Installation Guide

GSA Inclinometer Casing

Model 7040
Date: 09/10/2003
Revision: 3
Drawn: Matthew Crawford
 1/72 Bayfield Road, Bayswater VIC 3153 Australia
Telephone: +61 (0)3 9720 5950
Fax: +61 (0)3 9720 5942
Email: geotech@hmagroup.com.au
www.hmagroup.com.au
Geotechnical Systems Australia is a division of Halley & Mellowes Pty Ltd
ABN 83 000 558 627

No part of this instruction manual may be reproduced, by any means, without the written consent of Geotechnical Systems Australia. The
information contained within is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Geotechnical Systems Australia assumes no responisbility
for errors, omissions, or misinterpetation. The information within is subject to change without notification.
Table of Contents
Introduction (Page 1) Breif about Product

Chart (Page 2) Installation Flow Chart

Istallation Procedure (Page 1-20) Chart Below

Installation Record (Page 21) Example Sheet

Installation Guide Shortcut Key

Step 1: Install End Cap Page 3

Step 2: Attach Steel Support Cable Page 4
Step 3: Attach Grout Pipes Page 5
Step 4: Add Water to Casing Page 6
Step 5: Lower and Clamp Casing Page 7
Step 6: Check Orientation of Casing Page 8
Step 7: Add Extra Length of Casing Page 9
Step 8: Tape Grout Pipes to Casing Page 12
Step 9: Add Additional Grout Pipes as Required Page 12
Step 10: Is the Casing Correctly Installed Page 12
Step 11: Disassemble Casing Page 13
Step 12: Trim Casing Page 14
Step 13: Run Test Probe Page 15
Step 14: Cap the Casing Page 15
Step 15: Pea Gravel Backfilling Page 16
Step 16: Poured Grout Backfilling Page 17
Step 17: Tremie Grout Casing Page 19
Step 18: Protect and Cap Casing Page 20
Step 19: Take Base Readings Page 20
Introduction:

This manual provides guidance on the installation of Geotechnical Systems Australia’s (G.S.A.)

Inclinometer Casing Model 7040. Thedistinctive yellow high impact ABS plastic (70mm O.D.) is
high in strength, flexible, light weight and corrosion resistant. The unique jointing system makes
it easy to assemble and is self aligning, watertight, strong and flush coupling. Disassembly and
reassembly, if required, is quick and easy. The jointing system eliminates the need for solvent
cements with individual couplings and reduces the required hole diameter to a minimum.

To install the GSA inclinometer casing simply follow the flow chart on page 2. Detailed
explanations are provided by turning to the step number which appears just above the box in the
flow chart.

1
 ▶
Install End Cap

▶
Is the Hole
Deeper then
Y ▶
40m? Attach steel support
▶ cable
N
▶

Is the hole N ▶
shallow?
Attach grout pipes
Y ▶
▶

▶ Is the hole dry?

N ▶
Add water to casing
Y ▶
▶

Lower and clamp casing

▶

Check orientation
of casing
▶

Is casing at Y ▶ Is casing N▶ Disassemble casing

desired depth correctly instllaed
N
Y
▶

Add extra length

▶

of casing Trim Casing

▶

Check Casing orientation

▶

N Are grout pipes

▶

▶
fitted Run dummy probe

Y
▶

Cap Casing
▶

Tape pipes to
casing
▶

Are grout pipes N▶ Backfill With

fitted
▶

Add additional Y
▶
▶

grout pipes as (a) pea gravel

required Tremie grout casing
OR
▶

(b) poured grout

▶

Protect and cap casing

▶

Take base readings

2
STEP 1 : Install end cap

(a) Snap the end cap (7040-2-2) onto the male end of the inclinometer casing using the key as a
guide.

(b) Feed the plastic strip (7040-3) through the feed hole until the end is visible through the feed
hole. Ensure that the serrated side faces outward.

(c) Trim the excess plastic strip.

Inclinometer Casing (7040-1)

▶

Key Plastic Strip (7040-3)

▶
▶

Key Way
▶ ▶
Plastic Strip Feed Hole

3
STEP 2 : Attach steel support cable

For boreholes deeper than 40 metres attach a 3mm diameter

steel wire cable just above the end cap to support the casing
weight. Use 3 cable clamps to attach the steel cable and then
wrap with about 200mm of adhesive tape to prevent snagging. Allow sufficient cable length so
that the casing can be anchored to a nearby piece of equipment such as a drilling rig. The cable is
then fed out as required.

