Experiment -1

Student Name: Nayanika Baweja UID: 20BCS5348

Branch: CSE Section/Group: 20/C
Semester: 2nd Date of Performance: Feb 26, 2021
Subject Name: BEEE lab Subject Code: 20ELT-151

1. Aim:
To verify Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) and study its limitations.

2. Apparatus:

S. No. Equipment Specifications Quantity in nos.

1 Multimeter 0-2A 4
2 Resistor Of different values 4
3 Battery 9V 1
4 Breadboard 1 Solderless breadboard
5 Connecting wires As per requirement

3.Theory:

Statement of Kirchhoff’s First Law or Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) or Point Law:
It states that the algebraic sum of all the currents meeting at a junction or a node in any electric
circuit at any instant is zero. Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) is Kirchhoff's first law that deals
with the conservation of charge entering and leaving a junction. The current law states that for a
parallel path the total current entering a circuit junction is exactly equal to the total current
leaving the same junction.
From above diagram we can say that:
𝐼1 + 𝐼2 + 𝐼6 = 𝐼3 + 𝐼4 + 𝐼5
4. Circuit Diagram:

5. Steps for experiment:

1. The circuit is connected as shown in the above Fig.

2. The voltage of DC supply was set at 9 V DC supply.
3. Different values of 𝑅1 to 𝑅4 were taken and readings of 𝐼1 to 𝐼4 were noted down.
4. Accordingly, only one set of readings was taken at 9 V DC supply.
5. The observations were recorded in Table.
6. Calculations & Observations:
Resistances used in the circuit:

𝑅1 = 20 𝑚𝛺 , 𝑅2 = 20𝑚𝛺 , 𝑅3 = 20𝑚𝛺 , 𝑅4 = 20𝑚𝛺

S. NO. Voltmeter V Ammeter 𝐼1 Ammeter 𝐼2 (A) Ammeter 𝐼3 (A) Ammeter 𝐼4 (A)

(DC) (A)
1. 9V 5.87 1.96 1.96 3.91

Applying KCL at junction B:

𝐼1 = 𝐼2 + 𝐼4
5.87 A = 1.96 A + 3.91 A

Applying KCL at junction E:

𝐼1 = 𝐼3 + 𝐼4
5.87 A = 1.96 A + 3.91 A

7. Result:

As per Kirchhoff’s Current Law, the theoretical and calculated values of algebraic sum of
currents are compared as shown in Table:

S .NO Calculated values of Current(I) Theoretical values of Current(I)

01 I1=I2+ I4 I1=I3+ I4 I1=I2+ I4 I1=I3+ I4

5.87 A= 1.96 A 5.87 A= 1.96 A 5.87 A= 1.96 A 5.87 A= 1.96 A

+3.91 A +3.91 A +3.91 A +3.91 A

5.87 A=5.87 A 5.87 A=5.87 A 5.87 A=5.87 A 5.87 A=5.87 A

8. Conclusion:

The difference in comparison of theoretical and calculated values should be analyzed and
resulting difference if any, in both sets of readings is likely due to various sources of error
mentioned. From observation Table, it is seen that error involved is very small that is equal to
zero and thus, KCL is verified.
Learning outcomes (What I have learnt):

● New instruments like breadboard and multimeter

● Doing lab practicals virtually
● Circuit making
● Something related to theory part like some
● Kirchhoff’s laws help to evaluate current in all branches of circuit.
● These are used to overcome the problem of complexity of the circuit.
● Kirchhoff's laws are used to help us in understanding how voltage and current
work within a circuit

Evaluation Grid:

Sr. No. Parameters Marks Obtained Maximum Marks

1. Worksheet completion including writing 10

learning objectives/Outcomes.(To be
submitted at the end of the day).
2. Post Lab Quiz Result. 5
3. Student Engagement in 5
Simulation/Demonstration/Performance
and Controls/Pre-Lab Questions.
Signature of Faculty (with Date): Total Marks Obtained: