Cellular Respiration

 
We will learn about the production of energy through cellular respiration, aerobic respiration and fermentatio
 

7.1 Production of Energy through Cell Respiration

 
 The catabolism process releases energy.
 The anabolism process uses energy

 
Aerobic respiration
Require oxygen to oxidize respiration substrate such as glucose completely to produce carbon dioxide, water,

Example: plants, fungi, Protista, animals, and some bacteria.

 
Anaerobic respiration
 
Break down respiration substrate completely such as glucose by using non-organic substances such as nitrate
carbon dioxide, water, and energy.

Example: denitrifying bacteria and bacteria Clostridium tetani

 
Fermentation
 
Break down respiration substrate such as glucose partially without using oxygen.

Example: plants, yeast, certain bacteria, and musculoskeletal vertebrates.

 

7.2 Aerobic Respiration

 
Aerobic respiration process:
 
1. Glucose is breaking down into pyruvic acid in the cytoplasm by the glycolysis process
2. In glycolysis, only two pyruvate molecules are produced
3. Pyruvic acid produced is transported into the mitochondrion
4. In the mitochondrion, pyruvic acid will be broken down and oxidized into carbon dioxide and water
5. About 34-36 ATP molecules are produced in mitochondrion

 
 

7.3 Fermentation
 
 1. Fermentation is an alternative pathway of cellular respiration in breaking down glucose without the pr
2. The breaking down of glucose through fermentation is incomplete and only taken place in the cytopla
3. Fermentation can occur in human muscle cells, yeasts, plants, and certain bacteria such as Lactobacill
4. Fermentation can be divided into two: lactic acid and alcohol fermentation

 
Lactic acid fermentation
 
 Glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid through glycolysis and then broken down into lactic acid
 There are only two ATP molecules formed during glycolysis
 Example:
o Lactobacillus such as yogurt
o Human muscle cells

 
Alcohol fermentation
 
 Glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid through glycolysis and then broken down into ethanol and c
 There are only two ATP molecules formed during glycolysis
o Yeast
o Plant such as paddy plant

 
Comparison between aerobic respiration and fermentation:
 
Similarities between aerobic respiration and fermentation
 The breakdown process of glucose and its conversion to chemical energy.
 Produces chemical energy in the form of ATP.
 The process begins in the cytoplasm.
 The process begins with glycolysis where glucose is converted to pyruvate.
 Occurs in yeast, bacteria, animals, and plants.

 
Differences between aerobic respiration and fermentation
Aerobic respiration Fermentation
The breakdown process of glucose is completed in the The breakdown process of glucose is incomple
presence of oxygen. oxygen condition
Occurs in the cytoplasm and mitochondrion. Occurs in the cytopl
Produces water Does not produce w
Glucose is oxidized completely into carbon dioxide and
Glucose is not oxidized completely into ethanol a
water
One molecule of glucose generates 210 kJ (alcoh
One molecule of glucose generates 2898 kJ of energy.
acid fermentation) of e