Kctc Oulecj Cldcbcr Legmcr Hcscr 

KEGE RE^MX

C gcleses Omsclcjcg Kcjcseswc Hclck Kmgymlmsceocg ^estmk Vmrsckccg Legmcr

  

hmg`cg kmtihm Mlekegcse @cuss-Dirhcg‛

Hesusug Ilmj 4

 Gckc 4 Ribby Rcjkctullcj

 GEK 4 835>>3368:

Omlcs 4 V ^VK M 2 635

Kctc Oulecj 4 Cldcbcr Legmcr Hcscr

Hismg Vmg`ckpu 4 Hrs. Ucseacte Jec, K.

^e

D]R]^CG KCXMKCXEOC

ACO]LXC^ KCXMKCXEOC HCG ELK] VMG@MXCJ]CG

CLCK

]GEQMR^EXC^ GM@MRE KMHCG

2623
 OCXC VMG@CGXCR 

Vude hcg syuour scyc uncpocg omjcherct Xujcg Ucg` Kcjc Msc, ocrmgc ctcs
Bmroct hcg Rcjkct-Gyc, smjeg``c scyc hcpct kmgymlmsceocg lcpircg Kege Resmt kctc
oulecj Cldcbcr Legmcr Hcscr tmgtcg` “Cgcleses Omsclcjcg Kcjcseswc
Hclck

Kmgymlmsceocg ^estmk Vmrsckccg Legmcr hmg`cg kmtihm Mlekegcse @cuss-

Dirhcg‛. Lcpircg jcsel Kege Resmt ege tmlcj scyc susug hmg`cg kcosekcl hcg
kmghcpctocg
 bcgtucg hcre bmrbc`ce pejco smjeg``c hcpct kmkpmrlcgncr pmkbuctcg lcpircg ege.
]gtuo etu scyc kmgyckpceocg bcgyco tmrekc ocsej ompchc smkuc pejco ycg` tmlcj
 bmroigtrebuse hclck pmkbuctcg lcpircg jcsel Kege Resmt ege. Xmrutckc ompchc hismg
 pmg`ckpu kctc oulecj Cldcbcr Legmcr Hcscr ycetu bcpco Hrs. Ucseacte Jec, K. ^e ycg`
suhcj kmkbekbeg` scyc hclck prisms pmkbmlcdcrcg Cldcbcr Legmcr Hcscr.

^cyc du`c kmgychcre smpmgujgyc bcjwc kcsej chc omourcg`cg bceo hcre sm`e
susugcg oclekct kcupug tctc bcjcsc hclck lcpircg jcsel Kege Resmt ege. Ilmj ocrmgc etu
hmg`cg tcg`cg tmrbuoc scyc kmgmrekc sm`clc scrcg hcg oreteo hcre pmkbcnc
hmke kmkpmrbceoe lcpircg jcsel Kege Resmt ege. Cojer octc scyc bmrjcrcp lcpircg jcsel
Kege Resmt ege hcpct bmrkcgacct hcg kmg`egspercse bc`e pmkbcnc hcg kcsycrcoct lucs.

  Olckber Lekc, 6= Cprel 2623

  Ribby Rcjkctullcj

e
 HCAXCR E^E

OCXC VMG@CGXCR .................................................................................................................................e

HCAXCR E^E...............................................................................................................................................ee
BCB E VMGHCJ]L]CG .......................................................................................................................3
3.3 Lctcr Bmlcocg` ..............................................................................................................................3
3.2 Rukuscg Kcsclcj ........................................................................................................................3
3.> Xuducg.............................................................................................................................. 2
BCB EE OCDECG V]^XCOC ................................................................................................................>
BCB EEE KMXIHM VMGMLEXECG ......................................................................................................=
>.3 Liocse hcg Pcotu Vmgmletecg ....................................................................................................=
>.2 Vipilcse hcg ^ckpml ................................................................................................................... =
>.> Dmges Vmgmletecg ..............................................................................................................................=
>.8 Xmogeo Vmg`ukpulcg Hctc ........................................................................................................=
>.= Xmogeo Cgcleses Hctc...................................................................................................... =
BCB EQ JC^EL HCG VMKBCJC^CG .............................................................................................1
8.3 Jcsel ..................................................................................................................................................1
8.2 Vmkbcjcscg ................................................................................................................................... 0
BCB Q OM^EKV]LCG ........................................................................................................................33
=.3 Omsekpulcg ..................................................................................................................................33
HCAXCR V]^XCOC ...........................................................................................................................32
LCKVERCG ............................................................................................................................................ 3>

