Cell Organelles

Structure and Function

 Plasma (Cell) Membrane
• Structure: • Function
• Phospholipid bilayer • Is semi-permeable
with embedded (allows some
proteins molecules in/out)
 Plasma (Cell) Membrane
Membrane
 Nucleus
• Structure: • Function:
• Double membrane • Contains DNA in the
(nuclear envelope) form of chromatin
• Pores in membrane (DNA + proteins)
• Directs the cell’s
activities
 Nucleolus
• Structure: • Function:
• Prominent in nucleus • Site of ribosome
synthesis
Nucleus
 Ribosomes
• Structure: • Function:
• Made of rRNA and • Site of protein
proteins synthesis
 Ribosomes
Ribosomes
 Smooth ER
• Structure: • Function:
• Network of flattened • Lipid synthesis
sacs of membrane
connected to the
nuclear envelope
• Has NO ribosomes
attached
 Smooth ER
• Smooth ER
 Rough ER
• Structure: • Function:
• Network of flattened • Modifies proteins;
sacs of membrane sends them to Golgi
connected to the in vesicles
nuclear envelope
• HAS ribosomes
attached
 Rough ER
• Rough ER
 Vesicles
• Structure: • Function:
• Membranous sac • Transports materials
 Vesicle
• Vesicle
 Golgi Apparatus
• Structure: • Function:
• Flattened sacs of • Stores materials
membrane stacked • Packages proteins for
on top of one another, shipment out of cell
but NOT connected
 Golgi Apparatus
• Golgi
 Lysosomes
• Structure: • Function:
• Contains digestive • Digestion of damaged
enzymes in a organelles and
membranous sac macromolecules
 Lysosomes
• Lysosome
 Contractile Vacuole
• Structure: • Function:
• Membranous sac • Collect and expel
• Looks like a wheel excess water
with spokes
• Found in some
protists
 Contractile Vacuole
• Contractile vacuole in amoeba (left) and
paramecium (right).
 Central Vacuole
• Structure: • Function:
• Membranous sac • Storage, absorbs
• Found in plant cells water
 Central Vacuole
• Central vacuole
 Cell Wall
• Structure: • Function:
• Cellulose-plants • Support and
• Chitin-fungi protection
• Not found in animals
 Cell Wall
• Cell wall
 Chloroplasts
• Structure: • Function:
• Double membrane • Photosynthesis
• Contains DNA and (converting solar
ribosomes energy to chemical
energy)
 Chloroplast
• Chloroplasts
 Mitochondria
• Structure: • Function:
• Double membrane • Cellular respiration
• Contains DNA and (breaks down
ribosomes sugar/food to form
ATP)
 Mitochondria
• Mitochondria
 Cytoskeleton
• Structure: • Function:
• Protein fibers: • Maintains cell shape;
• Microfilaments cell movement
• Intermediate filaments • Anchors organelles
• Microtubules • Cell support; tracks
for organelles to
move on
 Cytoskeleton
• cytoskeleton
 Centrioles
• Structure: • Function:
• Made of microtubules • Cell division (?)
• In animal cells; NOT
in plant cells
 Centrioles
• Centrioles
 Cilia
• Structure: • Function:
• 9+2 arrangement of • Movement
microtubules • “Sweeping” of airway
• Short; hair-like in humans
 Cilia
• Cilia in paramecium (left) and human
bronchi cells (right)
 Flagella
• Structure: • Function:
• 9+2 arrangement of • Movement
microtubules
• Long, whip-like
 Flagella
Flagella