Lesson 2: Cell Organelles

Prepared by: Robin Angelo DS. Angeles

Learning Goals:

•Describe the structure and

functions of major and
subcellular organelles.
STORY ANALOGY
Read the story of Grant City. Please take note on the
underline word and try to analyze its counter part in
the cell.
 Grant City
• In a far away city called Grant City, the main export and
production product is the steel widget. Everyone in the town
has something to do with steel widget making and the entire
town is designed to build and export widgets. The town hall
has the instructions for widget making, widgets come in all
shapes and sizes and any citizen of Grant can get the
instructions and begin making their own widgets. Widgets
are generally produced in small shops around the city, these
small shops can be built by the carpenter's union (whose
headquarters are in town hall).
• After the widget is constructed, they are placed on special
carts which can deliver the widget anywhere in the city. In
order for a widget to be exported, the carts take the widget
to the postal office, where the widgets are packaged and
labeled for export. Sometimes widgets don't turn out right,
and the "rejects" are sent to the scrap yard where they are
broken down for parts or destroyed altogether. The town
powers the widget shops and carts from a hydraulic dam
that is in the city. The entire city is enclosed by a large
wooden fence, only the postal trucks (and citizens with
proper passports) are allowed outside the city.
 Underlined word Cell Part

Widget
Town hall
Small shops
Carpenter’s union
Special Carts
Postal office
Scrapyard
Hydraulic dam
Fence
Grant City
The Cell Organelles
• Little organs.
• FUNCTION
• Production of protein
• Storage of important materials
• Harvesting energy
• Repairing cell parts
• Digestion of substances
• Maintaining shape and structure
of the cell.
Three Major Parts of the Cell

•Cell Membrane
•Cytoplasm
•Nucleus
The Cell Membrane
Cell Membrane
•Encloses the cell and
separates it from
external environment.
•Referred as fluid
mosaic.
•Selectively permeable.
The Cytoplasm
• A jelly-like substance
(cytosol) which is mainly
composed of water with
dissolves substances.
• This is where the other
organelles are suspended
dynamically.
The Nucleus
• The “control center” of
the cell.
• It houses the genetic
material.
• It has nucleolus, where
the subunit of ribosomes
are assembled.
Other Organelles of the Cell
• Ribosomes
• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
• Golgi bodies/apparatus
• Lysosomes
• Vacuoles
• Mitochondria
Ribosomes

•Site for protein

synthesis.
•Free ribosome and
Attached ribosomes.
•Protein in important
inside the cell.
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
• Serves as the transport
system of the cell (like a
highway).
• Two types of ER:
• Smooth ER (SER) –
without ribosomes; for
lipid synthesis.
• Rough ER (RER) – with
ribosomes.
Golgi Bodies

•Involved in
modifying, sorting,
and packaging of
macromolecules.
•For delivery to
another organelles.
Lysosomes
•Suicide sacs.
•It play role in the
destruction or repair
of defective parts of
the cell.
•Exclusive for animal
cells.
Vacuoles
• Storage sacs in the cells.
• In animal cells use for
storage of water and
food others for excretion
of waste materials.
• In plant cells, it is very
large.
Mitochondria
• The “powerhouse of the
cell”.
• Site for cellular respiration.
• It creates energy by breaking
down food molecules.
• Adenosine triphosphate
(ATP) – a useable form of
energy inside the cell.
Special organelles

•Centrioles
•Cytoskeleton
•Plastids
•Cilia and
flagella
Centrioles
•Centrosome is found
outside the nucleus
which consist of two
rod-shaped centrioles.
•It is for the spindle
fiber during cell
division.
Cytoskeleton

•It serves as
a framework
for the cell.
Flagella and Cilia
• Flagella
• whip-like structure.
• For locomotion.
• Cilia
• hair-like structure
• Cellular locomotion,
movement of particles
and filtration.
Plastids
• Are double-membrane
organelles found in plants and
photosynthetic protist.
• Three Classifications of Plastids
• Chloroplasts – green-colored
plastids (chlorophyll)
• Chromoplasts – colored-plastids
• Carotenoids and Anthocyanin
• Leucoplast – colorless plastids
• Amyloplasts – for storage of
carbohydrates.
• Elaioplast – fats
• Proteinoplast - protein
ACTIVITY 1 – CELL STORY
• With your group, construct a • Rubric
story in which it depicts an • Story – 10 points
analogy to cell parts and • Analogy of parts and function of
functions. Be creative with your the cell to the story – 10 points
story. • Creativity – 10 points
• Once you are done, only the • Submission – 10 points.
• 10 points – before prelim exam
leader of the group will send it
• 8 points – on the day of prelim exam
to me via message application in • 6 points – beyond prelim exams
Genyo.
• DEADLINE – Before Preliminary
Examination.