UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,

Taxila

APPLIED PHYSICS
(LAB REPORT 07)
SUBMITTED BY:
Name: MUHAMMAD NAJAM UL HASSAN
Registration No. 20-ME-4
Section: D
Subject: LAB Applied Physics
Department: Mechanical Engineering

SUBMITTED TO:
DR. KULSOOM RAHIM
 Lab 7

LOGIC GATES:
“Logic gates are electronic circuits that operate one or
more input signals to produce an output signal and any boolean function can
be represented in the form of gate. Logic gates are the basic building blocks of
any digital system. The relationship between the input and the output is based
on a certain logic.”
There are many types of logic gates,
 AND gate
 OR gate
 NOT gate
 NOR gate
 NAND gate
 XOR gate
 XNOR gate

Logical operation:
A logical operation is a special symbol or word that connects
two or more phrases of information. It is most often used to test whether a
certain relationship between the phrases is true or false.

In this lab we are going to make OR gate by using DIODES.

OR GATE
An OR gate is a digital logic gate with two or more inputs and one output. The
output of an OR gate is true when one or more of its inputs are true. If all of an
OR gate's inputs are false, then the output of the OR gate is false. The order of
the input does not affect the output value of gate.
REPRESENTATION:
This operation is represented by “+”.

SYMBOL:

TRUTH TABLE:

A B OUTPUT

0 0 0

0 1 1

1 0 1

1 1 1

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
APPRATUS:
 Diodes
 Switches
 Resistor
 LED bulb
 Battery
 Wires

PROCEDURE:
This experiment involves the following steps,

 First open the link https://www.multisim.com/content/

WhhXkZ9Ra6vq5v5MJ7iZXC/logic-gates-using-switchdiodes/open/.
 Then Take 2 diodes and connect them with the 2 switches.
 Now, connect one terminal battery with switch S1 and other terminal with
LED.
 The other terminal of LED is connected with diode D2.
 Now, from diode D2 attach resistor and make it grounded in order to avoid
excess current.
 Then simulate by keeping both switches off.
 Record the result.
 Then simulate by keeping switch S1 off and S2 on.
 Record the result.
 Then simulate by keeping switch S2 off and S1 on.
 Record the result.
 And simulate by keeping both switches on.
 Record the result.
 EXPLANATION
 When both switches are OFF:
When both switches are off, the current is
flowing from negative terminal of battery to LED. But since positive terminal is
connected to switch which is off so, circuit is not complete. As a result, LED will
not glow.
 When switch S1 is ON while S2 is OFF:
When switch S1 is “On” while
switch S2 is “Off”, the current is flowing from negative terminal of battery to
LED. Since positive terminal is connected to switch S1 which is “On”, it will
move through it to complete circuit. As a result, LED will glow.

When S1 is OFF while S2 is ON:

When switch S1 is “Off” while switch S2
is “On”, the current is flowing from negative terminal of battery to LED. Since
positive terminal is connected to switch S1 which is “Off” so, it will change its
path and move through switch S2 to complete circuit. As a result, LED will
glow.
 When both switches are ON:
When both switches are “On”, the current is
flowing from negative terminal of battery to LED. Also positive terminal is
connected to switch which is “On” so, circuit is complete. As a result, LED will
glow.
CONCLUSION:
In this lab we learned about the logic gates and
their types. We learned about OR gate in details and also made OR gate by
using diodes. We also draw the Truth table of OR gate and analyze the output
by giving different inputs.

THE END