LESSON 1: ĐẠI TỪ- PRONOUNS

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1. Đại từ

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Đại từ được chia làm 5 loại với các chức năng sử dụng khác nhau, bao gồm:

SUBJECT PRONOUN (ĐẠI TỪ NHÂN XƯNG CHỦ NGỮ)

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OBJECT PRONOUN (ĐẠI TỪ TÂN NGỮ)
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POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES (TÍNH TỪ SỞ HỮU)

POSSESSIVE PRONOUN (ĐẠI TỪ SỞ HỮU)

EN

REFLEXIVE PRONOUN (ĐẠI TỪ PHẢN THÂN)

2. Subject pronoun (Đại từ nhân xưng chủ ngữ)

'S

I We
AI

You You

He
TH

She They

It

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Đại từ nhân xưng chủ ngữ (còn gọi là đại từ nhân xưng) thường đứng ở vị trí chủ ngữ
ĐẦU CÂU, ĐẦU MỆNH ĐỀ, TRƯỚC ĐỘNG TỪ.

- I am studying TOEIC right now.

- We have lived here for twenty years.

- You must try hard to get a high score in TOEIC.

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3. Object pronoun (Đại từ tân ngữ)

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me us

you you

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him them

her

it
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Đại từ tân ngữ đứng đằng sau động từ hoặc giới từ (at, on, in, with…). Em cần phân biệt
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rõ đại từ tân ngữ và chủ ngữ. Chủ ngữ là chủ thể của hành động (gây ra hành động), còn
tân ngữ là đối tượng nhận sự tác động của hành động.
EN

- They invited us to the party last night.

- The teacher gave him a bad grade.

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- I told her a story.

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- The policeman was looking for him.

TH

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4. Possessive pronoun (Đại từ sở hữu)

mine ours

yours yours

his

hers theirs

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its

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Đại từ sở hữu = Tính từ sở hữu + Danh từ

Người ta dùng đại từ sở hữu để tránh khỏi phải nhắc lại tính từ sở hữu + danh từ đã đề

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cập trước đó.

Nó có nghĩa: mine = cái của tôi; yours = cái của (các) bạn; ...
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Đại từ sở hữu ĐỨNG MỘT MÌNH, KHÔNG ĐỨNG TRƯỚC DANH TỪ.
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- This is my book; that is yours. (yours = your book)

- Your teacher is the same as his. (his = his teacher)

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- Jill’s dress is green and mine is red. (mine = my dress)

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- Your books are heavy, ours are heavy too. (ours = our books)

5. Possessive adjectives (Tính từ sở hữu)

'S
AI

my our
TH

your your

his

her their

its

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TÍNH TỪ SỞ HỮU LUÔN ĐỨNG TRƯỚC DANH TỪ (CỤM DANH TỪ).
Mang nghĩa: của tôi, của bạn…

- John is eating his dinner.

- This is not my book.

- The cat has injured its foot.

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- The boy broke his arm yesterday.

- She forgot her homework this morning. My food is cold.

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6. Reflexive pronoun (Đại từ phản thân)

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myself ourselves

yourself yourselves

himself
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herself themselves
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itself
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Dùng khi chủ ngữ vừa là tác nhân gây ra hành động, vừa là tác nhân nhận tác động
của hành động đó. Nó đứng ngay đằng sau động từ hoặc giới từ BY, for, to ở cuối câu.

- Jill bought himself a new car.

'S

Chú ý: “Jill bought him a new car” thì câu có nghĩa khác: “him” = another person.
AI

- I washed myself
TH

- He sent the letter to himself.

- She served herself in the cafeteria.

-John and Mary hurt themselves in a car accident.

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Dùng để nhấn mạnh việc chủ ngữ tự làm lấy việc gì, trong trường hợp này nó đứng
ngay sau chủ ngữ hoặc sau từ by.

- I myself believe that there is no God.

- She prepared the nine-course meal by herself.

- John washed the dishes by himself.

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- The students themselves decorated the room.

Chú ý: -ở dạng số nhiều self biến thành selves.

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-by myself = on my own, by yourself = on your own.

VD: I do it by myself = I do it on my own.

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PRACTICE 1
1. The b lack bag on that chair is __________, and so is the coat over there in the corner.
A. me B. mine C.my D._myself
2. Everything l know about computers l taught ______
A. l B.me C. mine D. myself
3. That coffee cup is not ..........., so please do not use it.

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A. you B.yours C.your D.yourself
4. I would like to welcome you all to _________ new headquarters.

