A23 HBR 01 Gen Ele Spe 0009 Rev b1

HASSI BIR REKAIZ FIELD DEVELOPMENT
PHASE 1
FRONT END ENGINEERING DESIGN
EARTHING AND LIGHTNING SPECIFICATION
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TOTAL OR PARTIAL AND / OR UTILIZATION OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE FORBIDDEN WITHOUT PRIOR WRITTEN
AUTHORIZATION OF THE OWNER
PTT EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED
HASSI BIR REKAIZ FIELD DEVELOPMENT

FRONT END ENGINEERING DESIGN
REV
Document Number :
HBR-01-GEN-ELE-SPE-0009 B1
Hassi Bir Rekaiz Field Development
Phase 1
CONTENTS
CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................ 2
HOLDS.................................................................................................................................... 4
ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................................. 5
INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 7
General .................................................................................................................... 7
Definitions ............................................................................................................... 8
Terminology ............................................................................................................ 8
CODES AND STANDARDS ....................................................................................... 9

General .................................................................................................................... 9
Order of Precedence .............................................................................................. 9
Algerian Government Requirements .................................................................... 9
Project Documents ................................................................................................. 9
International Codes and Standards ...................................................................... 9
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SITE DATA ...................................................................... 11

METEOROLOGICAL DATA .................................................................................. 11
SERVICE CONDITIONS ........................................................................................... 13

Electrical System .................................................................................................. 13
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS OF EARTHING SYSTEM ............................................. 14
CALCULATIONS ...................................................................................................... 15
Earthing Grid Earth Conductor Cross-Section Dimensioning ......................... 15
Protective Earth (PE) Conductor Cross-Section Dimensioning ....................... 15
Calculation of Touch Voltage for L.V. ................................................................. 15
UNDERGROUND PIPES .......................................................................................... 18
LIGHTNING PROTECTION ...................................................................................... 19

Composition of Risk Components Related to a Structure ............................... 19
Ideal Bonding of Lightning Protection Systems ................................................ 19
Surge Current and Voltage Levels ...................................................................... 20
Lightning Coupling Mechanisms ........................................................................ 20
Structural Steel Work and Equipotential Bonding ............................................ 21
Feeders and Waveguides from Towers .............................................................. 21
Building Fabric Protection ................................................................................... 21
Lattice Steel Towers / Masts ................................................................................ 22
HASSI BIR REKAIZ Development Project Document : HBR-01-GEN-ELE-SPE-0009

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Tanks and Vessels and Columns ........................................................................ 22

Buildings ............................................................................................................... 22
Control Buildings.................................................................................................. 22
Fences ................................................................................................................... 23
Floodlight Masts ................................................................................................... 23
Air Terminations ................................................................................................... 23
Air Finials .............................................................................................................. 23
Down Conductors ................................................................................................. 24
Earth Wells ............................................................................................................ 24
Bonds..................................................................................................................... 24
Joints ..................................................................................................................... 25
Test Points ............................................................................................................ 25
Indicating Plates ................................................................................................... 25
Earth Termination Networks ................................................................................ 25
Instrumentation Earthing ..................................................................................... 26
8.23.1 General ............................................................................................................ 26
8.23.2 Field Connections to Instruments .................................................................... 27
INSPECTION AND TESTING ................................................................................... 28

Earth Electrode Testing ....................................................................................... 28
Soil Resistivity Testing ........................................................................................ 28
Testing in Hazardous Areas ................................................................................ 28
Records ................................................................................................................. 29
Maintenance and Upkeep ..................................................................................... 29
QUALITY ASSURANCE ........................................................................................... 30

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HOLDS
Hold No. Section Description

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ABBREVIATIONS
The following terms are generic to the Hassi Bir Rekaiz Project and may be referred to in this
document:
GH Gathering Hub (Phase 1)

HBR Hassi Bir Rekaiz
PTTEP PTT Exploration and Production Public Company Ltd
REB Rhourde El Baguel
The following terms are referred to in this document:
A.C. Alternating current

ANSI American National Standards Institute
BTH Earth Marshalling Point (as per Detail ‘A’)
CSS Control and Safety System
D.C. Direct current
GRP Glass Reinforced Plastic
I Current
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
IEC International Electrotechnical Committee
IS Intrinsically Safe
K Cable Insulation Factor
kV Kilovolts
kVA Kilovoltamperes
kW Kilowatts
L.V. Low Voltage (≤1000V A.C.)
m Metre
mcb Miniature Circuit Breaker
mm Millimetre
MCC Motor Control Centre
M.V. Medium Voltage (>1000V A.C.)
PE Protective Earth
RA Risk component (injury to living beings – flashes to a structure)
RB Risk component (physical damage to a structure – flashes to a structure)
RC Risk component (failure of internal systems -flashes to a structure)
RD Risk for a structure due to flashes to the structure

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RM Risk component (failure of internal systems – flashes near a structure)

RU Risk component (injury to living being – flashes to a connected service)
RV Risk component (physical damage to structure flashes to a connected service)
RW Risk component (failure of internal systems – flashes to the connected service)
RZ Risk component (failure of internal systems – flashes near a service)
r.m.s Root Mean Square
S Cross-sectional Area of Earthing Conductor
s Second
SLD Single Line Diagram
TN-S Three Phase and Neutral and Separate Earth System
U Voltage (alternative to V)
V Voltage
Z Impedance

