SEXUALITY / PREGNANCY - Eye Prophylaxis

- Cord Care
- Vitamin K
OUTLINE CONCEPT OF SEXUALITY
1. SEXUALITY
I. Procreative Health • Refers to sexual behaviour in all sexual organisms. A
II. Antepartum / Pregnancy person’s sexuality encompasses complex emotions,
III. Intrapartum attitudes, preferences, and behaviours related to
IV. Postpartum expression of the sexual self and eroticism
V. The Newborn
2. ASEXUALITY
VI. Concept of Sexuality
VII. Principles Relevant to Sexuality • Absence = no attraction between opposite sex
VIII. Sexual Stimulation and Response Patterns • Is a general term or a self-designation for people who
IX. Patters of Sexual Responses lack sexual attraction or otherwise find sexual behaviour
X. Sexual Relationships unappealing
3. AUTOSEXUALITY
• People are attractive to own self but that doesn’t mean
PROCREATIVE HEALTH you’re not attracted to other people
• Principles of Sexuality and Procreation • Prefer masturbation but again, that doesn’t mean you’re
not attracted to other people
• Sexuality
• Or Autoerocitism is the sexual stimulation of, or sexual
• Genetics
desire towards one’s body
• Risk Factors that will lead to Genetic Disorders
• Common Tests for determination of Genetic
4. HUMAN SEXUALITY
Abnormalities • Refers to the expression of sexual sensation and related
intimacy between human beings, as well as the
• Nursing Process
expression of identity through sex
• Involves social interaction of individual and physical as
ANTEPARTUM / PREGNANCY
well
• Anatomy and Physiology of the Reproductive system
- Spermatogenesis
PRINCIPLES RELEVANT TO SEXUALITY
- Oogenesis
1. Human sexuality provides for reproduction (Human
• Physiology of Menstrual Cycle
fertilization) of human species
• Fertilization - 2 persons are involved in the act, and they should
know the purpose of their action and aware of
INTRAPARTUM responsibility, family panning should be involved
• Concept of Labor and Delivery 2. Sexual fulfilments is a basic human need
• Concepcion - According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs,
• Fetal Development physiological need includes sexual fulfilment; use
• Normal Adaptation in Pregnancy ethics with patients
• Assessment 3. Sexuality pervades virtually every aspect of life from
• Theories of Labor birth to death
• Components of Labor - starts at birth
• Signs of Labor 4. All human cultures have sanctions, often legal as
• Stages of Labor well as moral, controlling expressions of sexual drive
- Different cultures have different sanctions like in
POSTPARTUM certain agreements
• Puerperium 5. Individuals have strong cultural, religious, ethical
convictions regarding the expression of human
• Family Planning Methods
sexuality
• Legal Implication of MCN
6. Moral values concerning appropriate sexual
behaviors have undergone considerable
THE NEWBORN liberalizations in most western cultures in recent
• Profile of the Newborn years
- Function and Appearance - According to Max Weber, culturing values are
- Apgar score enduring and autonomous influence in the society
- Anthropometric Measurements (weight, HC, CC, regarding sex
Abdominal C, Body Length) 7. Successful gender identification in early childhood is
- Vital Signs, Airway important for an individual’s health and well-being
• Nursing Care of the Newborn throughout life