Inclinometer Casing
▶
Tape
3mm Dia.
▶ steel
cable

Cable Clamp
▶ 200mm
▶

End Cap

4
STEP 3 : Attach grout pipes

Tremie pipe grouting is the preferred method of grouting. This technique can be applied to both
dry and water-filled boreholes. For deep boreholes grouting should be done in stages. This will
require multiple grout pipes to be attached to the casing. As the spacing of the grout tubes is
mainly dependent upon the ground conditions, no general recommendations on grout tube
spacing can be made.

During grouting the casing

should be filled with water.
This achieves two things :

(i) reduces the likelihood of

grout ingress into the casing.

(ii) reduces the net pressure of

the grout.

A minimum of two grout tubes

need to be attached near the
bottom of the casing. One
within 300mm of the bottom
and the other
5 metres above the bottom.
▶

(a) Use 20mm diameter LDPE

tubing with the bottom end
cut at 45 oand three holes cut
in the side of the tubing over Side Hole Aprr
the last metre.
ox. 5

(b) Clearly mark the grout

m

tubes at the upper end.

▶
(c) Tape each grout tube in
position, ensuring the side
holes are not covered. 20mm Dia LDPE hose cut ▶
at 45o
Inclinometer Casing
▶

Appr m
300m

Tape
ox.

End Cap
▶

5
Step 4 : Add water to casing

In a water-filled borehole the casing needs to have a slightly negative buoyancy. Slowly add water
to the inclinometer casing until negative buoyancy is achieved and the inclinometer slowly sinks.

Negative Bouyancy

Inclinometer Casing Water Level

Water

Positive Bouyancy
▶

Inclinometer Casing

Drill Casing
▶
▶

Borehole Water Level

Inclinometer Water Level

6
STEP 5 : Lower and clamp casing

(a) Lower casing so that the next length of casing can be easily added.

(b) Hold casing in position with a chain clamp resting on the collar of the borehole if necessary.

Steel Support Cable

Inclinometer Casing Chain Clamp

Drill Casing
▶

7
STEP 6 : Check orientation of casing

Having decided in which direction the expected ground movement will be, the inclinometer casing
then needs to be correctly orientated. One pair of opposing internal grooves needs to be aligned
in the direction of the expected ground movement. These are denoted as the A Axis, A0 faces in
the direction of expected movement and A180 faces away.

The remaining grooves are denoted as the B Axis, as shown below. Rotate casing to achieve
correct orientation.

Expected Direction of Ground Movement

▶
B180

A180 A0

Inclinometer Casing

B0

Plan View

8
STEP 7 : Add extra length of casing

The main features of GSA’s inclinometer casing are illustrated below.

Female End

▶ Plastic Strip Feed Hole

▶
Key Way

▶
Inclinometer Casing

▶
Key
O-Ring
▶

Male End

9
(a) Push the male end into the female end, make sure that the keyway is correctly aligned. This
assures that the internal grooves align.

Ensure that the O Ring (A) does not catch on the Keyway (B).

▶
▶
▶

(B) Key Way

(A) O-Ring

10
(b) Feed the plastic strip (7040-3) clockwise through the feed hole until the end is visible through
the feed hole. Ensure that the serrated side faces outward.

(c) Cut off the excess plastic strip and tape the end to the outside of the casing. Leave just
enough protruding that the strip can be removed if required.

Plastic
Strip

▶
▶
Plastic
Strip Feed
Key Hole

11
STEP 8 : Tape grout pipes to casing

Tape the grout pipes to the inclinometer casing at 3 metre intervals

STEP 9 : Add additional grout pipes as required

As discussed in STEP 3., the provision of more than the minimum two grout pipes will depend
mainly on the ground conditions encountered in the borehole. Additional grout pipes should also
be added to deep boreholes in competent ground to limit the
grout pressure on the inclinometer casing.

(a) Use 20mm diameter LDPE tubing with the bottom end cut at 45 oand three holes cut in the
side of the tubing over the last metre.

(b) Clearly mark the grout tube.

(c) Tape tube in position, ensuring that the side holes are not covered.

Step 10 : Is the Case Correctly Installed?

Stop and check that the casing has been correctly installed. Ensure that the orientation of the
casing is correct, the correct depth has been achieved and that the grout pipes are not blocked.

This is the last chance to remove the inclinometer casing (See step 11) as once it is grouted, it will
be a permanent instllation.

12
Step 11 : Disassemble Casing

1) The casing is disassembled by first removing the plastic strip (7040-3)

2) Pull back the casing section to expose the “O”Ring, at the plastic strip feed hole.

3) Using a pair of long nose pliers, the “O”Ring is then fully extracted through the plastic tube
feed hole.

