There are two classes of properties :

1. Physical properties
2. Chemical properties

Physical properties: matter can exist in three different states.

1. solid state - rigid, with definite shape.
2. liquid state - possesses the property of flowing to take the shape of its
container.
3. gaseous state - takes both shape and volume of its container. gases are
readily compressible and capable of infinite expansion.
note. Physical properties can be observed and measured without changing the identity of the
substance.

Chemical properties: cannot be observed and measured only by changing the

identity of the substances.
Note: chemical properties describe a substance's ability to undergo chemical change.

Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the

composition of matter. Physical properties are used to observe and
describe matter. Physical properties include: appearance, texture, color,
odor, melting point, boiling point, density, solubility, polarity, and many
others.

Physical Properties - Chemistry@Elmhurst

http://chemistry.elmhurst.edu › vchembook

Chemical properties are properties that can be measured or observed only when matter
undergoes a change to become an entirely different kind of matter. They include reactivity,
flammability, and the ability to rust. Reactivity is the ability of matter to react chemically with
other substances

Chemical Properties of Matter | CK-12 Foundationhttps://flexbooks.ck12.org ›

section › primary › lesson
learning Objective

 Recognize the difference between physical and chemical, and intensive and extensive,
properties

Key Points

o All properties of matter are either physical or chemical properties and physical
properties are either intensive or extensive.
o Extensive properties, such as mass and volume, depend on the amount of matter
being measured.
o Intensive properties, such as density and color, do not depend on the amount of
the substance present.
o Physical properties can be measured without changing a substance’s chemical
identity.
o Chemical properties can be measured only by changing a substance’s chemical
identity.

Terms

 extensive propertyAny characteristic of matter that depends on the amount of matter

being measured.
 chemical propertyAny characteristic that can be determined only by changing a
substance’s molecular structure.
 intensive propertyAny characteristic of matter that does not depend on the amount of the
substance present.
 physical propertyAny characteristic that can be determined without changing the
substance’s chemical identity.
All properties of matter are either extensive or intensive and either physical or chemical.
Extensive properties, such as mass and volume, depend on the amount of matter that is
being measured. Intensive properties, such as density and color, do not depend on the
amount of matter. Both extensive and intensive properties are physical properties,
which means they can be measured without changing the substance’s chemical identity.
For example, the freezing point of a substance is a physical property: when water
freezes, it’s still water (H2O)—it’s just in a different physical state.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/introchem/chapter/physical-and-chemical-
properties-of-matter/
Figure 1. (a) Wax undergoes a physical change when solid wax is heated and
forms liquid wax. (b) Steam condensing inside a cooking pot is a physical change,
as water vapor is changed into liquid water. (credit a: modification of work by
“95jb14”/Wikimedia Commons; credit b: modification of work by
“mjneuby”/Flickr)

The change of one type of matter into another type (or the inability to change) is
a  chemical property. Examples of chemical properties include flammability,
toxicity, acidity, reactivity (many types), and heat of combustion. Iron, for
example, combines with oxygen in the presence of water to form rust; chromium
does not oxidize (Figure 2). Nitroglycerin is very dangerous because it explodes
easily; neon poses almost no hazard because it is very unreactive.

EXPLORE(MOTIVATION)-4 PICS 1 WORD

Figure 2. (a) One of the chemical properties of iron is that it rusts; (b) one of the
chemical properties of chromium is that it does not. (credit a: modification of work
by Tony Hisgett; credit b: modification of work by “Atoma”/Wikimedia Commons)