Date of Performance:23/09/2020
Subject Name: BASIC ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING LAB Subject Code: 20ELP-112

1. Aim: To verify Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) and study its limitations.

2. Apparatus:

S.No. Equipment Name Specifications and Quantity in

ratings no.s
1 DC Supply 12V 1
2 Digital voltmeter 0-10V 6
3 Resistors Of different values 6
4 Connecting wires As per requirement
3. Circuit Diagram:
4. Steps for experiment:

1.     The circuit is connected as shown in the above Fig.

2.     The voltage of DC supply was set at 12 V DC supply.

3.     Different values of R to R were taken and readings of V to V were noted down.

1 6 1 6

4.     Accordingly, only one set of readings was taken at 12 V DC supply.

5. Calculations/Theorems /Formulas used etc

Kirchhoff’s laws are used to determine the current and voltage in different branches of an electric circuit which
may not be easily solved by Ohm’s law. These laws are applicable to both AC and DC circuits.

 Statement of Kirchhoff’s Second Law or Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) or Mesh Law:

In any closed path (mesh or loop) of an electric circuit, the algebraic sum of the product of current and
resistance in each of the conductors plus the algebraic sum of electromotive forces (EMFs) in that closed path is
zero.

i.e.∑IR + ∑emf =0 (1)

Where IR = Potential drop across the resistor

emf = Potential of battery used in the circuit

∑= Algebraic sum

Algebraic sum means we have to consider the sign convention. A rise in potential is considered as positive,
while a fall in potential is considered as negative. However, if the chosen loop direction is opposite to the flow
of branch current as shown in Fig. 1 (b), the fall in potential will be existing due to current flow, but the polarity
of the voltage across the element will be taken as positive instead of negative.

Applying KVL in loop ABGH, V = I1 R1 + I 4 R4 or V = V1 + V4

Applying KVL in loop BCFG, V4= I 2 R2 + I 5 R5 or V4= V2+ V5

Applying KVL in loop CDEF, V5= I 36 R3 + I 36 R6 orV5 = V3 + V6

Calculations are done for all the readings being taken using Eq. (3), (4) and (5) to be applied in respective loops

6. Observations/Discussions:

Sr.No Voltmeter Voltmeter Voltmeter Voltmeter Voltmeter Voltmeter

V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6
1. 3.68V 3.19V 1.71 8.32V 5.13V 3.42V
V=12V D

8. Result/Output/Writing Summary:
The difference in comparison of theoretical and calculated values should be analyzed, and the resulting difference if
any, in both sets of readings is likely due to various sources of error mentioned in Section 1C.9. The percent error in
calculated and theoretical values for V = V1 + V4, V2= V5 - V4 and V3= V6 - V5 is found to be ____, _____ and ____.
From these values, it is seen that error involved is very small and thus, KVL is verify

Sr.No Calculated Values Theoretical Values

1. V=V1+V4 V2= V4-V5 V3=V5-V6 V V2 V3
12V 3.19V 1.71V 12V 3.19V 1.71V

Hence no error
Evaluation Grid:

Sr. No. Parameters Marks Obtained Maximum Marks

1. Worksheet completion including writing 10
learning objectives/Outcomes.(To be
submitted at the end of the day).
2. Post Lab Quiz Result. 5
3. Student Engagement in 5
Simulation/Demonstration/Performance
and Controls/Pre-Lab Questions.
Signature of Faculty (with Date): Total Marks Obtained: