ngsjpftpay;

ntg;gk; ,lk;khWk;
Kiwfs;
(Transfer of heat)
juk; - 12, 13

Nju;r;rp kl;lk; - 4.9

ntg;gkhdJ gpd;tUk; Kiwfspy; ,lk;khWk;

flj;jy;

Nkw;fhTif
fjpu;tPry;

ntg;gf;flj;jy;

xU Gs;spapy; ,Ue;J ,d;DnkhU Gs;spf;F Clfj;jpd; Jzpf;iffs; nry;yhky;>

%yf;$Wfspd; mjpu;T fhuzkhf ntg;gkhdJ ,lk;khWk; Kiw ntg;gf;flj;jy; vdg;gLk;.

gdpf;fl;b gdpf;fl;b
nfhjpePuhtp + ePu; nfhjpePuhtp + ePu;

cNyhff;Nfhy;
fhtw;fl;L (gQ;R)
nfhjpePuhtp nfhjpePuhtp

cU I cU II

njhFg;G : jpU S . fhz;Bguh[h> Mrpupau;; - ngsjpftpay; (ah/aho; ,e;J kfspH fy;Y}up> aho;g;ghzk;)
fzpdp tbtikg;G : jpU Nrh.epNuh[d;> Mrpupau; - j.njh.njh (t/xYkL m.j.f ghlrhiy, tTdpah)
juk; - 12, 13

eP s khd cNyhff; N fhy; xd; w pd; xU Kid nfhjpeP u htpahy; R+lhf; f g; g l; L mjd; kWKid
( gdpf; f l; b + eP u ; ) fyitahy; Fspu; t pf; f g; g Lfpd; w J. eP s k; topNa Jisf; f g; g l; l
JisfSf;Fs; ntg;gkhdpfs; itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
cWjp epiyapy; ntg;gkhdpfs; thrpg;G cU I ,y; fhl;bathW mikAk;.

,U me; j q; f Sk; jtpu Nfhypd; Vida Nkw; g ug; G f; f s; ntg; g ,og; G Vw; g lhjthW ed; F
fhtw;fl;blg;gLkhapd; cWjp epiyapy; ntg;gkhdpfspd; thrpg;Gf;fs; cU II ,y; fhl;bathW
mikAk;.

Nfhypd; vy; y hg; Gs; s pfspYk; itf; f g; g l; l ntg; g khdpfspd; ntg; g epiy khwhJ ,Ue; j hy;
mf;Nfhy; cWjp epiyapy; cs;sJ vdg;gLk;.

ntg;g flj;jypw;fhd R+j;jpuk;

1 dQ
-----
2
A
dt

ntg;gf;fhty; 1   2

cWjp epiyapy;
dQ
ntg;g gha;r;ry; tPjk; ------ MdJ
dt
(1) ntg;g gha;r;rYf;F nrq;Fj;jhd FWf;Fntl;L gug;gpw;F Neu;tpfpj rkd; MFk;

dQ
------ α A
dt

njhFg;G : jpU S . fhz;Bguh[h> Mrpupau;; - ngsjpftpay; (ah/aho; ,e;J kfspH fy;Y}up> aho;g;ghzk;)
fzpdp tbtikg;G : jpU Nrh.epNuh[d;> Mrpupau; - j.njh.njh (t/xYkL m.j.f ghlrhiy, tTdpah)
juk; - 12, 13

(2) Nfhy; topNaahd ntg;gepiyg; gbj;jpwDf;F Neu;tpfpj rkdhFk;.

dQ 1   2
------ α -------------
dt L

dQ 1   2
------ α A -------------
dt L

dQ 1   2
------ α KA -------------
dt L
,q;F Nfhy; Mf;fg;gl;l jputpaj;jpd; jd;ikapy; jq;fpAs;s khwpyp
ntg;gf;flj;jhW MFk;.

ntg;gf;flj;jhW - Thermal Conductivity

ntg;gepiy gbj;jpwd; Xuyfhf cs;s ,lj;Jf;F ntg;g gha;r;ry; jpirf;F nrq;Fj;jhd
XuyF gug;gpDs; ntg;g gha;r;ry; tPjk; mj;jputpaj;jpd; ntg;gf;flj;jhW (K)vdg;gLk;.

K - ,d; myF :- Wm-1 K-1

Nkw;fhTif my;yJ cld;fhTif ( convection )

xU Gs;spapy; ,Ue;J ,d;DNkhu; Gs;spf;F Clfj;jpdJ Jzpf;iffs; nry;tjd; fhuzkhf

ntg;gkhdJ ,lk;khWfpd;w Kiw Nkw;fhTif my;yJ cld;fhTif vdg;gLk;.

,J jputq;fspYk; thAf;fspYk; kl;LNk epfOk;. jpz;kq;fspy; ,k;Kiw ,lk;ngwhJ.

Note :- cld;fhTiffspdhy; nghUs; FspUk; NghJ ntg;g ,og;G tPjkhdJ Nkyjpf

ntg;gepiyapy; jq;fpapUf;Fk;.
5
dQ dQ ----
,ay;ghd cld;fhTif ---- α ----- α (  R ) 4

dt dt

typj;j cld;fhTif dQ dQ
---- α ------ α (  R )
dt dt

njhFg;G : jpU S . fhz;Bguh[h> Mrpupau;; - ngsjpftpay; (ah/aho; ,e;J kfspH fy;Y}up> aho;g;ghzk;)
fzpdp tbtikg;G : jpU Nrh.epNuh[d;> Mrpupau; - j.njh.njh (t/xYkL m.j.f ghlrhiy, tTdpah)
juk; - 12, 13

Nkw;fhTif

fjpu;g;G ( Radiation )
xU Gs; s papy; ,Ue; J ,d; D nkhU Gs; s pf; F Clfj; j pdJ Jzpf; i ffs; nry; y hky;
Clfj;jpdJ cjtpapd;wp ntg;gkhdJ ,lk;khWfpd;w Kiw ntg;gf;fjpu;g;G vdg;gLk;.

dQ
Note :- fjpu;g;gpdhy; ntg;gk; ,of;fg;gLk; tPjk; ------ MdJ.
dt

dQ
------ α A ( #oYf;F ntspf;fhl;lg;gl;l Nkw;gug;gpd; msT )
dt

α (    R ) ( Nkyjpf ntg;gepiy )
dQ
------ α A ( R )
dt

dQ
------ α eA (    R ) e - fhty;jpwd;
dt

njhFg;G : jpU S . fhz;Bguh[h> Mrpupau;; - ngsjpftpay; (ah/aho; ,e;J kfspH fy;Y}up> aho;g;ghzk;)
fzpdp tbtikg;G : jpU Nrh.epNuh[d;> Mrpupau; - j.njh.njh (t/xYkL m.j.f ghlrhiy, tTdpah)
juk; - 12, 13

vspjpw; flj;jp xd;wpd; ntg;gf; flj;jhW Jzpjy; (Nrspd; Kiw - Searl’s method)

khwh
mKf;fj;njhl;b

khwh
mKf;fj;njhl;bapypUe;J
Fspu;ePu;

nfhjpePuhtp T3 T4
cl;Gf
T1 T2

d L
#lhd ePu;
nfhjpePuhtp
ntspNaw

Kjypy; cgfuzj;jpd; gyifg; ngl;biaj; jpwe;J ntg;gf; flj;jhW Jzpag;gl Ntz;ba Nfhypd;
tpl; lkhdJ > Ntzpau; fUtpiag; gad; g Lj; j p JzptJld; > T1, T2 ntg; g khdpfs; ,lg; g l; l
JisfSf;fpilg;gl;l J}uj;ij Ntzpau; ,Lf;Fkhdpia gad;gLj;jp msf;fg;gLk;.

ntg;gf;fhty; Vw;gLk; tifapy; gyifg; ngl;bahdJ %lg;gl;L T1, T2 ntg;gkhdpfs; ,lg;gl;l

JisfSf;F rpwpjsT ,urk; tplg;gl;L ehd;F ntg;gkhdpfSk; glj;jpy; fhl;bathW nghUj;jg;gLk;.

nfhjpePuhtpahy; mij epuk;g papUf;fj;jf;fthW nghwpia ,izAq;fs;. Nfhypdhy; ed;F ntg;gk;

cwpQ;rg;gLtjw;fhf Nfhypy; ntg;gk; ghAk; jpirf;F vjpuhd jpirapy; ePu; ghaf;$bathW khwh
mKf;fj;njhl;bAld; njhFjpia ,izAq;fs;.

ehd; F ntg; gkhdpfspdJk; thrpg; i g 5 epkplj; j pw; F xU jlit thrpj; J Fwpj; J ntg; g khdpfs;
cWjp thrpg; G mile; j gpd; du; eP u; ntspNaWk; Fohapd; fP o ; jpzpT mwpag; g l; l KfitahdJ
itf; f g; g l; L 500ml eP u ; Nru; t jw; F r; nrythFk; Neuk; t epWj; j w; fbfhuj; j pd; cjtpAld;
ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLk;.
Mw Cw (  3   4 ) d 2
1   2
ntw;W Kfitapd; jpzpT - mo ----------------------- = K . π ----- --------------
t 2 L
( ePu; + ntw;W Kfit ) jpzpT - m1
ePupd; jpzpT - mw
ntg;gf;flj;jhW Jzpag;gl Ntz;ba Nfhypd; 4L Mw Cw (  3   4 )
K = ------------------------------
tpl;lk; - d π t d2 (  1   2 )
;T1, T2 ntg;gkhdpfSf;fpilapyhd J}uk; - L
ePu; Nru;tjw;Fr; nrythfpa Neuk; - t
ePupd; jd; ntg;gf;nfhs;ssT njupAkhapd;
,jpy; gpujpapl Nfhy; Mf;fg;gl;l gjhu;jj;jpd; ntg;gf;flj;jhW k Jzpag;gLk;.

