Reviewer: 1st Sem. Mid.

Terms
FILIPINO
TOPIC: AKADEMIKONG  Buod ng anumang pagsusuri

SULATIN  Tinatawag ding Synopsis o

 Sulatin na may istandard
 Ginagamit ng propesyonal at
pang-akademiko
 May mataas na kasanayan sa
pagsulat
 Naglalayong magbigay ng
Presi
Uri:
1. Impormatibong Abstrak –
mahahalagang impormasyon
 Motibasyon – kabuluhan at

makabuluhang impormasyon kahalagahan ng pananaliksik

 Suliranin – tanong sa
Kalikasan: pananaliksik
 Pamamaraan – metodolohiya
 Katotohanan
ng pag-aaral
 Balanse – walang bias, seryoso,
 Resulta – kinalabasan ng
pormal ang mga salita
pag-aaral
 Ebidensya
 Konklusyon – implikasyon ng
Katangian: pananaliksik

 Obhetibo 2. Deskriptibong Abstrak –

 Pormal naglalaman ng suliranin, layunin,
 Wasto – wastong salita metodolohiya, at saklaw ng
 Organisado pananaliksik. Hindi nagtataglay ng
resulta, konklusyon, at
rekomendasyon. Madalas nasa 100 na
TOPIC: ABSTRAK salita lamang.

 ABSTACTUS – draw away o 3. Kritikal na Abstrak – ebalwasyon

extract from ng kabuluhan, kasapatan, katumpakan,
 Maikling buod ng pananaliksik, ng pananaliksik
thesis etc. Katangian:
  200 – 250 salita
 May maayos na paglalagom sa
paksa
 Nauunawaan ang target na
mambabasa
Hakbang:
1. Muling basahin ang teksto
2. Isulat ang unang burador
3. Irebisa ang unang burador
4. I-proofread ang pinal na kopya
TOPIC: SINTESIS
 Pagsasama-sama ng dalawa o
higit pang buod
 Integrasyon ng mga
impormasyong sumusuporta sa
thesis o argumento
 Ito ay krusyal sa pagbubuo at
paglalahad ng impormasyon
Katangian:
 Haba ng papel ay 5-7 pages
kasama ang bibliyograpiya
 Konsistent sa paggamit ng
bibliographic reference
 Sumulat ng malinaw at malinis
 Gumamit ng maiksing supporting
idea
 3rd person ang pagsulat
 Gumamit ng pangatnig at pang-
ukol
 Maglaan ng oras at panahon sa
paggawa
Uri:
1. Background Synthesis –
pagsasama-sama ng impormasyon ayon
sa isang paksa
2. Thesis-Driven Synthesis – may
malinaw na pag-uugnay ng mga punto sa
thesis
3. Synthesis Literature – pagreview
sa mga naisulat na literature tungkol
sa paksa
Hakbang:
1. Pumili ng paksa
2. Bumuo ng thesis
3. Magbigay ng di bababa sa 3 aklat
na binasa
4. Basahin mabuti ang mga
pangunahing ideya ng bawat sanggunian
5. Isaayos ang paglalahat
6. Suriin mabuti ang sanggunian sa iba
pang sanggunian na babasahin
7. Bigyang pansin ang impormasyon at
hindi ang manunulat nito
8. Gumamit ng tuwirang sipi
9. Gumamit ng makatotohanang
halimbawa
10. Sa konklusyon, lagumin ang
pangunahing thesis at mga tanong na
mananatiling bukas o isyu na maaari
pang saliksikin
TOPIC: BIONOTE
 Sulating nagbibigay
impormasyon tungkol sa isang
indibidwal
 Ito ay para sa Aplikasyon sa
trabaho, Paglimbag ng
artikulo, Pagsasalita sa
pagtitipon, at Pagpapalawak ng
network propesyunal
Nilalaman:
 Personal na impormasyon –
edad, pinagmulan, etc.
 Kaligirang pang-edukasyon
– paaralang pinagtapusan,
degree, kursong kinuha at
natapos
 Ambag sa larangang
kinabibilangan –
kontribusyon, adbokasiya
Katangian:
 Maikli ang nilalaman
 3rd Person ang gamit
 Kinikilala ng mambabasa
 Nakatuon sa angkop na
kasanayan at katangian
Hakbang:
1. Tiyakin ang layunin
2. Pagdesisyunan ang haba nito
3. 3rd Person
4. Pangalan ang umpisa
5. Propesyon
6. Mahahalagang tagumpay
7. Hindi inaasahang detalye (twist)
8. Contact Information
9. Isulat muli ang bionote
TOPIC: PANUKALANG
PROYEKTO
 Dokumentaryo upang
kumbinsihin ang sponsor
Bahagi:
 Panimula – rasyonal, suliranin,
layunin, o motibasyon
 Katawan – detalye ng gagawin
at badyet
 Konklusyon – benepisyo ng
proyekto
Espesipikong Laman: impormasyon. Kinakailangan ng
Intensibong pakikinig.
 Pamagat
 Proponent – organisasyong 2. Salaysay ng Katitikan –
bumubuo ng proyekto mahahalagang impormasyon lamang
 Kategorya – patimpalak,
3. Resolusyon ng Katitikan – lahat
kumprehensiya, etc.
ng isyung napagkasunduan, naging
 Petsa – kailan ipapadala ang
solusyon o resolba sa problemang
proposal at haba ng panahon
napag-usapan.
gaganapin ang proyekto
 Rasyonal – pangangailangan sa Bahagi:
pagsasagawa ng proyekto
1. Heading – kumpanya o
 Deskripsyon – layunin, detalye
organisasyon, petsa, lokasyon, at oras
kung paano isasagawa ang
ng pulong
proyekto at haba ng proyekto
 Badyet – gastusin 2. Kalahok o Dumalo – bilang,
 Pakinabang – pakinabang ng pangalan ng dumalo at lumiban
proyekto sa mga kalahok at
3. Action Items o Usaping
tumulong na isagawa ang
Npagkasunduan – napagusapan noong
proyekto
nagdaang pulong

