The Mole Concept, Chemical Formula and Equation

 
Relative Atomic Mass and Relative Molecular Mass
 
Relative Atomic Mass, RAM
 
Definition of Relative Atomic Mass
The average mass of an atom of the element compared to \dfrac{1}{12}121 of the mass of one

\,\\\dfrac{\text{Average mass of one atom}}{\dfrac{1}{12} \times \text{Mass of one

×Mass of one C-12 atomAverage mass of one atom
 
Relative Molecular Mass, RMM
 
Definition of Relative Molecular Mass
The average mass of a molecule of the element compared to \dfrac{1}{12}121 of the mass o

\,\\\dfrac{\text{Average mass of one molecule}}{\dfrac{1}{12} \times \text{Mass of o

×Mass of one C-12 atomAverage mass of one molecule
 
Relative Formula Mass, RFM
 
Definition of Relative Formula Mass
The relative mass of an ionic substance is called the relative formula mass, RF
 
 
Mole Concept
 
Mole
 
 SI unit of amount of substance.
 Symbol: mol
 1 mol of a substance = 6.02214076 \times 10 ^{23}6.02214076×1023 elementary entities of
  Avogadro constant, N_ANA or Avogadro number =  6.02 \times 10 ^{23} \text{ mol}^{-1}6
 1 mol of a substance consists of 6.02 \times 10 ^{23}6.02×1023 particles. 

 
Number of mole and number of particles
 
Conversion Factor between Number of Moles and Number of Particles
\,\\ \text{Number of mole, }n = \dfrac{\text{Number of particles}}{N_A}Number of mol
 
 
Number of mole and mass of a substance
 
Definition of molar mass
The mass of a substance that contains one mole of the substance
 
Conversion of the Number of Moles to the Mass of Substance
\, \\ \text{Number of mole, }n = \dfrac{\text{Mass (g)}}{\text{Molar mass
1})} \\Number of mole, n=Molar mass (g mol−1)Mass (g)

 
 
Number of moles of a gas and its volume
 

 At the same temperature and pressure, equal volumes of all gases contain the same
number of particles.
 One mole of any gas at room temperature(25℃) and pressure of 1 atm occupies a
volume of \text{24 dm}^324 dm3 (or \text{24 000 cm}^324 000 cm3).
 At standard temperature and pressure, s.t.p. ( 0℃ and 1 atm) 1 mole of gas
occupies \text{22.4 dm}^322.4 dm3 of volume.

Conversion of the number of moles of a gas to its volume

\, \\ \text{Number of mole, }n = \dfrac{\text{Volume}}{\text{Mo
volume}} \\Number of mole, n=Molar volumeVolume
 
 
 
Chemical Formula
 

 The chemical formula represents a chemical compound.

 Below are some of the examples:

Name of compound Chemical formula Number of each element in

Helium He One helium ato
Oxygen O_2O2 2 oxygen atom
Water H_2OH2O 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 o
Ammonia NH_2NH2 1 nitrogen atom a

3 hydrogen atom
Sulphuric acid H_2SO_4H2SO4 2 hydrogen atoms, 1 sulphur atom
 

 Example of the formation of chemical formula

 The chemical formula of iron(III) chloride FeCl_3FeCl3

o Iron(III) ion = Fe^{+3}Fe+3
o Chlorine ion = Cl^{-}Cl−
o Iron, Fe has three positive charges, and Cl has one negative charge.
o When these two types of atoms are reacted together, the charge from both atoms
needs to be balanced.
o 3 positive charge from iron needs three negative charges to make the charge
equal to zero.
o Since chlorine only has on negative charge; thus, the iron required three chlorine
atom to neutralise the three positive charge.
o Therefore the chemical formula would become, FeCl_3FeCl3.  
 

Formation of iron(III) chloride compound

Empirical formula

 There are several steps in determining the empirical formula of a compound. 

Example
Element C H
 Mass (g) 9696 1818
Number of mole \dfrac{96}{12}=81296=8 \dfrac{18}{1}=1
Mole ratio 88 1818
Simplest mol ratio \dfrac{8}{2} =428=4 \dfrac{18}{2} =
Empirical formula C_4H_9C4H9
 

 
Chemical Equation
 

 The chemical equation represents the chemical reaction.

 The reactants will always be written on the left-hand side and the product on the right-
hand side.
 The following diagram is the steps in determining the chemical equation. 

  Below shows an example of a chemical equation:

o Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) \rightarrow MgCl_2(aq) + H_2(g)Mg(s)
+2HCl(aq)→MgCl2(aq)+H2(g)
 o *note: (s) solid state, (aq) aqueous state and (g) gas state.
 From the chemical equation above, we know, solid magnesium and HCl are the
reactants.
 These two reactants react and become magnesium chloride.
 For better understanding, pay attention to the coefficient for each reactant and product in
the chemical equation.
o One mole of magnesium reacts with 2 moles of hydrochloric acid to produce 1
mole of magnesium chloride and 1 mole