Date: 18 June 2016, Saturday NAME:.....................................................

Time: 14:00-16:00
STUDENT NO:.........................................

YOUR DEPARTMENT:.....................................

Math 102 Calculus II – Midterm Exam I – Solutions

1 2 3 4 TOTAL

25 25 25 25 100
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(v) Use both sides of the sheets on this booklet if necessary. No extra papers will be provided.

(vi) The last page of this booklet contains a list of formulas some of which may or may not be
relevant to the questions asked. Use at your own discretion.

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(viii) This exam is being video recorded. It is in your best interest not to give the slightest impression
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NAME: STUDENT NO: DEPARTMENT:

Q-1)
∞
X 1
(a) Is the series sin2 convergent or divergent?
n=1
n2
∞
X
(b) Is the series (−1)n (ln(n + 1) − ln n) convergent or divergent?
n=1

Solution:

1/n4 .
P
(a): Limit compare with
2 2
sin2 1
sin n12
 
n2 sin x
lim 1 = lim 1 = lim = 1.
n→∞
n4
n→∞
n2
x→0 x

1/n4 converges by p-test, our series converges by Limit Comparison Test.

P
Since

11 1
(b): Let an = ln(n + 1) − ln n = ln 1 + . Since 1 + > 1 +
n
, and since ln x is strictly
n n+1
increasing, we must have an > an+1 . Also lim an = ln 1 = 0. All conditions of the Alternating
n→∞
Series Test are satisfied, and hence our series converges.
NAME: STUDENT NO: DEPARTMENT:

Q-2)
∞
X (−1)n
(a) Find the exact sum of the series .
n=0
4n+1 (2n + 1)

−1 + cos 2x + 2 sin x2
(b) Use series to evaluate lim .
x→0 e x4 − 1

Solution:

(a):
∞ ∞ 1 2n+1


X (−1)n 1X 1 1
n+1
= (−1)n 2 = arctan .
n=0
4 (2n + 1) 2 n=0 (2n + 1) 2 2

(b):

−1 + cos 2x + 2 sin x2
lim
x→0 ex4 − 1
2 4 6 (x2 )3
−1 + (1 − (2x)2!
+ (2x)
4!
− (2x)
6!
+ · · · ) + 2(x2 − 3!
− ···)
= lim 4 2
x→0 (1 + (x4 ) + (x2!) + · · · ) − 1
2
3
x4 − 19
45
2
x6 + 315 x8 + · · ·
= lim
x→0 x4 + 12 x8 + · · ·
x4 ( 23 − 19
45
x2 + 2
315
x4 + · · ·
= lim
x→0 x4 (1 + 12 x4 + · · · )
2
= .
3
NAME: STUDENT NO: DEPARTMENT:
1/2
x9
Z
Q-3) Evaluate the integral dx with an error < 10−6 .
0 (1 + x20 )2
−10 −4
Hint: 2 ≈ 9 × 10 and 2−20 ≈ 9 × 10−7 .
Solution:

First make the substitution u = x10 , and obtain

1/2 1/210
x9
Z Z
1 du
20 2
dx =
0 (1 + x ) 10 0 (1 + u2 )2
Z 1/210   
1 1 1
= du
10 0 1 + u2 1 + u2
Z 1/210
1
1 − u2 + u4 − · · · 1 − u2 + u4 − · · · du



=
10 0
Z 1/210
1
1 − 2u2 + 3u4 − 4u6 + · · · du


=
10 0
1/210 !
1 2 3 3 5 4 7 
= u − u + u − u + · · · 
10 3 5 7 0
1 1
= − + ···
10 210 15 230
1 1
Clearly 20
= < 10−6 . So using the very first term in this expansion gives the required
15 2 15728640
approximation:
1/2
x9
Z
1 1
20 2
dx ≈ 10
= = 0.00009765625... with an error < 0.000001.
0 (1 + x ) 10 2 10240

The integral can be explicitly evaluated after the above change of coordinates.
Z 1/210 1/210 !  
1 du 1 u 1  256 1 1
= + arctan (u) 
 = + arctan
10 0 (1 + u2 )2 20 1 + u2 20 0 5242885 20 1024

which gives the exact value of 0.00009765618791....

Thus the actual error in the above approximation is around 6 × 10−11 .

As an alternate solution, we can write (1 + x20 )−2 as a binomial expansion, multiply by x9 and
integrate term by term to obtain
 1/2 
Z 1/2 9 Z 1/2 X∞ ∞
x n 20n+9
X
n n+1

20n+10 
dx = (−1) (n + 1)x dx =  (−1) x  
0 (1 + x20 )2 0 n=0 n=0
20n + 10 
0
1 1
= 10
− + ··· .
10 2 15 230
NAME: STUDENT NO: DEPARTMENT:
∞
X x3n
Q-4) Find the radius of convergence and the interval of converge of the series n
.
n=1
n 8

Solution:
x3n
Let an = . Using ratio test we get
n 8n
 x3n+3 n 3
   
 = |x| .
 an+1  n 8
lim   = lim 
n→∞ an  n→∞  (n + 1) 8n+1 x3n  8

|x|3
(You will get the same limit if you use the n-th root test.) For convergence we need to have < 1,
8
or equivalently |x| < 2.

Hence the radius of convergence is R = 2.

We now check the end points. At x = −2, the series becomes

∞
X (−1)n
,
n=1
n

and converges by the Alternating Series Test. At x = 2, the series becomes

∞
X 1
,
n=1
n

and diverges as it is the harmonic series (or you can mention p-test).

Thus the interval of convergence is [−2, 2).

Some formulas which might be useful:

∞
1 X
= xn = 1 + x + x2 + x3 + · · · R=1
1 − x n=0
∞
x
X xn x x2 x3
e = =1+ + + + ··· R=∞
n=0
n! 1! 2! 3!
∞
X x2n+1 x3 x5 x7
sin x = (−1)n =x− + − + ··· R=∞
n=0
(2n + 1)! 3! 5! 7!
∞
X x2n x2 x4 x6
cos x = (−1)n =1− + − + ··· R=∞
n=0
(2n)! 2! 4! 6!
∞
X x2n+1 x 3 x5 x7
arctan x = (−1)n =x− + − + ··· R=1
n=0
2n + 1 3 5 7
∞
X xn x2 x3 x4
ln(1 + x) = (−1)n−1 =x− + − + ··· R=1
n=1
n 2 3 4
∞  
k
X k k(k − 1) 2 k(k − 1)(k − 2) 3
(1 + x) = xn = 1 + kx + x + x + ··· R=1
n=0
n 2! 3!

xn
lim = 0, for any x ∈ R.
n→∞ n!

(ln n)a
lim = 0, for any a, b > 0.
n→∞ nb
 n
1
lim 1 + = e.
n→∞ n
1
lim n n = 1.
n→∞

n!
lim √
n = 1.
n→∞ 2πn ne
√  1 1
2π nn+ 2 e−n ≤ n! ≤ (e) nn+ 2 e−n , for all n ≥ 1.