 Call to order – pagtawag ng

TOPIC: KATITIKAN NG atensyon ng mga dumalo
 Panalangin
PULONG
 Pananalita ng Pagtanggap
 Opisyal na tala ng pulong  Pagbasa at pagpapatibay ng
 Obhetibo nagdaang pulong
 Nagsisilbing prima facie  Pagtalakay sa adyenda ng
evidence pulong – paksa, talakayan,
aksyon, taong magsasagawa ng
Estilo:
aksyon
1. Ulat ng Katitikan – lahat ng
4. Pagtatapos – oras nagwakas ang
detalye ng pulong ay nakatala. Ito
pulong
ay kumpleto at wasto ang
5. Iskedyul ng susunod na pulong – TOPIC: BUS.
petsa at lokasyon ng susunod na pulong ORGANIZATION
6. Lagda – pirma ng gumawa ng
 Entity that aims to earn profit
katitikan at petsa kung kailan
by providing products and
isinumite
services
Dapat Gawin:  Important role in advancing
socio-economic development
 Hindi participant ang
magsusulat ng katitikan ng Forms:
pulong
 Sole Proprietorship – simplest
 Umupo malapit sa tagapanguna
form, easy to register
 May lista ng pangalang dadalo sa
(DTI/BTRCP)
pulong
 Partnership – owned by 2 or
 Handa sa mga sipi ng adyenda at
more person, registered with
katitikan ng nakaraang pulong
SEC
 Nakapokus sa adyenda
 Corporation – Stakeholders,
 Tumpak at kumpleto ang
SEC registration
headings
 Gumamit ng recorder Bus. Org. as part of economic
 Itala ang mosyon o pormal na system:
suhestiyon nang maayos
 Capitalism – individuals own a
 Itala ang lahat ng paksa at
business
isyung napagusapan
 Communism – owned and
 Isulat at isaayos agad ang mga
operated by the government
datos pagkatapos ng pulong
 Socialism – owned and operated
by the government and some
are by individuals