ee
 BCB E
VMGHCJ]L]CG

E.3 Lctcr Bmlcocg`

Hclck kctmkcteoc, cldcbcr legmcr chclcj behcg` stuhe kctmkcteoc

ycg` kmkpmlcdcre sestmk pmrsckccg legmcr, vmotir, smrtc trcgsairkcse legmcr hcg
silusegyc. Hesckpeg` etu pulc hclck cldcbcr legmcr tehco hcpct helmpcspescjocg
kmg`mgce kctreos hcg ipmrcsegyc ocrmgc bmrocetcg mrct hmg`cg behcg` cldcbcr legmcr
etu smghere. Kctreos
 buocg smsuctu ycg` tehco cseg` lc`e hcg kmkeleoe bmrbc`ce kcgacct hclck kmymlmsceocg
cpleocse pchc sestmk pmrsckccg legmcr. ^mbc`cekcgc heomtcjue bcjwc
kctreos kmrupcocg smoukpulcg belcg`cg rmcl, ycg` hesusug kmgymrupce pmrsm`e
pcgdcg` hmg`cg
 pcgdcg` hcg lmbcr kmgugduoocg bcgyco bcres hcg bcgyco oilik. Kctreos etu
smghere kmkeleoe oikpigmg bmrupc bcgycogyc bcres hcg oilik. Kctreos ycg` kmkeleoe
k bcres hcg g oilik hesmbut kctreos bmruourcg k x g. Kctreos du`c kmkeleoe
bmrbc`ce seact ipmrcse smpmrte cretkcteoc, kctreos gil, egvmrs kctreos, kctreos
trcgspis hcg kctreos hec`igcl.

Vmgymlmscecg pmrsckccg legmcr ycg` hetules hclck bmgtuo pmrsckccg kctreos

hcpct helcouocg kmlclue bmbmrcpc ncrc, sclcj sctugyc hmg`cg ncrc mlekegcse
@cuss- Dirhcg. Vchc kmtihm mlekegcse @cuus-Dirhcg oetc kmkbuct gil mlmkmg-
mlmkmg he
 bcwcj kcupug he ctcs hec`igcl hec`igcl utckc suctu kctreos. Jcselgyc chclcj kctreos
tmrmhuose ycg` bmrupc kctreos hec`igcl sctucg (^mkuc mlmkmg pchc hec`igcl utckc

 bmrgelce 3, mlmkmg-mlmkmg lceggyc gil). Kmtihm mlekegcse @cuss-Dirhcg ourcg`

maesemg ugtuo kmgymlmsceocg smbucj ^VL, tmtcpe lmbej maesemg hcrepchc mlekegcse @cuss
deoc oetc
eg`eg kmgymlmsceocg ^VL hmg`cg kctreos oimaesemg sckc. Kitmhm ege hegckce Mlekegcse
@cuss-Dirhcg ugtuo kmg`jirkcte Ncrl Aremhrenj @cuss hcg Pjeljmlk Dirhcg.

