Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Whom: được dùng thay thế cho một danh từ chỉ người và làm tân ngữ cho động từ trong mệnh đề
quan hệ. (……N + whom + S + V)
The man whom you met yesterday is my brother.
N whom S V
Whose: là đại từ quan hệ sở hữu, thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc danh từ chỉ vật (thay cho: his,
her, its, their, Tom’s…)
The house whose windows are broken is mine.
N whose N V1 V2
+ Riêng danh từ chỉ vật có thể thay thế bằng the + N + of which
Example: The house the window of which are broken is mine
Which: được dùng làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ thay thế cho danh từ chỉ đồ vật, con vật hoặc sự việc.
Example: This is the book which I like best.
That: được dùng thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc chỉ vật, hoặc chủ ngữ gồm cả người và vật,
sau những đại từ không xác định, hoặc sau dạng so sánh nhất…
Example: - That is the bicycle that/ which belongs to Tom.
- The architect who/ that designed this building is very famous.
2. Trạng từ quan hệ: why, where, when.
Why: mở đầu cho một mệnh đề quan hệ để chỉ nguyên nhân, lí do.(có thể thay thế bằng That)
I don’t know the reason why/ that you didn’t go to school yesterday.
Where (=on, in, at which) mở đầu cho một mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ địa điểm nơi chốn.
The hotel where we stayed wasn’t very clean.
= The hotel in which we stayed wasn’t very clean.
When (=on/ in/ at which) mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ thời gian. (có thể thay thế bằng That)
I will never forget the day when/ that I first met my husband
Trong mệnh đề quan hệ, khi đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ cho giới từ thì thường được đặt ở 2 vị trí:
trước đại từ quan hệ WHOM, WHICH hoặc sau động từ.
Trong lối văn phong trang trọng, giới từ được đứng trước đaị từ quan hệ WHOM, WHICH
1 The man to whom my mother is talking is my form teacher.
GIỎI NHƯ NGƯỜI BẢN NGỮ
Trong lối nói thân mật, giới từ thường đứng sau động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ
The man whom my mother is talking to is my form teacher.
trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định có thể bỏ các đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ: whom, which, that và các
trạng từ quan hệ trong lối văn thân mật
The book you lent me was very interesting.
Do you remember the day we met each other?
2. Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (Non – defining relative clause): là mệnh đề cung cấp thêm
thông tin về một người, một vật hoặc một sự việc đã được xác định. Đây là mệnh đề không nhất
thiết phải có trong câu, không có nó câu vẫn đủ nghĩa. Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định được tách
khỏi mệnh đề chính bởi dấu phẩy hoặc dấu gạch ngang.
That man, who lives in the next flat, looks very lonely.
The book “Jane Eyre”, which I was reading, is really good.
Không dùng đại từ quan hệ THAT trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định
Những từ đứng trước mệnh đề quan hệ thường: Tên riêng, tính từ sở hữu, This, That, These,
Those...
Không thể bỏ các đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ WHOM, WHICH và các trạng từ WHERE, WHEN,
WHY trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định
Trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định WHICH có thể được dùng để thay thế cho cả mệnh đề
đứng trước nó
Trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định, các cụm từ chỉ số lượng: all of/ most of/ neither of/ many
of… có thể được dùng với WHOM, WHICH và WHOSE
Mary has three brothers, all of whom are married.
The boy who was injured in the accident was taken to the hospital.
The boy injured in the accident was taken to the hospital.
2. Động từ nguyên mẫu (To infinitive): được dùng sau The first, the second,…, the last, the only,
động từ khuyết thiếu, hoặc sau cấp so sánh cao nhất.
The captain was the last person who left the ship.
The captain was the last person to leave the ship.
Here is a form that you must fill in.
Here is a form for you to fill in.
* khi đại từ quan hệ who(m), which, that đứng làm tân ngữ hoặc bổ ngữ thì ta có thể lựơc bỏ đại từ quan hệ
The man who(m) you met yesterday is my friend.
The man you met yesterday is my friend.