Free Enterprise System

 Economic system that provides

individuals the opportunity to

BUS. ETHICS
 make their own economic MEDIUM – 100-199 employees
decisions
 Individuals and businesses are
given rights to motivate them
TOPIC: ETHICS & BUSINESS
to succeed
 Ethics comes from the
Rights:
Greek word ethos means
 To own a private property character
 Own a business and keep
Ethical Decisions
profits
 Freedom of competition  Fair labor practices
 Freedom of choice  Environmental awareness
 Product/Service safety
Share Value – A bus. concept that
focuses on the bus. values by
identifying and addressing social TOPIC: ETHICS & LAW
problems.
According to Law:
Ethics – making ethical decisions. It
 Mandated salary
must be based on the greater good
 Mandated benefits
and doing what is morally right.
According to company dictated
Role of Bus. Org. in the Society
ethics:
 Create employment
 Mandated salary/commissions
opportunities
 Mandated benefits
 Advancing economy
 HMO benefits
 Promote sustainability
 Rice subsidy
 Investing in innovation and
 Retirement scheme
excellence

MSMEs Categories

MICRO – 1-9 employees

SMALL – 10-99 employees

TOPIC: ETHICAL CORPORATE 2. Values-based – reinforces set of

CULTURE values. It adopts its code of conduct

or also called Integrity based.
Corporate Culture – a system of
Code of Conduct – list of guidelines
shared values, beliefs that guides the
based on the organization’s values.
behavior of the members of an
organization Company Values – customer-
centered, safety, and integrity
Ethical Leadership – provides an
environment that creates
circumstances where good people are
able to do good and prevent from TOPIC: FOUNDATION OF
doing bad decisions and actions THE PRINCIPLES IN BUS.
ETHICS
Observable Culture – actions the way
it’s done Utilitarianism – result-based
approach or consequentialist
Shared Values – common values that
approach. Action is judged based on
are put together to motivate members
its overall consequences.
of the organization
 A decision is morally right if it
Common Cultural Assumptions –
promotes the greater good
taken for granted truths that
 It is morally right if the net
members share as a result of
benefits over its cost are
collective experiences in the
greatest for all people affected
organization
 It is morally right if its
benefits are greatest for
individuals and if it outweighs
Types of Ethical Leadership
the cost and benefits of the
Management:
alternatives
1. Compliance-based – follow rules,
1. Rule-based – general principles
empowers legal counsel and
are using in making decisions. Rules
auditing/accounting firm. Traditional
determine the ethical behavior.
Approach.
2. Act-based – decision is based on
the likelihood of achieving greater
good. Uses analysis of actions or
behavior to determine what is best.
Principles and Rights – decisions are
made based on principles rather than
the consequences
Ethical Dilemma – situation with
difficult choices to be made.
Filipino Traits and Beliefs:
1. Filipino Time
2. Padrino System – individual gains
favor through connections

Virtues Ethics – character traits 3. Utang na Loob – concept of paying

that would constitute good and back
meaningful life. Focuses on possessed
4. Pakikisama – taking care of
moral traits and choice of actions.
interpersonal relationships with
others

TOPIC: BELIEF SYSTEMS 5. Bahala na – leaving everything to

chance
Buddhism – promotes peace and
coexistence and harmony in society. 6. Mañana Habit – concept of
mamaya na
5 precepts or training rules:
7. Filipino Hospitality
 Harming or taking lives of
beings
 Taking what is not given
TOPIC: CORPORATE SOCIAL
 Engaging in sexual misconduct
 Lying or spreading gossip
RESPONSIBILITY
 Taking intoxicated substances 1. Duty not to cause harm

Islam – favors trading but has to 2. Responsibility to prevent harm

obey rules and be guided by honesty.
3. Responsibility to do good
Christianity – stewardship (leading to
right path), and using and caring for
the environment. Models:
Economic Model – economic  Autobiography – tells own
responsibility to produce goods and story
services. BPO (Business Process  Biography – narration of
Outsourcing) contributed for the other’s life
significant growth of the PH economy.  Fable
 Fairytale
 Fiction
 Folklore – myths, beliefs
21st CENTURY LIT.
 Legend – origin of things
TOPIC: LITERATURE & 21ST  Humor – fun writings

LITERATURE  Short story – few characters

Genres of 21st Century Literature:

