EDP: INTRODUCTION TO PLANNING

ENGINEERING DRAWING
An engineering drawing is a type of technical drawing used to define the requirements
for engineering products or components. Typically, the purpose of an engineering drawing is to clearly
and accurately capture all geometric features of a product or component so that
a manufacturer or engineer can produce the required item. It may also describe the process of making the
item, may be used to convey engineering ideas during the design process, or may provide a record of an
existing item.
 
WHAT IS TECHNICAL DRAWING?
 The term ‘technical drawing’ has a very broad meaning, referring to any drawing that conveys the
way that something functions or how it is constructed. Technical drawings are intended to convey
one specific meaning, as opposed to artistic drawings which are expressive and may be
interpreted in a number of ways.
 Most drawings prepared during the design and construction of buildings might be considered to
be technical drawings.
 It is important that the purpose for which technical drawings are being prepared and the people
that will use them are carefully considered to ensure they are properly structured and adopt
appropriate presentational techniques.
 The scale at which drawings are prepared should reflect the level of detail of the information they
are required to convey, and graphical techniques such as the use of different line thicknesses and
hatching can help provide greater clarity.
 To help convey the precise meaning of information, technical drawings may include title blocks,
dimensions, notation and symbols. To ensure their meaning is concise and unambiguous, it is
important that these are consistent with industry standards.

METHODS OF REPRESENTATION
1. FREEHAND DRAWING
- Lines are sketched without using instruments other than pencils and erasers.

2. MECHANICAL OR INSTRUMENTAL DRAWING

- Drafting instruments are used to draw straight lines, circles and curves concisely thus, the
drawings are usually made to scale. May comprise two-dimensional (orthogonal) plans,
sections and elevations, or may include three-dimensional or exploded projections
EDP: INTRODUCTION TO PLANNING

3. COMPUTER-AIDED DRAWING
- The drawings are usually made by commercial software. Often prepared using Computer
Aided Design (CAD) software. However, increasingly, building information modelling
(BIM) software is being used to create three-dimensional representations of buildings and
their components. BIM models may be described as 'design intent models' during the early
stages of development but then may evolve into 'virtual construction models' (VCM) and
finally 'as-constructed models'

ELEMENTS OF TECHNICAL DRAWING

 GRAPHIC LANGUAGE (LINES)
 WORD LANGUAGE (LETTERING)

DRAWINGS CONVEY THE FOLLOWING CRITICAL INFORMATION:

 Geometry  Diameter  Scale
 Dimensions  Radius  Full size
 Linear  Tolerances  Reduced size
 Aligned  Materials  Enlarged size
 Angular  Finish
 
UNITS OF MEASUREMENT