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Communicative Strategies in Various Speech

Lesson III
Situations

Intended Learning Outcomes: At the end of this chapter, the students are expected to:

1. Know and understand the different functions of communication

2. Gain communicative competence through different strategies and situation

3.1 Types of Speech Context

Intrapersonal Communication

The kind of communication that occurs within us. It involves thoughts,

feelings, and the way we look at ourselves. Because intrapersonal
communication is centered in the self, you are the only sender-receiver. The
message is made up of your thoughts and feelings. The channel is your brain,
which processes what you are thinking and feeling. There is feedback in the
sense that you talk to yourself or discard certain ideas and replace them with
others. Even though you are not directly communicating with others in intra-
personal communication, the people and the experiences you have had
determine how you “talk” to yourself. For example, if you had a good day,
you are likely to look at your-self in a positive way. If a teacher was
disappointed with your work, or if you had a fight with a fellow student, you
are likely to focus more on your depression or anger. You can never look at
yourself without being influenced by the relationships you have with others.
Interpersonal Communication

Interpersonal communication is the process by which people exchange

information, feelings, and meaning through verbal and non-verbal messages:
it is face-to-face communication. When two or more people are in the same
place and are aware of each other's presence, then communication is taking
place, no matter how subtle or unintentional. Without speech, an observer
may be using cues of posture, facial expression, and dress to form an
impression of the other's role, emotional state, personality and/or
intentions. Although no communication may be intended, people receive
messages through such forms of non-verbal behavior.
 Module 1 (Write Course No) Name: ____________________________________________
Activity No. 3.1 Program/Year: ____________Date Submitted: ___________

Identify and discuss with your partner the differences among the types of speech contexts using
𝑐𝑢𝑡 ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒

the graphic organizer below.

Type Description Example

3.2 Types of Speech Style

Speech style is the form of language that a speaker uses and it is characterized by the degree of
formality. The speech style help the speaker to choose the suitable style when they are talking. It will
help the speaker deliver a speech more effectively. The context dictates and affects the way people
communicate, which results in various speech styles. According to Joos (1968), there are five speech
styles. These are (1) intimate, (2) casual, (3) consultative, (4) formal, and (5) frozen. Each style
dictates what appropriate language or vocabulary should be used or observed.

Intimate Style

Intimate style is usually used by participants

who have very close relationship, like between
family members, between close friends. This
language can be identified by the use of
incomplete language, short words, and usually
with unclear articulation. This because between
participants already understood each other. This
style is characterized by what Joos calls
“extraction”. In this style, intonation is important
than wording or grammar. The speaker
sometimes uses private vocabulary.

Casual Style
This style is a language variety used in
informal situations: sharing with family or
close friends. When people use this language,
it is usually shortened. The vocabularies are
full with dialect, regional dialect and seldom
use proper structural morphology and syntax.
Another characteristic of this style is
sometimes the sentence is less on grammar.
This style is used for relaxed situation such
as with close friend, acquaintances, insider
in social setting. For example, a
conversation made by runners for a hurried
duty in a restaurant is usually in the casual
style.
Consultative Style
Based on Joos theory, Chaer explained (2007) this style which is often used
in conducting business or discussion. It is such kind of language used
in the meeting, at school, or in the production meeting. This style can
be used in formal situation and informal situation. Word choice is careful
and sentence structure is complete, but the sentence is tending to be
shorter and less well planned. The speaker constantly watches the
listener’s verbal and nonverbal responses in order to decide whether
too much or not enough information is being transmitted. This is
because consultative is for communication with strangers. Each sentence
the speaker pronounces must be explicit and clear. This style usually
occurs in conversation between doctor and patient, teacher and student.

Formal Style

This style is used in formal settings. Unlike the consultative style, this
is one-way. The pattern is standardized and cannot be changed
individually. For the patterns, it seems like a standard language that
only used in formal situation. Examples are sermons by priests and
ministers, State of the Nation Address of the President, formal
speeches, or pronouncements by judges

Frozen Style
Frozen style is speech style that usually used in very
formal situation. The characteristic of pronunciation is
monotone. Itcalled “Frozen” because it already have a
pattern and cannot be changed. In written language, frozen
style can be found in historical documents. Frozen style has
a long sentence than the others. The utterance of this
style must be accepted seriously by the hearer. This style
is “frozen” in time and remains unchanged. It mostly occurs
in ceremonies. Common examples are the Preamble to the
Constitution, Lord’s Prayer, and Allegiance to country or flag.
 Module 1 (Write Course No) Name: ____________________________________________
Activity No. 3.2 Program/Year: ____________Date Submitted: ___________

Identify the type of speech style appropriate for the following situations. Write your answer before the
𝑐𝑢𝑡 ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒

number.