Literature – written works of
language or culture especially those  Illustrated Novel – uses text
superior or lasting artistic merit and images
 Digi-fiction – media
21st Century Literature – literature
 Graphic Novel – comic book
produced during the 21st century. Free
format
verse writings.
 Manga
Kinds of Literature:  Doodle fiction
 Text-talk novel – blog, emails
 Written
 Chick literature – modern
 Oral
womanhood
Genres of Literature:  Flash fiction
 6-word flash fiction – 6-word
 Prose
sentence
 Drama – dialogue performed on
 Science fiction
stage, skit or play.
 Poetry
 Blog – websites
 Lyric
1. Song
2. Epic – heroic actions
3. Drama
 Article
DIMENSIONS OF PH  Filipino writers returned in

LITERARY HISTORY using tagalog language

 Writing in free verse
1. Pre-colonial period (1564)  Fiction prevailed over poetry

 Oral tradition 6. Period of maturity (1945-1960)

 Crude on ideology
 Originality of PH literature
2. Spanish period (1565-1863) started
 Filipino writers mastered
 Sought the introduction of
english and familiarized
Spanish as a medium of
themselves with diverse
communication.
techniques
 Writings are religious
 Secular/Non-religious 7. Rebirth of freedom (1945-1970)

3. Nationalistic period (1864-1896)  Marked by the struggle of mind

and spirit
 Propaganda or revolutionary
period 8. Modern period (1970-present)
 Filipinos starting to write after
 Contemporary period of PH
3 centuries
literature
 Nationalism
 Seed of activism resulted to
 From spanish to tagalog
Martial Law
 Addressed the intelligentsia
 Youth became rebellious
4. American period (1910-1945)  Writers wrote those dark days

 Filipino writers imitated english 9. 21st Century period (2000-

and american novels present)
 Period of apprenticeship
 Using ICT or technology
 Literatures are amateurish and
 New codes are used to add
mushy
flavor to literary pieces
 Short stories and novels

5. Japanese period (1942-1945)

 Golden age of PH literature

TOPIC: PARTS OF A STORY
1. Plot – what happens in the story
 Beginning/Exposition –
introduction
 Rising action – problem and
characters develop
 Climax – problem/conflict is
resolved
 Falling action/Denouement –
the result of the climax
 Resolution - end
2. Characters
3. Conflict
4. Setting
5. Theme
TOPIC: PLOT DEVICES
 Deus ex machina – after
problematic situations there is
a happy ending
 Love triangle
 Flashback
 Plot voucher – use of object in
encountering an obstacle
 Quibble – used to express
exact verbal agreement, to
avoid intended meaning
 Twins – doppelgangers are used
 Twist endings – ending is diff.
from expected outcome
 Foreshadowing – used to create
suspense, unease, and curiosity.
The keyword is hint.
 Race against time – situation
that happen quickly
 Death traps
MARKETING
Marketing – promoting and selling
products and services
7ps of Marketing:
 Product
 Price
 Promotion
 Place
 People
 Process
 Physical Evidence
Marketing Strategy – gameplan for
reaching consumers
Marketing Mix – 4ps (product, price,
place, promotion)
Richest Man in Ph – Manny Villar
Jeff Bezos – founder of Amazon
Augustine “Og” Mandino – wrote the
Greatest Salesman in the world
Warranty – written guarantee issued
to the customer for repair or
replacing product in a period of time
Warranty seals – a product must be
tamper-proof protected from third
parties
Leverage Marketing – understanding
how much more can you do to a
business
Branding – uses of logo, taglines, etc.
Client – who wants professional
support or service from the company
Customer – person who buys goods or
services
Buyer – person that is buying
something
Customer value – perception of what
product or service is worth to a
customer vs the possible alternatives
Refund – return of payment
Customer service – assistance
provided by the company to the
customers
Multi-level Marketing – membership
marketing
Discount – deduction from the usual
cost given in advance
Constructive Criticism – giving
feedback
Customer Relationship – used by
business to engage long-term
relationship with customers
Corporate Accountability – company’s
performance in non-financial area like
responsibility and sustainability
Customer value proposition – sum of
total benefits which a vendor
promised a customer will receive
Customer review – review of a
product customer made
Brand loyalty – customer’s positive
feelings towards a brand
Customer loyalty – ongoing positive
relationship of customer and business
Gender Marketing – based on
properties assigned to men and women
Strategic Marketing – use of
marketing disciplines to achieve
organizational goals
Market Positioning – place the brand
occupies in the minds of customers
SWOT analysis -