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Phase 1
INTRODUCTION
General
The Hassi Bir Rekaiz (HBR) permits consisting of Blocks 443a, 424a, 415ext and extending
to 414ext where it is located in the El Oued/Ouargla region, about 129 km to the east of
Hassi Messaoud base in Algeria.
The contract was awarded by ALNAFT to Consortium of PTTEP (Operator), CNOOC and
SONATRACH (SH) with the participation sharing of 24.5%, 24.5% and 51% respectively.
The current permits areas after the 2nd relinquishment comprise an area of 2,686.4 square
kilometer and the exploration activities are ongoing till May 25th 2017.
Figure 1-1: Project Location, Hassi Bir Rekaiz (HBR)
The Hassi Bir Rekaiz development project is an upstream project which Phase 1
development consisting of a number of oil wells, a gathering system and a Gathering Hub
(GH) with multiphase flow to Rhourde El Baguel (REB) via pipeline. In Phase 2, the
additional facilities, pipelines and related infrastructure will be installed in accordance with
full field development plan.

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Phase 1
Definitions
For the purpose of this specification, the following definitions apply:

CONTRACTING
JOINT OPERATING COMPANY
AUTHORITY OR
(SONATRACH/CNOOC/PTTEP)
“CA”
EPC Contractor or
The Contractor(s) appointed by the CA for the supply of the
equipment. Requirements of this specification shall be
CONTRACTOR
enforced at all levels of the CONTRACTOR’S procurement
process. CA shall have access to all CONTRACTOR’S
suppliers to the same extent as required of CONTRACTOR.
PURCHASER CA or CONTRACTOR
The party(s) which manufactures and/or supplies materials,

SUPPLIER/VENDOR equipment, technical documents/drawings and services to
perform the duties specified by PURCHASER.
PROJECT Hassi Bir Rekaiz Phase 1 Development

INDEPENDENT
VERIFICATION Inspection Body or Authority appointed by the CA
BODY
DPEM Direction des Patrimoines Energétiques et Miniers
ARH Agence de Regulation des Hydrocarbures
Terminology
The word “shall” is to be understood as a mandatory requirement.

The word “should” is to be understood as strongly recommended.
The word “may” is to be understood as an action to be undertaken at the Contractor’s
discretion.

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CODES AND STANDARDS
General
The design, construction and supply of the equipment shall be in accordance with the
latest revisions of the following specifications, data sheets, codes and standards.
Where national Algerian regulations, codes and standards exist, their recommendations
shall always apply. Such national regulations shall therefore supplement or amend the
provisions of this document.
Order of Precedence
In the event of any conflict between this specification and the documents listed herein,
the decreasing order of precedence shall be:
1. Algerian Government Legislation
2. This Specification
3. Referenced Project Specifications
4. Referenced Codes, Standards and Regulations (latest edition)
Algerian Government Requirements
The design shall meet the requirements and regulations of the Algerian Government and
Sonatrach including all laws, decrees and ordinances.
Project Documents
Project Documents consist of the following:
Document Number Description

HBR-01-GEN-ELE-BOD-0001 Electrical Design Basis
HBR-01-GEN-ELE-DWG-0002 Typical Earthing Block Diagram
HBR-01-GEN-ELE-SPE-0010 Electrical Installation and Inspection Specification
HBR-01-GEN-INS-SPE-0001 Control & Safety System Specification
HBR-01-GEN-TEL-SPE-0001 Telecommunications Systems Specification
International Codes and Standards
The Earthing and Lightning Protection system shall be designed, components

manufactured, system tested and delivered in accordance with the relevant sections of
the latest editions of the international codes and standards. Codes and standards used
for this project shall be the latest revisions including all addenda available at the time of
purchase order placement.
BS 6701 Telecommunications Equipment and
Telecommunications Cabling Specification for
Installation, Operation and Maintenance
BS 7430 Code of Practice for Earthing

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BS 7671 Requirements for Electrical Installations – IEE
Wiring Regulations
BS EN 41003 Particular Safety Requirements for Equipment to
be Connected to Telecommunication Networks
and / or a Cable Distribution System
BS EN 50174 Series Information Technology Cabling Installation
EI Part 1 Model Code of Safe Practice Part 1: Electrical
Safety Code
EI Part 21 Model Code of Safe Practice Part 21: Guidelines
for the Control of Hazards Arising from Static
Electricity
IEEE C62.41 Recommended Practice On Surge Voltages in
Low-Voltage A.C. Power Circuits
IEEE Std. 80 IEEE Guide for Safety in A.C. Substation
Grounding
IEEE Std. 142 IEEE Recommended Practice for Grounding of
Industrial and Commercial Power Systems
IEEE Std. 1100 IEEE Recommended Practice for Powering and
Grounding Electronic Equipment
IEC 60079 -14 Electrical Apparatus for Explosive Gas
Atmospheres. Electrical Installations in
Hazardous Area (other than mines)
IEC 60364-4-41 Low Voltage Electrical Installations – Part 4-41:
Protection for safety – Protection against electric
shock
IEC 60364-5-54 Electrical installation of buildings – Part 5-54:
Selection and Erection of Electrical Equipment –
Earthing Arrangements, Protective Conductors
and Protective Bonding Conductors
IEC 61000 Series Electromagnetic Compatibility
IEC 62151 Safety of Equipment Electrically Connected to a
Telecommunication Network
IEC 62305 Series Protection against Lightning
IEC 62561 Lightning protection system components (LPSC)
ISO 9001 Quality Management Systems Requirements

