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COMPREHENSIVE EXAM IN STATISTICS (105 Items)

I. Modified True of False. Write TRUE if the statement is true, otherwise change the
underlined word/s to make the statement correct. Write your answer on the space before the
number.

___________ 1. The result of the statistical test is significant if the level of significance (a) is
less than the significance value (p).

______ 2. Linear Correlation is employed when an investigator wants to determine the

degree of relationship between two variables at the ordinal scale.

___ 3. When our concern is to show that there is a higher proportion of teenage
pregnancies in rural area than in urban area, then we employ the one-tailed test.

____________ 4. The Z-test is used when we compare the means of more than 2 independent
samples.

___________ 5. Reject the Ho when p = 0.03 and a = 0.01.

______ 6. When the population values do not follow a normal distribution, we use a
non-parametric test.

_____________ 7. The researcher has to reject the null hypothesis when the value of test
statistic is less than the critical value.

_____________ 8. A researcher commits a type 2 error when he/she rejects Ho that is true.

_____________ 9. For a particular inferential statistical test, the generated significance value
is 0.027. If the level of significance is set at 3%, the action on the null hypothesis is to reject
it.

_____________ 10. Reject the null hypothesis when the test statistic value is greater than the
critical value.

II. Multiple Choice. Select the best answer. Write only the letter on the space before each
number.
1. If the objective of the study is to determine the strength of the relationship between family
income and monthly savings, then the appropriate statistical tool to use is
___________________.

A. chi-square test
B. t-test
C. Linear Correlation
D. ANOVA
2. To determine if the result of the statistical test is significant of not, we compare the value
of the test statistic with _____________.

A. the level of significance, a

B. the significance value, p
C. the critical value
D. degrees of freedom

3. If the result of statistical test is significant at 1% level, which of the following is likely to
be observed?

A. The test is not significant at 5% level.

B. The test is also significant at 5% level.
C. The test may or may not be significant at 5% level.
D. Cannot be determined.

4. Suppose you are comparing the difference between the average monthly bed-space rentals
in boarding houses of two districts in Iloilo City. The statistical test that you should use is
____________.

A. F-test between two variables

B. T-test between two dependent means
C. T-test between two independent means
D. Z-test between two proportions

5. Statistics used in t-test are _____________.

A. Means and Standard Deviations

B. Median and Variance
C. Mode and Proportions
D. Median and Standard Deviation

6. Which statistical test is not used to determine the difference between means of
independent groups?

A. t-test
B. chi-square test
C. z-test
D. ANOVA

7. When F=12.73 and c.v. = 3.28, the following statements are true, except
 A. The result of the statistical test is significant.
B. The alternative hypothesis should be accepted.
C. Reject Ho since there exists at least one mean that is significantly different from
the others.
D. Do not reject Ho since there is no sufficient evidence to show that it is true.

8. If the researcher wishes to investigate if there is a significant difference between the

proportion of health care providers who smoke and do not smoke, the he/she will employ
_____________.

A. t test B. F-test

C. Chi-square test D. Z-test

9. In hypothesis testing, if the computed value of the test statistic is greater than the critical
value, we

A. do not reject Ho
B. reject Ho
C. made an error
D. cannot decide

10. When the p-value is greater than the level of significance, we

A. reject the null hypothesis

B. do not reject the null hypothesis
C. commit type 1 error
D. commit type 2 error

11. An investigator sets the level of significance for rejecting the null hypothesis at
a = 0.05 level of significance, and the statistical test yields a z-value of 6.83. What should the
investigator’s action be regarding the null hypothesis if it is a two-tailed test?

A. reject the null hypothesis

B. do not reject the null hypothesis
C. Reject the alternative hypothesis
D. cannot decide

12. Suppose the alternative hypothesis is “Males outperform females in mathematics.” Set at
a = 0.05. What should the conclusion be if the result reveals a p-value of 0.000?

A. Males and Females do not perform equally in mathematics.

B. Males and Females perform equally in mathematics.
C. Females outperform males in mathematics.
D. Males outperform females in mathematics.