Cách dùng như nhau. Trong văn nói ta hay dùng “can” hơn
→ S2 + be + V1pp + to V2 (2a)
Chú ý: V1 thường là: agree, hope, believe, consider, feel, know, think, say, understand, find,
expect…
Be chia theo thì của V1
Khi V2 xảy ra đồng thời hoặc xảy ra sau V1 thì ta dùng cấu trúc 2a
Khi V2 xảy ra trước V1 ta dùng cấu trúc 2b
They say that many people are homeless after the flood.
It is said that many people are homeless after the flood.
EXERCISES
A. that she is fond in B. which she is fond of C. who she wants to give to D. which you made
of
A. at B. of C. about D. in
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A. which she applied to B. which she applied about C. which she applied for D. which she
applied on
12. The people------------------in the accidents have been taken to Bach Mai hospital.
A. which imported from Japan B. he is driving C. which have air conditioner D. which he is
driving it
A. whom loves her B. who loving her C. she is loving D. she loves
II. Viết lại các câu sau- sử dụng các gợi ý được gạch chân hoặc trong ngoặc đơn.
1. He was the first man who left the burning building.
2. You are the last person who saw her alive.
3. My brother was the only one who realized the danger.
4. The pilot was the only man who survived the crash.
5. The city suffers from air pollution. The city suffers from water pollution. (both…and)
6. He is interested in gardening. He is interested in collecting stamps. (not only…but also)
7. The library doesn’t have the book I need. The bookstore doesn’t have the book I need.
(neither…nor)
8. We can fix dinner for them or we can take them to the restaurant. (either or)
9. Solar energy is free. Solar energy is inexhaustible. (both…and)
III. Viết lại các câu sau
4 I haven’t got the time to go on holiday. And I haven’t got the money.
I’ve got .....................................................................................................................................
He…………………………………………………………………………………………….
IV. Câu nhấn: CLEFT SENTENCES (SUBJECT/ OBJECT/ADVERD) (Viết lại câu)
1. The boy visited his uncle last month. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----
2. I and she sang together at the party.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---
3. Nam’s father got angry with him. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----
4. The boys played football all day long. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----
5. The girl received a letter from her friend yesterday. ---------------------------------------------------------------
----
6. His presence at the meeting frightened the children. --------------------------------------------------------------
----
7. My mother bought me a present on my birthday party. -----------------------------------------------------------
----
8. The neighbor told them about it. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---
9. My friend came to see me late last night. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
---
10. That boy scored the goal for his team. -------------------------------------------------------------------------
----
11. The dog grabbed at the piece of meat and ran away. ---------------------------------------------------------
----
12. The strong wind blew the roof off. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
----
13. The police arrested the man at the railway station. -----------------------------------------------------------
----
14. The man is learning English. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
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I/. Phonetics :
Find out the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others:
Find out the word whose main stress is placed differently from the others:
II/. Choose the best answer to complete the sentence , then make a cross :
5. The little girl ………… I borrowed this pen lives next to my door.
7. She didn’t say ………… about her job when I spoke to her.
12. She bought the book …………. she had heard it was good.
A. because B. although C. if D. and
13. It is the room ………….we usually hold our meetings
A. for B. in C. over D. on
A. the B. a C. an D. no article
A. with B. in C. to D. on
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26. It was in New Delhi which the first Asian Games took place.
A B C D
27. Not only my father but also my mother are going to the meeting.
A B C D
A B C D
29. You can sea the sea in the distance, don’t you ?
A B C D
A B C D
When I was in Scotland last year, I visited a special hydroelectric power station. It is inside a
mountain. It rains a lot in the mountains of Scotland and there are huge lakes high up. The water falls down
through large pipes to a generator in the power station. The energy of the moving water turns the generator
and this produces electricity. A big transformer then increases the number of volts over 400.000.The
electricity goes through cables to different parts of Scotland, England and Wales.
The inside of the power station was very clean because it doesn’t burn coal or gas. It was also very
quiet. I was very surprised. It was just like being in a hospital, really.
I think hydroelectric power stations are much safer than nuclear power stations. They are also better
for the earth than coal or gas power stations. Some countries like Sweden and Netherlands have said they
aren’t going to build any more nuclear power stations. They are going to try to make clean electricity using
water or wind. I think we should do the same and spend more money in building hydroelectric power
stations
A. the energy of the water to clean the air B. pipes to carry water
3. Why does the writer say the hydroelectric power station is like a hospital?
B. WRITING: 3ms
Linda lives alone in London, with her wonderful ………collection….. She has been collecting all the
Royal mementos ……since ….. 1960 when she saw the wedding of Princess Margaret on TV. The first
thing she bought were a disk ……with….. the Queen’s head in ……the.. centre, and a few Coronation
mugs to go with it. And now she has a huge range of things : pictures, paintings, ashtrays, hundreds of
mugs, tea-pots, tea-clothes, biscuit tins, posters, books flags, toast rack, egg cups, candle sticks and so on.
In fact, she ……has…..over four thousands Royal souvenirs.
2. She can’t play badminton. David can’t play badminton.( neither …nor)
3. The pedestrian asked the policeman a lot of questions ( cleft sentence – focus subject )
-> It was the pedestrian that/ who asked the policeman a lot of questions .
5. People suppose that the film is very good . ( change into passive voice )
THE END
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GIỎI NHƯ NGƯỜI BẢN NGỮ
2. The woman felt proud of her husband. She lived next door.
A.The woman who living next door felt proud of her husband .
B. The woman who lived next door felt proud of her husband .
C. The woman who lives next door felt proud of her husband .
3. Everybody congratulated the astronauts ____ their successful trip into space.
A. for B. of C. in D. on
4. From the four underlined words or phrases A,B,C, or D, identify the one that is not correct.
Neither James or his brother has been come to Paris.
A B C D
5. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.
A. hoped B. admired C. missed D. looked
6. From the four underlined words or phrases A,B,C, or D, identify the one that is not correct.
This year, that is for the first time, the event is open to all amateur athletes along with the traditional
professional.
A B C D
A. It was from this shop that B. It was this shop which C. It was this shop that
D. I was from this shop where
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A. Express Mail Service B. Electronic Mail Service C. Economic Mail Service D. Environment
management Service
10. ____________in 2001 that the World Trade Center was destroyed.
11. You should not indulge yourself ____________ anything that can form a bad habit.
A. on B. at C. in D. for
13. When the sky is blue and the sun is shining, you may say to your friends "_____"
A. She is either intelligent or beautiful B. She is not only intelligent but also beautiful
C. She is not intelligent nor beautiful D. She is neither intelligent nor beautiful
A. At the stadium B. At least four times C. Not very well D. I like it,too
19. What are you interested ____ doing in your free time?
A. over B. on C. for D. in
20. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.
21. ____ Julia ____ her sister are going to the park.
22. I _____ the film last night because I _____ it several times before.
A. did not see / had seen B. have not seen / see C. do not see / have seen D. had not seen / saw
23. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.
A. provides B. texts C. helps D. documents
24. When the telephone rang , she ………. a letter.
A. That's OK. B. Pleased to meet you. C. Hi, my name's Jim D. Hi,I'm from Canada
26. From the four underlined words or phrases A,B,C, or D, identify the one that is not correct.
She hardly dances beautifully or sings well, doesn't she?
A B C D
27. From the four underlined words or phrases A,B,C, or D, identify the one that is not correct.
He is the second person be killed in that way.
A B C D
28. Which of the following leisure activities do you think British people often do in their spare time? The
word "spare" is closest in meaning to "____".
30. How long ............ waiting for me? Just a few minutes.
A. are you B. have you been C. were you D. had you been
Millions of people of all ages enjoy a hobby which is both interesting and fun. And every year,
more and more people start a stamp collection (31)……..their own and discover an interest which can last
a lifetime. Starting your collection is easy (32)…….stamps can be found everywhere. Holiday postcards
from friends, birthday cards from relatives and letters from pen pals can all (33)………you with stamps
from all over the world. But once you have started collecting (34)………, you will probably want to join
the Stamp Collectors’Club which (35)…….to provide collectors with new Bristish stamps.