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ENVIRONMENTAL AND SITE DATA
METEOROLOGICAL DATA
Location:
Country Algeria
Altitude 110-172m (GH @ 132 m)
Climate Dry, sandy desert, environment
(Sahara)
Air:
Design minimum temperature -5°C
Maximum temperature for design 55°C
Design Temperature (maximum) for Turbo Machinery Rating 45° C
Maximum operating temperature for Storage Tank contents 56° C
Design temperature maximum for air coolers in critical 50°C
process service (e.g. oil rundown)
Design temperature maximum for air coolers in non-critical 45°C
process service
Design Temperature For Electric Motors 50°C
Black Bulb Temperature, Equipment Exposed to Direct 90°C
Sunlight
Average Medium Temperature – Winter 15°C
Average Medium Temperature – Summer 29°C
Medium Temperature - Annual 22°C
Typical Diurnal Temperature Range 27°C
Typical Rate of Change of Temperature 10 ºC / hr
HVAC Design Dry Bulb Temperature – Summer 50°C
HVAC Design Dry Bulb Temperature – Winter 0°C
Maximum humidity 97%
Minimum humidity 9%
Max. Soil Temp. 30°C at 1.0 m below grade
Min. Soil Temp. 10°C at 1.0 m below grade
Site atmospheric pressure 1028.7 mbar (maximum)
Rainfall:
Maximum monthly 57 mm
60 minutes max. 20 mm
24 hours max. 45 mm
Local Contamination:
Dust High
Saline Air Low
Sandstorms High
Wind:

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Maximum wind speed (for structural design) 50 m/s at +10m elevation

Normal wind speed (for equipment/machinery operation) 38 m/s at +10m elevation
Annual Medium 3.3 m/s
Prevailing wind direction Predominantly from the East
Seismic Design Criteria: Seismic Zone 0
Lightning: High concentration of direct
lightning phenomena during
seasonal storms

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SERVICE CONDITIONS
The earthing and lightning protection installations shall in all respects be suitable for operation
in the ambient temperatures detailed above. They shall have a design life of at least twenty
five years and require minimal periodic maintenance.
Electrical System
The Electrical System voltages and earthing arrangements are as follows:

• 400V – 3 phase, 50Hz, Unearthed (IT) with earth fault monitoring
• 230V – 1 phase, 50Hz, Unearthed (IT) with earth fault monitoring
• 400V – 3 phase, 50Hz , Neutral will be solidly earthed (TN-S) for non-battery backup
supply

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DESIGN REQUIREMENTS OF EARTHING SYSTEM
The Earthing and Lightning Protection System shall be designed to protect against electric
shock, both direct and indirect contact, build up of electrostatic discharge, and against
lightning strikes.
The earthing network shall consist of a main grid of bare copper conductors directly buried in
the ground and connected to bored earthing wells with surface link boxes to permit
measurement of earth resistance.
The secondary connections are made with green / yellow insulated copper flexible conductors
of suitable cross-sectional area.
The earthing of the diesel generators star point for the low voltage systems shall be carried
out by connecting the star point to the earth grid creating a TN-S earthing system as defined
in IEC 60364.
Each section of the earthing system shall be sized in accordance with the maximum earth
fault currents possible on the associated section of that circuit. Protective conductors shall
also be sized to minimize the earth loop impedance.
Earthing systems shall consist of earthing wells, earthing grids and equipment, earthing
conductors and above grade equipment e.g. connection buses (BTH); a typical schematic of
these components is shown on “Detail A”. The BTH shall be utilized as the measurement point
for earth system readings. For a more detailed view of the earthing system refer to the Overall
Earthing Block Diagram, document number HBR-01-GEN-ELE-DWG-0002.
Earthing grids shall consist of buried-conductor loops installed around all major process units,
building structures, and the electrical substation.
Concrete iron reinforcement of building and equipment foundations such as solar power
supplied, foundation piles, shall be bonded to the main earthing grids, whilst equipment
foundation bolting shall not be used for earthing purposes.
Earthing grids in adjacent process areas and other individual earthing systems shall be
interconnected, in order to ensure that all earthing systems operate at a common potential.
Earthing grids and conductors shall normally be of bare copper, according to the earthing
system installation.
Insulated copper conductors shall be required under more onerous conditions, such as
exposure to highly corrosive soil conditions, proximity to extensive underground piping
systems or buried metallic structures connected to cathodic protection systems.
Insulated earthing conductors shall normally be identified by green / yellow strip coloured
insulation.