njhFg;G : jpU S . fhz;Bguh[h> Mrpupau;; - ngsjpftpay; (ah/aho; ,e;J kfspH fy;Y}up> aho;g;ghzk;)
fzpdp tbtikg;G : jpU Nrh.epNuh[d;> Mrpupau; - j.njh.njh (t/xYkL m.j.f ghlrhiy, tTdpah)
juk; - 12, 13

1. 50cm eP s Kk; 400Wm-1k-1 ntg; g f; f lj; j hWk; cila Nfhy; AB Ak; >
20cm eP s Kk; 40Wm-1k-1 ntg; g f; f lj; j hWk; cila Nfhy; BC Ak; >
50cm ePsKk; 400Wm-1k-1 ntg;gf;flj;jhWk; cila CD vDk; NfhiyAk;
Kidf; F Kid xl; L tjd; %yk; AD vd; D k; xU Nru; j ; j pf; N fhy;
Mf; f g; g l; L s; s J. Nfhy; f s; ahTk; xNu F.nt.g cilait. Kid A,
100o C ,Yk; Kid D 10o C ,Yk; epiyahf;fg;gl;L Vida Nkw;gug;Gf;fs;
ed;F ntg;gf;fhty; ,lg;gl;Ls;sd. cWjp epiyapy; re;jpfs; ,d; ntg;g
epiyfisf; fhz; g Jld; > R+lhd KidapypUe; j hd J}uj; J ld; Nfhypd;
ntg;gepiy khWtijf; fhl;Lk; gUkl;lhd tiugpid tiuf.

2. xt;nthd;Wk; 20cm ePsKk; 4cm2 F.nt.g cila AB> CD vd;Dk; ,U

Nfhy;fis cgNahfpj;J T tbt Nru;khdk; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. AB ,d;
eLg;Gs;spAld; CD ,d; Kid C fha;r;rp ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Kidfs;
A,B 100oC ,Yk; Kid D 10oC ,Yk; epiyahf;fg;gl;L Kidfs; jtpu;e;j
Vida Nkw;gug;Gf;fs; ed;F fhtw;fl;blg;gl;Ls;sd. cWjpepiyapy; re;jp
C apd; ntg;gepiyiaf; fhz;f.

Kcu = 400Wm-1 k-1 vdpd; Nfhy; CD ,d; CL 5 epkplj;jpy; flj;jg;gLk;

ntg;gf;fzpak; ?

3. rkePsKk; rkFWf;F ntl;Lg;gug;Gk; cila AB, CD, EF vd;Dk; 3 Nfhy;fis cgNahfpj;J xu;
I tbt Nru;khdk; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. AB ,d; eLg;Gs;spAld; CD ,d; Kid C ck; EF ,d;
eLg;Gs;spAld; ,d; Kid CD ck; fha;r;rp ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. Kidfs; A, B 130O C ,Yk;>
K i d f s ; E, F 1 0OC ,Yk; epiyahf;fg;gl;L Vida Nkw;gug;Gf;fs; ed;F
fhtw;fl;blg;gl;Ls;sd.
cWjpepiyapy; re;jpfs; C,D ,d; ntg;gepiyfisf; fhl;Lf.

4. xU RLePu; njhl;b xt;nthd;Wk; 2.5M tpl;lKk; 15M ePsKk; cila 4 cUf;F Nfhy;fspdhy;
Md fhy;fisf; nfhz;lJ. fhy;fspd; fPo; Kidfs; 20O C apYs;s jiuAld;
njhl;Lf;nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. njhl;bAk; fhy;fSk; ed;F fhtw;fl;blg;gl;Ls;sd. njhl;bapy; cs;s
ePiu 60O C ,y; epiyepWj;j 22w Njitg;gLfpd;wJ. vdpd; cUf;fpd; ntg;gf;flj;jhw;iwf;
fhz;f?

njhFg;G : jpU S . fhz;Bguh[h> Mrpupau;; - ngsjpftpay; (ah/aho; ,e;J kfspH fy;Y}up> aho;g;ghzk;)
fzpdp tbtikg;G : jpU Nrh.epNuh[d;> Mrpupau; - j.njh.njh (t/xYkL m.j.f ghlrhiy, tTdpah)