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A. our B.ours C.us D.we
5. Please take good care of Mr Lee because ________is our best customer:
A. h e B . him C. his D.himself

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6. Passengers are advised to check ___ route before travelling.
A. they B. them C.their D. theirs
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7. We will s 7 nd _______ an application form shortly.
A. you B. yours C.your D.yourself
8. Nobody asked ___for identification at the security gate.
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A. ourselves B.us C. we D. our

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9. Ms Howe decided to tell ___boss she wanted to leave the company.

A. she B.herself C. hers D. her
EN

10. Be careful moving that desk, Paul, or you might hurt ___
A. your B. yours C. yourself D.you
PRACTICE 2
'S

1. Mr. Samso is a skilled technft:ian, but Ms. Lee is a better supervisor than ____
A. she B.that C.he D.him
AI

2. The new storeroom employee had to load all of the merchandise onto the truck
by ________
TH

A. himself B. his C.him D.he

3. When Franco forgot his access card, the secretaries let him use_________
A. their B. them C.there D. theirs
4. We have been _________clients for the last 20 years.
A. them B. they C. their D. theirs

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5. A notice was sent out saying that staff members must only eat ____lunch in the
cafeteria.
A. them B. they C.theirs D. their
6. This was not my fault. It was _
A. yo.J1rs B.your C.you D-yourself
7. Because of the constant mistakes his assistant makes, Mr. Tan has to type
the final report _________

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A . his B.he C. him D. himself
8. Ms. Sanyong said _�-_job description needed to reflect her work in more details.
A. her B. his C.she D. hers

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9. Ms Simona is planning to monitor the department's compliance with the new rules

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A. her B. herself C.she D.hers
10. Compared to our main competitors, our new microwave model seems to be more
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popular than ______
A. they B. them C. theirs D. their
11. With her superior management skills, Ms Snow shows that ___ is the right person
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for job.
A. she B. her C.hers D.herself
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12. Storage containers must be checked for leaks before anyone is allowed to use ___
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A. they B. their C. theirs D. them

13. The supplier says that we should receive ____shipment of goods by Friday at the
latest.
A. us B. our_ C.ours D.we
'S

14. The Internet providers asked the members of the community to answer a survey
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about how often they use _____ Internet services.

A. they B. their C. theirs D. them
TH

15. All department heads should submit ____annual budget estimates to the
Finance Department by the thirtieth of April.
A. ours B.their C. theirs D. ourselves
16. The new secretary doesn't like to work by _____a, nd requested a transfer to a
larger office, where she will be with other workers.
A. herself B. hers C. she D. her

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17. The chief financial officer reported on the results of __________ recent trip to
European capitals.
A. he B.him C.his D. himself
18.Ms. Stevenson will deliver the farewell speech ___ at the senior vice president's
party.
A. her B. she C. hers D.herself
19. In view of the recent expansion, there is no doubt that _________will need to increase

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the size of our Customer Support Department.
A. us B.we C. our D.ourselves

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20. His goal has always been to provide the best possible service to _______customers.
, A- his B.he C.him D.himself
21. The company is experiencing significant growth and is looking to add a new member

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to ___ staff immediately.
A . they B. them C. their D.themselves
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22. Travelers are advised to send ____ requests for which room they would like to
book at the hotel as soon as possible.
A. themselves B. they C.their D. them
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23. Don't hesitate to approach Mr Yennings if you would like to ask ____about the
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upcoming conference.
A. he B. his D.himself
EN

24.Three weeks after Ms Kanes was hired for the job, ____had to move to
Singapore.
.A. she B. hers C. herself D. her own
'S

25. If you have any inquiries about the new budget, please direct __to Miranda
Mathers.
AI

A. their B.theirs C.them D.they

26. Because most of his colleagues were away on a company picnic, Mr Ro had to
TH

complete the client research report by ___ over the weekend.

A.he B. his own C. himself D.him
27. Because Mr.Jackson's secretary was on sick leave, he had to schedule every meeting,

A. his B.him C. himself D.his own

28. Blanchard's cars are popular among young people for ____ unique design.
A.they B. them C.theirs D. their
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29. The two companies were spying on each other in order to decide on a date to release
___ new products.
A. they B. them
30. As a perfectionist, Jack prefers to do everything ___ at work because he does not
trust anyone.
A. he B. his C. himself D.him
31. When interviewed, Beverley explained that an inquisitive nature as a child made

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___ interested in studying journalism.
A. she B.her C. hers D. herself
32. This company rewards ____employees for good performance.

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A.them B. its C. theirs D. itself
33. The successful candidate will be able to work effectively on ___ and as part of a
team.

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-C. their own b, themselves
A. they B. their
34, It is too heavy for Mr, Lim and Ms. Hwang to move the new furniture by____________
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A. theirs B. themselves C. they D. their
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