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CALCULATIONS
Earthing Grid Earth Conductor Cross-Section Dimensioning
According to IEC 60364-5-54 para. 543.1.1, the cross-sectional area shall be not less
than the value determined by the following formula (applicable only for disconnection
times not exceeding 5s):
I2 ∗ t
S=
K
Where:
S = cross-sectional area, in square millimetres
I = value (A.C., r.m.s.) of fault current for a fault of negligible impedance, which can flow
through the protective device, in amperes
t = operating time of the disconnecting device, in seconds
K = factor dependent on the material of protective conductor, the insulation and other
parts and the initial and the final temperatures. In our case the “K” value is 228 according
to IEC 60364-5-54 Table 54E (Copper conductor at final temperature of 500°C for bare
conductor).
Protective Earth (PE) Conductor Cross-Section Dimensioning
The calculation criteria for the minimum PE conductor cross-sectional area are the same
as per section 6.1.
In L.V. systems, in situations where the short circuit is at a maximum, the equipment is
connected to the earth at more than one point in order to provide greater cross-sectional
area of PE than the main earth conductor.
In addition, in the case of fault on an external user, the fault current path to earth can
have multiple paths usually through a minimum of two paths; one through the PE (steel
wire armour inside the feeder cable) and the other through the earthing conductor
connected to the main grid, providing a cross-sectional area of PE bigger than the
minimum required.
Earth conductors shall be sized in accordance with the calculations shown in sections
6.1, but as a minimum the conductor sizes shall be as follows:
• 25mm2 if the earth cables are PVC insulated (to prevent corrosion) copper or steel
• 50mm2 if the earth cables are bare copper
• 75mm2 if the earth cables are bare steel
Calculation of Touch Voltage for L.V.
Low voltage users shall have the steel work frame connected to earth by means of two
separate conductors: the first earth conductor forming part of the power feed cable (PE,
the steel wire armour for example) and a second earth conductor separate from the feed
cable connecting the user frame to the local earthing network.
The following formula must be satisfied for protection against indirect contact:
Zs * Ia ≤ U0
Where:

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Zs = impedance of the fault loop comprising the source, the live conductor up to the point
of the fault and the protective conductor between the point of the fault and the source.
Ia = current causing the automatic operation of the disconnecting protective device within
the time stated in IEC 60364-4-41 Table 41A as a function of the nominal voltage U0 or,
under the conditions stated in the same Code in para. 413.1.3.5, within a conventional
time not exceeding 5s.
U0 = nominal A.C. r.m.s. voltage to earth (230V for BRS).
TABLE 41A (of IEC 60364) – maximum disconnecting time(s) for TN earthing systems.
U0 (V) Disconnecting time (s)

120 0.8
230 0.4
277 0.4
400 0.2
>400 0.1
To verify the touch voltage we apply the previous formula at the worst case, (under
emergency generator operation), where we have the lowest earth fault current (higher
distance and lowest cable cross section, hence maximum impedance).
For the proposed design case the maximum disconnection time for any circuit is 0.4s, in
order to satisfy the touch voltage requirements. The Contractor shall ensure during
detailed design that electrical protection and protective earth conductors are suitably
rated satisfying the requirements of both voltage and disconnection time.

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UNDERGROUND PIPES
All underground pipes employing cathodic protection shall have a suitable protective device
installed across each of the insulating barriers effectively connected to earth.
This device shall be capable of withstanding the voltage impressed on the underground pipe
by the cathodic protection system and in the event of lightning overvoltage limit the voltage
across the insulated barrier to a safe level.
Metal pipes are obviously prone targets for a lightning strike. The underground pipe will be
close to 'earth' potential. This will assist in equipotential bonding.
The underground pipe will have a cathodic protection system entailing isolation between
sections.
Protection will be required for the D.C. rectifier system supplying impressed current system
and for the isolation joints between sections of pipe with the D.C. supply voltage being
continuous and requiring a metal oxide style surge arresters. The isolator joints along the pipe
require surge protectors.

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LIGHTNING PROTECTION
The general earthing of the plant shall ensure that the plant is suitably earthed from the effects
of lightning strikes.
The site is situated in an area where there are a high number of lightning strikes per year and
the Contractor shall ensure during detail design that the requirements of this specification
have been met.
Composition of Risk Components Related to a Structure
Risk components to be considered for each type of loss in a structure are listed below:
R1: Risk of loss of human life:
R1 = RA + RB + RC(1) + RM(1) + RU + RV + RW(1) + RZ(1)
(1) Only for structures with risk of explosion and for hospitals with life-saving electrical
equipment or other structures when failure of internal systems immediately endangers
human life
R2: Risk of loss of service to the public:
R2 = RB + RC + RM + RV + RW + RZ
R3: Risk of loss of cultural heritage:
R3 =RB + RV
R4: Risk of loss of economic value:
R4 = RA(2) + RB + RC + RM + RU(2) + RV + RW + RZ
(2) Only for properties where animals may be lost.
Only risk components R1 & R4 are required to be considered for this project.
Ideal Bonding of Lightning Protection Systems
The functions of the earthing systems are various but for the purposes of Lightning
Protection they can be categorised as below:
a) To dissipate lightning surges
b) To limit fault current to and protect equipment from damage
c) To reduce electrical noise
d) As a power systems reference voltage
Because of the need to reconcile the above requirements, with their possible conflicting
demands into one integrated system the normal strategy is to consider each earthing
requirement as a sub-system. All these sub-systems form an equipotential point that will
be the centre of a star earthing arrangement.
As it is most important that every earth within a building remains at the same relative
potential at all times, to avoid flashover, this equipotential point must also be connected
to the Lightning Protection earth of the building or mast. Sub-systems for consideration
are:-

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a) Earth system diverting high energy lightning safely to earth via a low impedance
earth net
b) A.C. distribution systems earth affording personnel protection from shock
hazard and injury and providing a low impedance path from electrical
equipment back to source and ensuring correct operation of fuses, MCB's etc.
c) Radio frequency earth system carries only low levels of radio frequency current
but is a likely source of earth loop currents
d) Barrier equipment earth system conducting currents resulting from transferred
potential point
Where operational problems prevent equipment earth being bonded directly to the
building safety earth the use of a suitable suppresser between the equipment earths
should be considered.
Surge Current and Voltage Levels
Lightning characteristics are tabulated within IEC 62305-1, Table 5 – ‘Maximum values
of lightning parameters according to LPL’ and the lightning protection system will
discharge these potentially damaging currents to earth safely. In practice it is considered
that a 'few percent' will find its way into the electrical system of a building. It is considered
that if 10% of the total strike were taken as the maximum likely to penetrate the mains
distribution system with a good earthing system then protection against 20kA surges
would be necessary.
Lightning Coupling Mechanisms
For lightning discharges to cause damage to sensitive electronic equipment a direct

strike to the building is not necessary. An inter-cloud discharge or strike to ground some
kilometres away can cause a destructive transient overvoltage.
The coupling mechanisms causing transient voltage surges in cables, services etc.
entering or leaving a building are as follows:-
a) Direct strikes to electrical conductors
b) Earth potential rises due to nearby lightning strikes resulting in voltage
differences along the sheath of cables (transferred potential). Travelling
waves set up in this way will result in voltage coupling into "shielded" internal
power or data cables
c) Electromagnetic induction or couplings from parallel or nearby lightning
current carrying conductors or systems
d) High voltage surges transferred from potential rise elsewhere e.g. through the
metal piping of plant and sheaths of connected cables
The process of induced-transferred potential contributes far more to the risk of damage
than does the probability of a direct strike. This is because the dispersed cable routing
across the plant area increases the "catchment" area for transient voltage surges caused
by lightning.

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Structural Steel Work and Equipotential Bonding
The structural steel work and other metal items, such as cable tray, cable ladders etc.
shall be supplementary bonded to provide equipotential bonding and to reduce the risk
of static charge build up.
Feeders and Waveguides from Towers
A direct strike to the structure will cause extremely large currents flow to earth via the
tower members. Long vertical runs of feeder cable, particularly if attached to the outside
of a tower leg, could be subjected to induced voltage and currents.
An air terminal rod shall be provided on top of each tower to protect telecom antennae.
As far as protection from lightning is concerned, feeders and waveguides are safest
when run down the centre of a tower, since they are shielded from the effects of high
lightning currents by the many members of the tower structure i.e. they act as a Faraday
cage (This can only be achieved if the tower is constructed in a suitable manner).
When feeder cables are run down the legs of a structure such as a mast, it is impossible
to isolate them totally from the effects of lightning. Therefore it is important to solidly
bond to earth coaxial sheaths and waveguide casing at both top and bottom ends of the
vertical run. Feeder cables should be brought off the mast with the sharpest bend
permitted by the manufacturer's specification with the lowest earth bond made just prior
to the bend. On longer feeder runs additional bonding at approximately 30 metre
intervals minimises the risk of side flashing.
To limit any residual induced feeder sheath currents from entering the buildings and
hence equipment it is essential to earth all feeders and waveguides at the building entry
equipotential point and then to the Lightning Protection earth.
Feeder cables should be supported on the horizontal run between tower and equipment
building by being attached to the underside of cable trays or gantries thereby providing
an electrical shield from the effects of horizontally induced lightning currents. These
cables trays or gantries must be adequately bonded to the tower and the building
equipotential earth.
Antennae mounted on the roof of buildings should be constructed so that their metallic
elements provide a short circuit path for lightning currents between the antennae
elements and the sheath of the coaxial feeder. If this is not possible it may be necessary
to provide a discharge gap for the affected conductors. Antennae feeder cable sheaths
and supports should be bonded to the building lightning protection system. However, if
this is not available the antennae must be treated as lightning conductors and the down
conductors dimensioned as a lightning conductor tape.
Building Fabric Protection
The lightning protection of building fabric and the risk assessment for buildings is
comprehensively covered in IEC 62305. The following sections are intended to amplify
and clarify the above specifications where applicable.

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Lattice Steel Towers / Masts
Generally the metallic structure is rendered electrically and mechanically continuous by