13. A researcher would like to determine the effect of a certain oral contraceptive on weight
gain. He randomly selected 12 healthy females and they were weighed at the beginning of the
course of oral contraceptive usage. They were reweighed after three months. He wanted if the
result suggest evidence of weight gain at 5% level of significance. What test is this?
 A. A test of significance of the difference between means of independent samples.
B. A test of significance of the difference between means of dependent samples.
C. A test of significance of the difference between means of paired samples.
D. A test of significance of the difference between two proportions.

14. The level of significance a is a probability of

A. accepting a true null hypothesis

B. accepting the false null hypothesis
C. rejecting a true null hypothesis
D. rejecting a false null hypothesis

15. A researcher is interested to investigate if there are differences in the blood pressure
levels of the respondents when they are classified according to the treatments they receive.
First group given two aspirin tablets each day, Second group being given one aspirin each
day, third group given a placebo. What statistical test is applicable?

A. t-test B. ANOVA
C. correlation D. z-test
16. In hypothesis testing, if the computed value of t or z is greater than the critical value, we

A. made an error
B. cannot decide
C. reject Ho
D. do not reject Ho

17. When the test statistic is significant at 5% level, it is _____________ at the 1% level.

A. not significant
B. also significant
C. not always significant
D. never significant

18. A researcher sets the level of significance for rejecting the null hypothesis at a = 0.05,
two-tailed with df of 12. The computed t-value is -5.63. What should the researcher’s action
be regarding the null hypothesis?

A. reject Ho
B. do not reject Ho
C. reject Ha
D. cannot decide

19. Suppose the null hypothesis is “Stress does not significantly affect eating difficulties.” If
the statistical test yields a significant value of 0.000 at level of significance is 5%. The
conclusion would be

A. Stress and eating difficulties are significantly related.

B. Stress and eating difficulties are not significantly related
 C. Eating difficulties is not associated to stress.
D. Eating difficulties is independent of stress.

20. A branch of statistics that involves making conclusions about the population from
inferences drawn from the sample.

A. Descriptive
B. Elementary
C. Advanced
D. Inferential

III. Answer each accordingly.

1. Given the following data in the table.

Respondent Age in Sex Civil Status Type of Monthly

s Years Employment Income
No.
1 24 Male Single Employed 14,000
2 27 Female Single Self Employed 18,000
3 32 Female Married Self Employed 20,000
4 26 Female Married Self Employed 12,000
5 50 Male Single Employed 23,000
6 36 Male Widowed/separated Employed 25,000
7 49 Female Widowed/separated Self Employed 15,000
8 35 Male Single Employed 13,000
9 25 Male Married Self Employed 16,000
10 32 Female Widowed/separated Employed 10,000

A. List all the identified variables.

1. ________________ 4. ________________
2. ________________ 5. ________________
3. ________________

B. Identify the test statistic to use for the following objectives.

B1. Relationship between age and income ___________________________
B2. Relationship between sex and type of employment _________________
B3. Association between civil status and type of employment ____________
B4. If income varies when respondents are grouped according to sex ___________
 B5. If income differs significantly if respondents are grouped according to civil status
______________________
B6. If income differs significantly if respondents are grouped according to type of
employment ___________________

2. Below is a research paradigm of a particular study.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Types of Program (Science

Major, non-science major)
Academic Performance
Length of time spent on of college students
studying per week.
(Test Score)
Level of emotional intelligence
(High, moderate, low)

A. Determine the scale of measurement of each variable.

A1. Types of program ______________
A2. Length of Time _____________
A3. Level of Emotional Intelligence __________________
A4. Academic Performance _________________

B. For each of the following objectives, formulate the null and alternative hypothesis.
B1. To determine if there is a significant difference in the mean scores of students
when grouped according to type of program.
Ho:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Ha:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

B2. To determine if the length of time spent in studying significantly affects academic
performance.
Ho:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Ha:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