4) “O”Ring is then cut with a knife blade, and the “O”Ring is then fully extracted through the
plastic tube feed hole.

5) Upon completion of the “O”Ring removal, the casings will then pull back further, completing the
disassemble.

6) To allow reassembly, a NEW “O”ring is required. Extra “O”rings are located in the casing boxes.

Extract
‘O’Ring

▶
▶

Cut ‘O’Ring
here

13
STEP 12 : Trim casing

When the casing is fully assembled in the borehole, cut the excess off. Allow at least 0.5m of
casing to project above the adjacent ground level.

CUT HERE

Inclinometer

At Least 500mm
Casing

Drill Casing

14
STEP 13 : Run Dummy Probe

To ensure that the casing has been assembled correctly and is

clear prior to backfilling run a dummy inclinometer probe over the full length of the casing. The
probe should run smoothly within both sets of grooves. Small irregularities may occur at casing
joints, which are at 3 metre intervals.

STEP 14 : Cap the Casing

Place top cap (7040-2-1) on inclinometer casing to prevent ingress of backfill or debris material.
The cap must not be glued on.

End Cap

Inclinometer
Casing

15
STEP 15 : Pea Gravel Backfilling

Pea gravel is a pea sized rounded aggregate that flows easily down the borehole. It is particularly
suited to highly permeable ground and can be used in dry or water-filled boreholes. Substitutes
such as sand or concrete aggregate should be used with caution as they
can easily bridge or choke during installation.

(a) Pour pea gravel into the borehole, slowly withdrawing the drillhole casing.

(b) Occassionally shake the inclinometer casing to ensure that the pea gravel fills the annulus.

Inclinometer
Casing
▶
Pea Gravel
Drill Casing
▶
▶
▶ ▶

Pull Drill
Ground Level Casing

Pea Gravel

16
STEP 16 : Poured Grout Backfilling
Grout is the generally preferred backfill medium. However, it cannot
be used in highly permeable ground. Bentonite may be added to
increase the grout viscosity and weaken it’s strength to match that of the ground.

Poured grout should be limited to dry shallow holes. Ideally the tremie grout method should be
adopted for deep and/or water filled
boreholes.

(a) Either place a drill rod in the bottom of the

inclinometer casing or add 2-3 metres of
water to give the casing negative bouyancy.
Grout
(b) Pour the grout slowly into the borehole
annulus to an initial depth of 1 metre. Ensure
that the drill casing, if present, is
withdrawn clear of the grout.

(c) Pour a bucket of water down the borehole

annulus to wash off any grout adhering to the
drill casing.

(d) Allow grout time to set. ▶

▶
Ground Level Pull Drill
Casing
▶

Grout
Drill Casing
▶
▶

Inclinometer
Casing
1m

17
(d) Ensure that sufficient water is in the inclinometer casing to
prevent flotation of the inclinometer casing.

Water and grout levels should be maintained within 10 m of each other.

(e) Pour grout into the drillhole annulus. Ensure that the drillhole casing is always sufficiently
withdrawn to be above the level of the grout. Maintain an adequate water level inside the
inclinometer casing to prevent flotation.

(f) Add grout until it reaches the collar of the drillhole.

(g) Top up the following day and form a mound of grout to drain surface water away from the
drillhole

Water

Grout

Ground Level
▶

Inclinometer
Casing

18
STEP 17 : Tremie Grout Backfilling
Tremie grouting is the preferred method of grouting and can be applied to both dry or water filled
boreholes.
(a) Pull the drillhole casing up 4 metres from the bottom of the borehole.

(b) Grout the bottom 2 metres by pumping grout in the bottom grout tube. Measure the volume of
grout to
ensure that the grout will not reach the drillhole casing. The grout will displace the water in the
borehole.

(c) Flush the next grout pipe with water to ensure that it is clear of grout and allow time for the
grout to set.

(d) Ensure that sufficient water is in the inclinometer

casing to prevent flotation of the inclinometer casing.

(e) Withdraw the drillhole casing to 2 metres above the next grout tube.

(f) Grout the next stage using a measured volume of grout and slowly add water as required to
maintain the level of water inside the inclinometer casing at a level ~ 5 - 10 metres above the
current grout level in the drillhole. This is important to prevent grout entering the inclinometer.

(g) Again flush the next pipe and allow time for the grout to set.

(h) Repeat STEPS 17(d) to 17(g) inclusive until all grout tubes have been used. For the final stage
add grout until it reaches the collar of the drillhole. Top up the following day and form a mound of
grout to drain surface water away from the drillhole.