its construction and satisfies metal thickness requirements.
Therefore the structure is suitable for utilising to act as the air termination and down
conductor path. It should be ensured that no aerial or dish mounted to the structure
projects above the top of the tower. If this is the case an air finial(s) shall be installed to
project above the aerial / dish concerned and bonded back into the structure.
Note: In certain satellite dish arrangements involving rotating axle mountings flexible
bonding links may need to be employed within the additional protection method.
One bonding conductor shall be connected to each leg of the tower or to the base of the
mast and taken to an earth termination network (to achieve an overall resistance to earth
of 1 ohm - together with any equipotential bonding that may be required).
Where guy wires are used to support the tower or mast it shall be ensured that the upper
ends of the wires are continuous with the structure, and the lower anchorage points
earthed by electrodes and interconnected into the ring earth conductor of the system.
Where associated buildings located beneath or local to the tower / mast fall outside of
the zone of protection provided by it, the lighting protection system installed to the
building should be interconnected with that of the tower / mast usually by way of the
earth ring conductor arrangements.
Tanks and Vessels and Columns
The shells of all tanks, the saddles of vessels and columns shall be permanently and
effectively earthed. In most cases their construction is of metal of adequate thickness
i.e. 5mm or over and electrically and mechanically continuous. Therefore the tank roof
and walls are suitable for utilising to act as their own air termination and down conductor
paths requiring the installation of low level bonds to earthing arrangements only as
described below.
Should the tank not be of adequate thickness, or have a non-metallic construction or
cladding, consideration should be given to providing a surface conductor tape system in
line with the recommendations of this specification.
Buildings
The buildings will be equipped with a Lightning Protection System as detailed in IEC
62305. To establish equipotential bonding the earthing conductors of all systems in a
building will be connected to a single point.
Control Buildings
All cables to and from the building, including the mains electricity supply, enter via cable
rack.
Marshalling cabinets will be provided in the under floor area, to terminate the incoming
cables and house the necessary surge protection devices. From these cabinets the
cables routed into the control room will be designated 'clean' and run in metal cable
trays, bonded and earthed to the equipotential bonding bar.
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Phase 1
Fences
Where the fence is constructed of electrically continuous metal, bonds shall be made to
it at 75m intervals (max) and / or at its corners, and connected via earth conductors to
either the earth termination network of the associated structure / plant it surrounds, or to
individual electrode positions.
Link gate posts via ground conductors and bond gates by flexible connections to
adjacent fence sections.
Floodlight Masts
A bond shall be formed to the mast at low level (assuming it to be of continuous metallic
construction), and connected via earth conductors to either the earth termination network
of adjacent or local structures or to individual electrode positions.
Should the mast be of non-metallic nature an air finial shall be installed, mounted to its
top, connected to a down conductor and applicable earth termination arrangement.
Air Terminations
Air termination networks should consist of vertical or horizontal conductors or a

combination of both depending on the type of structure to be protected. No part of the
roof (where applicable) should be more than 5m from the nearest conductor.
For flat roofs a surface air termination network mesh not exceeding a 20m x 10m grid
shall be inserted.
For structures classed as hazardous the mesh shall be reduced to a 10m x 5m maximum
grid.
For pitched roofs surface air termination conductors shall be installed to ridges, hips,
and eaves.
On large multiple ridge roofs further consideration may be required to establish the
conductor layout needed dependent on the ridge separation and pitch fall distances.
Where structures consist of portions of various heights and have more than one roof air
termination network the lower roof network should not only be joined to its own down
conductors, but also joined to the down conductors of the taller portions of the structure.
This will ensure that a lightning strike to a lower portion of the structure will not lead to
side flashing to other 'remote' down conductors and will provide a multi-down conductor
path for the lightning current to disperse.
Air Finials
Surface conductors tapes shall be used in junction with single point air finials not less
than 0.3m high.
For pitched roof layouts they shall be mounted to salient ridge level(s) at evenly spaced
intervals not exceeding 10 metres.
For flat roof grid layouts they shall be fixed at each intersection and at intermediate
positions along the horizontal conductors spaced no more than 10m apart.

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Phase 1
All metallic cladding, projections etc. on or above the main roof surface shall be bonded
to the lightning protection system.
Down Conductors
Down conductors systems shall where possible take the most direct route from the air
termination to the earth termination network.
No joints, apart from the test point, should be installed in a down-conductor.
They should be externally installed and located symmetrically around the outside walls
of the structure starting from the external corners. Routing and locations to avoid side
flashing shall be considered.
The number shall be one for each 20m or part thereof of the perimeter at roof or ground
level, whichever is the greater, for structures up to 20m in height. For structures over
20m in height the spacing should be reduced to 10m or part thereof.
For structures classed as hazardous the down conductors should be spaced at 10m or
part thereof.
Earth Wells
A number of earth wells shall be drilled to achieve the desired resistance to earth of 1
ohm. The number shall be determined on site based on the soil resistivity survey and
the measured values of resistance to earth of the earthing system. Only when the
desired resistance to earth value is reached will the number of earth wells be deemed
to be satisfactory.
The depth of each earth well shall be determined at site depending on the soil resistivity
found during the construction process and this will have to be assessed by the
Contractor.
Connections from the earth wells to the earth mat shall be made to complete the earthing
network.
Earth wells shall be bored into the ground as close as practicable to structures and / or
down conductors.
Bonds
Where surface tapes are installed to steel frame and / or block work structures having
either metallic or non-metallic cladding, consideration shall be made to forming bonds
between the lightning protection system and the following where applicable:
• Metallic ridge capping at maximum 20m intervals
• Metallic roof cladding and / or structural steel frames at down conductor positions
• Metallic guttering at down conductor positions
• Metallic parapet copings at down conductor positions
• Roof mounted plant, metallic vents / flues, aerial support poles and other salient
metallic projections on or above the roof

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Phase 1
• Equipotential bond to the main electrical earth bar / terminal from either the nearest
down conductor position (above the test point) or earth termination network inspection
pit earth bar, whichever is applicable
Bonds shall be mechanically and electrically effective and carried out by the use of
propriety clamp / bolted type connections.
To avoid corrosion contact surfaces shall be of adequate area, clean and dry. Suitable
inhibitor paste should be applied to exclude moisture ingress with the finial bonded
connection area wrapped in an approved petroleum - wax - based thixotropic tape
dressing to facilitate future periodic inspection.
Where dissimilar metals require interconnecting propriety bi-metallic joints will be
utilised.
External bonding conductors should have a cross sectional area not less than that
employed for the main lightning protection system conductors.
Joints
The Lightning Protection system shall have as few joints as possible.