ALCORDO, ALINGASA, BULAWAN, CARPIO, QUIMNO BSN 2D 1

 - It is important for emotional and mental stability, a
clear gender will help you develop more
8. Actual or potential damage to the integrity of an
individual’s sex organ poses a considerable threat to
his self-esteem
- Prone to suicidal
SEXUAL STIMULATION AND RESPONSE
PATTERNS
A. PHYSICAL STIMULATION
• Usually consists of touching the erogenous zones or the
excitement area of the human body
• Ex. Male→female= nipples, neck, back of ears, clitoris,
lips
B. PSYCHOLOGICAL STIMULATION
B1 Visual- pictures of nudity and romantic photo
B2 Auditory- classical music
B3 Olfactory- perfumes and scented candles
PATTERNS OF SEXUAL RESPONSES
1. DESIRE
• It is a prelude to sexual excitement & sexual activity. It
occurs in the mind rather than the body and may not
progress to sexual excitement without further physical or
mental stimulation. It is communicated between potential
sexual partners either verbally or through body language
or behavior.
• Ex. A woman preparing herself, putting lotion and
perfume
2. EXCITEMENT / AROUSAL
• Is the body’s physical response to desire. A person who
manifests the physical indications of excitement is termed
to be “aroused” or “excited’. It can be communicated
between partners verbally or through body language,
behavior, or anybody changes.
3. PLATEAU
• The highest moment of sexual excitement before
orgasm maybe achieved, lost and regained several times
without the occurrence of orgasm
• During intercourse already, there is excitement
4. ORGASM
• Occurs at the peak of the plateau phase. The sexual
tension that has been building throughout the body is
released, and the body releases chemical called
“Endorphins” which causes a sense of wellbeing. This
can achieve through mental stimulation and fantasy
alone, but more commonly is a result of direct physical
stimulation or sexual intercourse
• Time where ejaculation of sperm into vagina of female,
brings satisfaction
5. RESOLUTION
• Is a period following orgasm, during which muscles relax
and the body begins to its pre-excitement state
• Relaxation of both reproductive systems
SEXUAL RELATIONSHIPS
1. PREMARITAL
• Is a period for two different person who do not know each
other, understand each other and create bonds of love
which are necessary to live together before they take
decision to marry.
2. POSTMARITAL
• Occurring, existing, or taking effect after the end of
marriage.
3. EXTRAMARITAL
ALCORDO, ALINGASA, BULAWAN, CARPIO, QUIMNO BSN 2D
• A relationship outside of marriage where an ellicit
romantic or sexual relationship or passionate attachment
occurs; kabit.
4. NON-TRADITIONAL
• Can be look in many different ways. They can be non
sexual. They can be in a relationship where there’s a
large disparity in money or age
FACTORS AFFECTING SEXUAL FUNCTIONING:
1. BIOLOGICAL
• sexual differentiation, brain mechanisms involved in
sexual responses, role of sex hormones, sexual effects of
drugs, sexually transmitted disease
2. SOCIAL
• role of parents, social media
3. MORAL
• beliefs of each culture regarding sexual functioning
4. PSYCHOLOGICAL
• the impact of body image, sexual abuse in childhood, and
mental health history, interpersonal problems
RESPONSIBLE PARENTHOOD
• As defined in the directional plan of POPCOM, is the will
and ability of parents to respond to the needs and
aspirations of the family and children. It is a shared
responsibility of the husband and wife to determine and
achieve the desired number, spacing & timing of their
children according to their own family life and
aspirations, taking into account the psychological
preparedness, health status, socio cultural, and
economic concerns
PRINCIPLES OF PROCREATION
1. Sex is a search for sensual pleasure and satisfaction,
releasing physical and psychic tensions.
2. Sex is a search for the completion of the human
person through an intimate personal union of love
expressed by bodily union for the achievement of a
more complete humanity
3. Sex is a social necessity for procreation of children
and education in the family so as to expand the
human community and guarantee its future beyond
death.
4. Sex is a symbolic (sacramental) mystery, somehow
revealing the cosmic order. In short, this Christian
principle is all about pleasure, love, reproduction and
the sacramental meaning of sex.
MECHANISM OF HEREDITY
OVA SPERM
23 23
CHROMOSOMES CHROMOSOMES
46
CHROMOSOMES
22 PAIR 1 PAIR (SEX
CHROMOSOME) (23RD PAIR)
(AUTOSOME)
2
 INHERITANCE SCREENING TEST FOR GENETIC TRAITS AND
1. GENOTYPE DISEASE
• complete set of inherited traits 1. KARYTYPING
2. PHENOTYPE • a visual display of the individual’s actual chromosomes
• how these traits are expressed pattern.
3. ALLELES 2. HETEROZYGOTE SCREENING
• are pair of genes • the use of specific assays to determine the genetic status
- 1 from ovum of individuals already suspected to be at higher risk for an
- 1 from sperm inherited disorder caused by family history
4. HOMOZYGOUS 3. MATERNAL SERUM ALPHA
• the same alleles • Fetoprotein made by the baby’s liver also found in the
5. HETEROZYGOUS amniotic fluid)
• different versions of the trait • It is a rare procedure because it is an invasive procedure)
4. TRIPLE SCREENING
GENETIC DISORDER • analysis of 3 indicators from MSAF (Meconium- stained
1. CHROMOSOMAL INHERITANCE DISORDERS amniotic fluid), Estriol (estrogen), HCG (Human Chrionic
A. AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT DISORDER gonadotropin)
- (single copy of disease mutationof the genes)
- dwarfism HISTORY OF GENETIC DISORDER
- huntington’s disease (progressive breakdown of • Anencephaly (the baby doesn’t have a skull)
nerve cells causing to have problem in the brain that • Spina bifida (the spine of the baby is not straight, there is
has one copy of defective genes), a curvature at the back the protrude)
- marfan’s disease (Affects the connective tissues or • Gastroschisis (doesn’t have abdominal wall either on the
fibers that supports or anchor the different organs right or left causing the intestine to come out)
also this disease will limit the ability to make protein
to build a connective tissue.) DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
1. CHRIONIC VILLI SAMPLING
B. AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE DISORDER • 5th week of pregnancy (earliest), but mostly done at 8th
(Two copies of mutation are needed to cause the to 10th week
disease) • Prenatal test that involves taking a sample of tissue from
- cystic fibrosis (Affecting the lungs as well as the the placenta to test for some chromosomal abnormalities
digestive system, produces a thick sticky mucus on certain genetic problem
membrane in the lungs thus it has a difficulty to
2. AMNIOCENTESIS (REFER TO THE AMNIOTIC
inflate and deflate. This also affects the pancreas
regarding its function) FLUID)
• taking down 2-5 ML to test some abnormalities at 14 and
C. X- LINKED DOMINANT DISORDER 16 weeks
- fragile x syndrome (A mental retardation or disorder 3. SONOGRAPHY (ULTRASOUND)
in which the brain needs more protein. It occurs • not an invasive procedure but uses a high waves of
because there are some changes in the formation of frequency sound waves
the genes.) 4. FETOSCOPY
• an incision done to the mother
D. X-LINKED RECESSIVE DISORDER • 3-4 incision
- haemophilia (it is a disorder in which the blood
doesn’t clot normally) CHRIONIC VILLI SAMPLING
- Fabry disease (raising the risk of heart attack, stroke
and kidney failure)

E. MULTIFACTORIAL INHERITANCE
- CLEFT LIP
- PALATE

2. CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITY DISORDERS

A. NUMERIC ABNORMALITY- Klinefelter Syndrome
B. STRUCTURAL DISORDER – Translocations

RISK FACTORS OF GENETIC DISORDER

1. Age (mother and father)
2. Race
3. Family history of disease
4. OB History of pregnancy issue: like exposure to
teratogens (chemicals that affect the growth of the
fetus in the mother’s womb) such as radiation,
certain drugs, viruses, toxins and chemicals Fig 1. The needle is inserted to the abdomen up to the
placenta with the guide of an ultrasound

ALCORDO, ALINGASA, BULAWAN, CARPIO, QUIMNO BSN 2D 3

 AMNIOCENTESIS

Fig 2. The needle is inserted to the abdomen up to the

amniotic fluid with the guide of an ultrasound.

NURSING PROCESS
A. ASSESSMENT
1. Health history - genetic history, ethnic background,
general medical history and mother’s age
2. Laboratory and diagnostic studies
B. NURSING DIAGNOSES
1. Knowledge Deficit
2. Decisional Conflict
3. Anticipatory Grieving
C. PLANNING
1. The couple will receive education
2. The couple will receive emotional support
D. IMPLEMENTATION
1. Provide education - information about genetic
problem; testing required; possible treatment; and
available resources
2. Provide emotional support - Counseling
healthcare facilities. Assist in coping
E. EVALUATION

REFERENCES

I. PowerPoint presentation

ALCORDO, ALINGASA, BULAWAN, CARPIO, QUIMNO BSN 2D 4