STEP 18 : Protect and Cap Casing

(a) Provide suitable protection for the protruding inclinometer casing, such as a large tyre. A
lockable cover (8070-1) may also be used. Ensure that the inclinometer survey equipment will fit
onto the casing with the lockable cover frame in position.

(b) Clearly mark the A0 axis direction for future users.

(c) Install top cap, do not glue the top cap onto the casing.

STEP 19 : Take Base Readings

(a) Wait until the grout has cured.

(b) If required, pump water from the inclinometer casing. This is not necessary with the GSA or
Sinco probes.

(c) Run the dummy probe over the full length of the casing to check that there are no obstructions.

(d) Take two complete surveys on all four faces. These will be the base readings that all
subsequent data are compared against.

Note : In soft soils the usual grout mix may be too stiff and a higher percentage of
bentonite may be added to the grout mix.

19
Installation Record
Borehole No.: Installed By:
Client:
Job No.: Date:

Drilling Details
Start Date:
End Date:
Borehole Depth:
Contractor:
Borehole Diameter:
Casing Diameter:

Design Details
Ground Elevation: Brg of A Axis (intended):
Inclinmoeter Depth (Intended):
No. of 3m Lengths Required: No. of 3m Lengths On Site:
Backfill/Grout Mix Required:
Quantity (m3): Quantity (litres/m of Borehole:

As Built Details
No. of Length Used: No. of Lengths Remaining:
Installed Depth: Actual Brg of A Axis:
Backfill/Grout Mix Used:
Quantity (m3):

Testing
Probe Tracked Both Pairs of Grooves Prior to Grouting (Y/N):
Grout in Hole (Y/N):
Probe Tracked Both Pairs of Grooves After Grouting (Y/N):
Base Readings Taken (Y/N):

Comments:

20
VIC
Melbourne - GSA Head Office
1/72 Bayfield Road, Bayswater VIC 3153
Tel: +61 (0)3 8720 6700
Fax: +61 (0)3 8720 6799
Email: melbourne@hmagroup.com.au

Morwell
8 Jones Road, Morwell VIC 3840
Tel: + 61 (0)3 5136 8400
Fax: +61 (0)3 5136 8499
Email: morwell@hmagroup.com.au

QLD
Brisbane
3rd Floor, 49 Sherwood Road, Toowong QLD 4066
Tel: +61 (0)7 3859 6800
Fax: +61 (0)7 3859 6869 NSW
Email: brisbane@hmagroup.com.au Wyong - HMA Group Head Office
10 Hereford Street, Berkeley Vale NSW 2261
Mackay
PO Box 5010 Chittaway NSW 2261
22-30 Southgate Drive,
Tel: +61 (0)2 4389 6191
Southgate Industrial Park, Paget QLD 4740
Fax:+ 61 (0)2 4389 6199
Tel: +61 (0)7 4998 6900
Email: info@hmagroup.com.au
Fax:+61 (0)7 4998 6999
Email: mackay@hmagroup.com.au Sydney
13 Sirius Road, Lane Cove NSW 2066
Gladstone
Tel: +61 (0)2 9428 7300
9 Neil St, Gladstone QLD 4680
Fax: +61 (0)2 9428 7399
Tel: +61 (0)7 4973 5500
Email: sydney@hmagroup.com.au
Email: gladstone@hmagroup.com.au
Singleton
Townsville
21 Magpie St, McDougall’s Hill, NSW 2330
36 Rendle Street Aitkenvale QLD 4814
Tel: +61 (0)2 6571 8200
Tel: +61 (0)7 44 212 600
Email: singleton@hmagroup.com.au
Fax: +61 (0)7 44 212 699
Email: townsville@hmagroup.com.au
New Zealand
WA Hamilton
Unit 9, 9 Karewa Place, Pukete, Hamilton NZ 3200
Perth
Tel: +64 (0)7 847 1880
119 Dowd Street, Welshpool WA 6106
Fax: +64 (0)7 847 1883
Tel: +61 (0)8 6254 9500
Email: hamilton@hmagroup.co.nz
Fax:+61 (0)8 6254 9599
Email: perth@hmagroup.com.au Wellington
Tel: +64 (0)7 847 1880
SA Mobile: +64 272 612 744
Adelaide Email: wellington@hmagroup.co.nz
PO Box 1280, North Haven SA 5018
Dunedin
Tel: +61 (0)8 8341 8067
Mobile: +64 (0) 275 116 694
Mobile: +61 (0)437 460 032
Email: dunedin@hmagroup.co.nz
Email: adelaide@hmagroup.com.au
Halley & Mellowes Australasia Group of Companies

Geotechnical
PMS 100% CYAN PMS 349C
Systems Australia