Joints shall be mechanically and electrically effective and carried out by the use of
proprietary clamp type connections.
Where overlapping joints occur the overlap shall not be less than 25mm for all
conductors. The contact area should be clean and dry and anti-corrosion inhibitor paste
applied.
Test Points
Test points shall be provided to each down conductor comprising of gunmetal oblong
type for copper to copper tape junctions.
The test points should, if possible be mounted approximately 1 metre above ground
level.
Indicating Plates
Plates indicating the position, number and type of each electrode shall be fitted above
each test point locations.
Earth Termination Networks
A common earth termination network for the lightning protection system and all other
services shall be established.
The whole of the earth termination network shall have a combined resistance to earth
not exceeding 1 ohm maximum (resistance of grid and termination), without taking into
account any bonding to other services.
For permanent structures a ring earth electrode (conductor) interconnecting the
individual earth wells shall be installed at least 0.7m below ground and according to the
soil resistivity, preferably passing below incoming services.

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Phase 1
Buried ring earth conductors when installed as described above can be considered as
part of the earth termination network and should be taken into account when assessing
the overall resistance to earth value of the installation.
The conductor between the earth termination network and down conductor shall be of
25 x 3mm bare copper conductor.
Considerations for hazardous classed structures; Earth termination networks should be
located outside of any area classified as being potentially hazardous.
Instrumentation Earthing
8.23.1 General
The instrumentation systems covered in this section may include one or more of
each of the following cubicles:
a) Auxiliary fields interface cubicles (to receive incoming cables from field plant and
provide Zener of galvanic isolation where appropriate
b) Signal conditioning cubicles
c) ESD cubicles
d) CSS cubicles
For instrumentation purposes the resistance of the power system network to true
earth should not exceed 1 ohm.
‘Loops’ should be avoided in instrument earthing systems.
The principles of earthing instrumentation systems with and without Zener barrier
diodes are illustrated in the Typical Earthing Block Diagram, document number HBR-
01-GEN-ELE-DWG-0002.
A protective earth bar shall be provided in each control room / building containing
CSS systems / instrumentation cubicles.
The exterior metalwork of all instrumentation cubicles and all other cubicles within
the room / building shall be connected to the protective earth bar.
The protective earth bar shall be connected to the main power system plant earthing
conductor ring.
A separate insulated instrument (‘clean’) earth bar shall also be provided in each
control room / building. The instrument earth bar shall be connected radially by
insulated conductor to the instrument earth bars in all instrument cubicles and to the
protective (‘dirty’) earth bar.
Where there is only one instrumentation cubicle, the need for an external marshalling
bar is eliminated and the cubicle instrument earth shall be directly connected to the
protective earth conductor.
Where Zener barriers are being used in hazardous areas an additional Intrinsically
Safe (IS) insulated earth bar shall be provided. This shall be connected radially by
insulated earth conductor to the IS earth bus bars in all auxiliary field interface
cubicles and to the instrument earth bar.

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Phase 1
8.23.2 Field Connections to Instruments

In all cases the cable screen shall be isolated from earth at the field instrument.
(earthed only at the instrument earth bar in the control room).
Where the field instrument housing is Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP), or continuity
from the housing to the protective earth cannot be guaranteed, separate earthing
conductors shall be provided from each gland to the nearest point on the protective
earth network.

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Phase 1
INSPECTION AND TESTING
All Lightning Protection systems should be visually inspected and electrically tested by a
competent person during installation, after completion and after any alteration or additions to
it have been carried out in order to verify the specification.
Inspection and testing should be repeated at fixed intervals not exceeding 12 months. It should
ideally be carried out during the dry season at which time the resistivity of the ground should
be at its highest, and therefore the efficiency of the earth termination network will be at its
lowest.
Earth Electrode Testing
Method A
• The basic method of testing single electrodes or small earth systems, is commonly
known as the 61.8% method
• Once all connections are made the test may be carried out and the reading taken
• It may be remembered that to obtain a more accurate reading, a further two tests are
recommended and the average of the three to be the final value of the electrode under
test
• The distance of test spike 'C' should be about 15m for single electrodes, but for larger
electrodes or multiples in parallel a distance could be increased to possibly 50m or
more
The potential test spike 'P' for the above example would be sited 61.8% of the total
distance, i.e. at 15m the 'P' spike would be 9m and at 50m the 'P' spikes would be 31m.
Method B
a) The method of testing against another earth is known as a dead earth test
b) The tester is operated in the normal way and the reading obtained is the resistance
of the earth electrode, combined with that of the "dead earth"
If the resistance of the dead earth can be taken as being negligible, then the reading
obtained is that of the earth electrode.
Soil Resistivity Testing
Soil resistivity testing is based on a fall of potential method for earth electrode testing.
The test, and subsequent calculations, can offer a guide as to the extent and method
that will be required for the earth termination network.
Testing in Hazardous Areas
Strict precautions should be adhered to when carrying out or using test instruments in
areas that are classed as Hazardous where flammable gas or vapours are or maybe
present.
Reference should be made to IEC 60079-14 for procedures and guidance as to the type
test instructions that can or cannot be used in certain conditions and situations.

