MONERA, JOHN PHILIP M.

BSEE4A
EE ELECTIVE 1 SEPTEMBER 11, 2021

ATTRACTION TYPE
Type of Relay Operating Principles Characteristics
SINGLE-QUANTITY RELAYS The EMF exerted on the RATIO OF RESET TO
element that is in motion PICKUP - it shortens its air
is in proportion to the gap, which permits a
square of the flux in the smaller magnitude of coil
air gap, neglecting current to keep the relay
saturation, the total picked up than was
actuating force can be required to pick it up.
represented as:
TENDENCY TOWARD
VIBRATION - not suitable
When the relay is on for continuous operation
edge of lifting, the net on alternating current in
force is zero: the picked-up position.
This is because there
would be excessive
vibration that would
produce objectionable
noise and would cause
excessive wear.

DIRECTIONAL
CONTROL- used mostly
when "directional"
operation is not required.

EFFECT OF
TRANSIENTS - the relay
may pick up during such a
transient, depending on
the amount of offset, its
time constant, and the
operating speed of the
relay.

TIME
CHARACTERISTICS -
inherently fast and is used
generally where time delay
is not required.
DIRECTIONAL RELAYS Actuated by d-c or by EFFICIENCY – more
rectified a-c quantities efficient than hinged
and are mostly used for armature or plunger
protection of d-c circuits relays, thus it is used in
where the actuating when a d-c shunt is the
quantity is obtained actuating source, whether
 either from a shunt or directional action is
directly from the circuit required or not.

RATIO OF CONTINUOUS
THERMAL CAPACITY TO
PICKUP - has a high ratio
of continuous current or
voltage capacity to the
pickup value, from the
thermal standpoint.
INDUCTION-TYPE
Type of Relay Operating Principles Characteristics
SINGLE-QUANTITY INDUCTION Actuated from a single EFFECT OF
RELAYS current or voltage FREQUENCY – as cycles
source where the per second increases,
identical actuation pickup current also
quantity feeds both coils, increases at an initial high
with a set phase angle current point. At a starting
shift between them. point, current is observed
high, and when the effect
frequency implies current
decreases and returns
back to its high point as
cycles per second
increases.

EFFECT OF D-C OFFSET

- may be neglected with
inverse-time single relays.

RATIO OF RESET TO
PICKUP - inherently high
in induction relays;
because their operation
does not involve any
change in the air gap of
the magnetic circuit.

RESET TIME – a crucial

characteristic for a relay
that has a fast automatic
reclosing of circuit
breakers.

TIME
CHARACTERISTICS –
has inverse time
characteristic.
DIRECTIONAL INDUCTION Operates when power CONSTANT-PRODUCT -
RELAYS flows in a specific corresponds closely to the
direction. pickup current or voltage
of a single-quantity relay

EFFECT OF D-C OFFSET

AND OTHER
TRANSIENTS - effect of
transients may be
neglected with inverse
time relays, but, with high
speed relays, certain
transients may have to be
guarded against either in
the design of the relay or
in its application.

EFFECT OF
FREQUENCY - effect of
slight changes in
frequency such as are
normally encountered,
however, may be
neglected.

TIME
CHARACTERISTICS -
has inverse time
characteristic.