B3. To determine if the mean scores of students differ significantly when they are
classified according to their level of emotional intelligence.
Ho:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Ha:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. Identify the appropriate statistical test for the following objectives:

a. To compare the average annual income of nurses when grouped according to type
of hospital. (Government Owned vs. Private) ___________
b. To determine the association between type of personality and leadership style of
hospital administrators. ___________
c. To determine the relationship between the school GPA of nursing students and their
board exam rating. __________________________
d. To compare the mean performance scores of students in statistics class when
classified according to degree programs. ____________________

4. Are children who repeat a grade in elementary school shorter, on the average, than their
peers? Heights (transformed into z scores) of Australian school children who repeated a grade
were compared with heights of their peers (The archives of Disease in Childhood, Apr.
2000). Table 1 shows the results of statistical test at 5% level of significance.

Table 1. Comparison of Average Heights of Children Classified as Repeaters and Non

Repeaters.
Group n x (z score) s t p
Repeaters 17 5.4 3.4
-1.646 0.1114
Non Repeaters 12 7.9 4.8
A. Is this a test between means of dependent groups of test of means between independent
groups? ___________________________________
B. Formulate the null and alternative hypothesis.
Ho:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Ha:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
C. What is the value of test statistic? ________
D. What is the significance value? ________
E. Is the result significant or not? ___________
F. Write your statistical conclusion.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

5. You wish to compare how low fat diet, low fat diet and brisk four-mile walk fat each day,
and low fat diet and four mile run each day affect cholesterol levels. You randomly assign six
subjects to each group. The scores below show the reduction in cholesterol count after two
months.
(A) Low fat diet: 10 8 15 12 9 6
(B) Low fat diet with walk 14 12 18 16 13 17
(C) Low fat diet with run 19 15 14 16 18 20

a. Compute the average reduction in cholesterol count for each of the three groups.
(A) average = ____ (B) average = ____ (C) average = ____

*** The table below presents the result of the ANOVA performed on the data on reduction in
cholesterol levels under the three types of diet. (Let a = 5%)
Source SS df S2 F CV
Between Groups 156 2 78 11.03 +3.68
Within Groups 106 15 7.07
 Total 262 17

b. Formulate the null and alternative hypothesis.

Ho:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Ha:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
c. What is the value of test statistic? ________
d. What is the Critical Value (CV)? ________
e. Write your statistical conclusion.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

*** Applying the Tukey’s HSD test on differences mean cores yields the following result
HSD.05 = 3.98. Calculate the difference between means and compare with HSD.05 = 3.98.
Write your statistical conclusion.
Groups Mean Difference HSD.05 Statistical Conclusion
A and B 3.98
A and C 3.98
B and C 3.98

f. Write your research conclusion based on your findings.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

6. The short term effect of two new sleeping-aid drugs are tested in a sample of 6 subjects,
with 5 days between each test. The table below gives the number of hours slept during the
night under each drug. This study investigates if there is a significant difference in the
number of hours slept by the subjects under each particular drug at 5% level of significance.
Subject Drug A Drug B
1 6 10
2 5 6
3 6 8
4 7 7
 5 8 9
6 5 8

a. Compute the average number of hours slept under drug A. _____

b. State the null and alternative hypothesis for this problem.
Ho:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Ha:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
c. This problem requires what type of test statistic? _______
d. If the value of test statistic is 7.71 and the critical value is 3.47, what conclusion can be
drawn from this result?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

7. A researcher investigates if monthly income of the respondents vary significantly when

they are classified according to educational attainment. The table below presents a summary
of the statistical procedures being performed.
Mean Monthly F Sig.
Income
Educational Elementary 10,636,36
Attainment High School 18,611.11 17.546 0.000
College 24,600.33

a. Identify from this problem the independent variable, ______________________ the

independent variable ____________________.
b. What is the statistical test employed for this problem? ___________________
c. What is the value of test statistic? ______________
d. What statistical conclusion can be formulated at 5% level of significance based on the data
disclosed from the table?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_______________.
*** END ***