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Phase 1
Records
The following records in the form of a logbook or maintenance Manual should be kept
on site or by the person responsible for the upkeep of the Lightning Protection system
upon completion of an installation:
a) Scale drawings indicating dimensions, materials and position of all component parts
of the system
b) The nature of the soil and any special earthing arrangements
c) The type and position of the earth electrodes include reference electrodes if
applicable
d) The test conditions and results obtained from initial and periodic testing as outlined in
section four
e) Any alterations, additions or repairs to the system
f) The name of the person responsible for the installation or its upkeep
g) The above should apply to both a new or existing installation.
Maintenance and Upkeep
The periodic inspection / testing should highlight what maintenance if any is needed to
the system. Particular attention should be given to the following:
• Earth termination network resistance readings
• Evidence of alterations and / or additions to the structure or plant which may affect
the Lightning Protection system (this may include, but not be limited to, changes in
the use of the structure or installation by the addition of metalwork, corrosion or
conditions that may induce corrosion)

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Phase 1
QUALITY ASSURANCE
A Quality Control System in accordance with ISO 9001 “Quality Management Systems -
Requirements” shall be adopted throughout the various phases of the project (engineering,
fabrication, assembly, testing and Inspection).

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Date : 05/05/ 2017
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HASSI BIR REKAIZ FIELD DEVELOPMENT

FRONT END ENGINEERING DESIGN

EARTHING AND LIGHTNING SPECIFICATION

B1 05/05/2017 WTH Issued for Approval PJU CKO

PTT EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED

HASSI BIR REKAIZ FIELD DEVELOPMENT

CODES AND STANDARDS ....................................................................................... 9

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SITE DATA ...................................................................... 11

SERVICE CONDITIONS ........................................................................................... 13

DESIGN REQUIREMENTS OF EARTHING SYSTEM ............................................. 14

UNDERGROUND PIPES .......................................................................................... 18

LIGHTNING PROTECTION ...................................................................................... 19

HASSI BIR REKAIZ Development Project Document : HBR-01-GEN-ELE-SPE-0009

Tanks and Vessels and Columns ........................................................................ 22

INSPECTION AND TESTING ................................................................................... 28

QUALITY ASSURANCE ........................................................................................... 30

HASSI BIR REKAIZ Development Project Document : HBR-01-GEN-ELE-SPE-0009

Hold No. Section Description

HASSI BIR REKAIZ Development Project Document : HBR-01-GEN-ELE-SPE-0009

GH Gathering Hub (Phase 1)

The following terms are referred to in this document:

A.C. Alternating current

HASSI BIR REKAIZ Development Project Document : HBR-01-GEN-ELE-SPE-0009

RM Risk component (failure of internal systems – flashes near a structure)

HASSI BIR REKAIZ Development Project Document : HBR-01-GEN-ELE-SPE-0009

Figure 1-1: Project Location, Hassi Bir Rekaiz (HBR)

HASSI BIR REKAIZ Development Project Document : HBR-01-GEN-ELE-SPE-0009

For the purpose of this specification, the following definitions apply:

The party(s) which manufactures and/or supplies materials,

PROJECT Hassi Bir Rekaiz Phase 1 Development

ARH Agence de Regulation des Hydrocarbures

The word “shall” is to be understood as a mandatory requirement.

HASSI BIR REKAIZ Development Project Document : HBR-01-GEN-ELE-SPE-0009

CODES AND STANDARDS

Project Documents consist of the following:

Document Number Description

International Codes and Standards

The Earthing and Lightning Protection system shall be designed, components

HASSI BIR REKAIZ Development Project Document : HBR-01-GEN-ELE-SPE-0009

Document Number Description

HASSI BIR REKAIZ Development Project Document : HBR-01-GEN-ELE-SPE-0009

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SITE DATA

HASSI BIR REKAIZ Development Project Document : HBR-01-GEN-ELE-SPE-0009

Maximum wind speed (for structural design) 50 m/s at +10m elevation

HASSI BIR REKAIZ Development Project Document : HBR-01-GEN-ELE-SPE-0009

The Electrical System voltages and earthing arrangements are as follows:

HASSI BIR REKAIZ Development Project Document : HBR-01-GEN-ELE-SPE-0009

DESIGN REQUIREMENTS OF EARTHING SYSTEM

HASSI BIR REKAIZ Development Project Document : HBR-01-GEN-ELE-SPE-0009

Earthing Grid Earth Conductor Cross-Section Dimensioning

HASSI BIR REKAIZ Development Project Document : HBR-01-GEN-ELE-SPE-0009

U0 (V) Disconnecting time (s)

HASSI BIR REKAIZ Development Project Document : HBR-01-GEN-ELE-SPE-0009

HASSI BIR REKAIZ Development Project Document : HBR-01-GEN-ELE-SPE-0009

HASSI BIR REKAIZ Development Project Document : HBR-01-GEN-ELE-SPE-0009

Composition of Risk Components Related to a Structure

Ideal Bonding of Lightning Protection Systems

HASSI BIR REKAIZ Development Project Document : HBR-01-GEN-ELE-SPE-0009

Surge Current and Voltage Levels

Lightning Coupling Mechanisms

For lightning discharges to cause damage to sensitive electronic equipment a direct

HASSI BIR REKAIZ Development Project Document : HBR-01-GEN-ELE-SPE-0009