B- Read the passage and answer the questions from 36 to 40 that follow by circling the corresponding
letter A,B,C, or D.
World Wildlife Fund (WWF) safeguards hundreds of species around the world, but we focus species attention on
our flagship species: giant pandas, tigers, endangered whales and dolphins, rhinos, elephant, marine turtles and great
apes. These species not only need species measures and extra protection in order to survive, they also serve as
“umbrella” species: helping them helps numerous other species that live in the same habitats where animals or plants
are normally found. In addition to our flagship animals, we work to protect numerous species in peril around the world
that live within our priority eco-rigions. Laree predators like snow leopards and grizzly bears, migratory species like
whooping cranes and songbrids, and a host of other species facing threats also benefit from WWF’ s conservation
efforts. Our wildlife trade experts at “traffic” work to ensure that trade wildlife products, doesn’t harm a species, while
also fighting against illegal and unsustainable trade. WWF is known for acting sound science. Science leads and guides
us strategies and approaches, from the way to restore tigers in viable, breed population to decide which areas need
protection the most.
A. World Wildlife Fund.B. World Wildlife Food. C. World Wildlife Formation. D. World Website Fund.
A. 8 B. 5 C. 7 D. 9
A. The place where animals or plants are normally found. B. The place where animals or plants can drink and
sleep
C. The place where animals or plants can eat find their enemy. D. The place where animals can find and keep their
body warm.
A. Lead and guide strategies and approaches. B. Find the way to kill all species easily.
C. Discover another habitat of animal. D. Search for a food source for animals.
A.WWF safeguards hundreds of species around the world. B. These above species need extra protection so as
not to be extinct.
C. WWF is known for acting on sound science. D. All species are so fierce that scientists can’t take
care of them.
VI. Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answers.
Rain forests cover less than six percent of the earth’s area, but they have 100,000 kinds of
18all the kinds of plants on the earth. Three-fourths of known kinds of plants and animals call the rain forest
GIỎI NHƯ NGƯỜI BẢN NGỮ
their home. Twenty percent of our different kinds of medicine comes from rain forests. The glues on an
envelope and in shoes come from tropical plants. Rain forests provide materials for hundreds of other
products.
Rain forests are also very important to the world’s climate. The Amazon rain forest alone receives
about thirty to forty percent of the total rainfall on the earth and products about the same percentage of the
world oxygen. Some scientists believe that the decreasing size of rain forests will affect the climate on the
earth, making it uncomfortable or even dangerous for life.
Saving rain forests is an international problem. One country, or even a few countries, cannot solve
the problem alone. The nations of the world must work together to find a solution before it is too late.
A. Only 6 percent
B. 20 percent
C. less than 6 percent
D. over 6 percent
17. How many known kinds of plants and animals call the rain forests their home ?
4 3 40 3
A. 3 B. 4 C. 3 D. 40
18. What percent of the total rainfall on the earth does the Amazon rain forests receive ?
A. about 20 to 30 B. exactly 30 to 40
19. According to some scientists, what will the decreasing size of rain forests affect on the earth?
20. .According to the passage, what must the nations of the world do to find a solution?
IV. Choose the option A, B, C or D that best fits the blank in the following passage
The hobby I like most is playing my guitar. My uncle, (21)_______is an accomplished
guitarist, taught me how to play a few simple (22) ______ I have even begun to sing while playing
the guitar, but I have not been very successful (23)_____ this. My uncle tell me that all I need is to
practice regularly and I should (24)_____ do it. He is very good at accompanying people singing
with his guitar and I admire him very music
21. A. whose B. that C. who D. who
22. A. tunes B. envelopes C. emotions D. musical instruments
23. A. to B. from C. at D. on
24. A. can B. able to C. be able to D. is able to
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