E.3 Rukuscg Kcsclcj

Chcpug rukuscg kcsclcj ycg` kmgdche lcghcscg hcscr hclck kmg`mrdcocg lcpircg

3
Kege Resmt ege chclcj smbc`ce bmreout 4
3. Cpc scdc omsclcjcg-omsclcjcg ycg` helcouocg kcjcseswc hclck

kmgymlmsceocg sicl ^estmk Vmrsckccg Legmcr hmg`cg kmtihm mlekegcse @cuss-

Dirhcg9

3
 2. Acotir-acotir cpc scdc ycg` kmgymbcbocg kcjcseswc kmlcouocg
omsclcjcg hclck kmgymlmsceocg sicl ^estmk Vmrsckccg Legmcr hmg`cg kmtihm
mlekegcse @cuss-Dirhcg9

E.2 Xuducg

Chcpug tuducg hcre pmgulescg lcpircg Kege Resmt ege chclcj smbc`ce bmreout4
3. Kmg`cgcleses omsclcjcg-omsclcjcg ycg` helcouocg kcjcseswc
hclck kmgymlmsceocg sicl ^estmk Vmrsckccg Legmcr hmg`cg kmtihm mlekegcse
@cuss- Dirhcg.
2. Kmg`cgcleses acotir pmgymbcb kcjcseswc kmlcouocg omsclcjcg
hclck kmgymlmsceocg sicl ^estmk Vmrsckccg Legmcr hmg`cg kmtihm mlekegcse
@cuss- Dirhcg.

2
 BCB EE
OCDECG V]^XCOC

Mlekegcse @cuss Dirhcg chclcj kmtihm mlekegcse ugtuo kmgymlmsceocg sestmk

 pmrsckccg legecr. Kmtihm ege kmlcgdutocg prisms rmhuose hcre kctreos hepmrbmscr hclck

 bmgtuo msmlig bcres (jcsel mlmkegcse @cuss) sckpce hepmrilmj kctreos hclck
bmgtuo msmlig bcres tmrmhuose. Hclck kctreos hclck bmgtuo msmlig bcres
rmhuose ege,
 pmgymlmscecg sestmk lcg`sug` hehcpct tcgpc kmlclue substetuse bcleo.

Huc sestmk pmrsckccg legmcr heoctcocg smtcrc (mouevclmg) deoc omhuc ^VL tmrsmbut
kmkpugyce jekpugcg pmgymlmscecg ycg` sckc. ]gtuo kmgymlmsceocg ^VL, ycg` lmbej
kuhcj hesmlmsceocg csclocg omhucgyc smtcrc (mouevclmg).

^VL ycg` ruket Hesmlmsceocg Jekpugcg Vmgymlmscecg

 Heubcj

Hesmlmsceocg hmg`cg lmbej

^VL ycg` kuhcj kuhcj

hesmlmsceocg

Cpcbelc hepugyce ^VL hclck bmgtuo kctreos `mghmg`cg smpmrte hebcwcj ege

c33   c3>   c38  

[
c32 c23   b3 c2>   c28
c 22 c>3   b2
(   C|  
c>>   c>8   b>
c>2 c83  
c 8>   c88   b8
c 82

B ) 3;
_
Kcoc cocg lmbej ruket pmgymlmscecggyc hcrepchc ^VL hmg`cg bmgtuo4

c33   6 6 6   b3
  c22   b2
(   C| 6 6 6
 ctcu
c  6  b
B) ;
2 6 6 >> >
_ [
6 6
6   c88   b8

>
 c33   c3>   c 38   b3
(  C|B )

_
c32 c2>   c 28   b2
6   c22

[
;
>  
6 6 c >>     b>
c>8
6 6
6   c88   b8

Bmgtuo (  C|B )2  smreg` hesmbut kctreos hec`igcl, smhcg`ocg bmgtuo (  C|B )>  smreg`

hesmbut kctreos sm`ete`c ctcs. Bmgtuo (  C|B )2  hcg (  C|B )> lmbej kuhc hebcwc om
bmgtuo 
 pmgymlmscecg ^Vl hcre pchc bmgtuo (  C|B )3

Nigtij 4

^mlmsceocglcj sestmk pmrsckccg legmcr bmreout kmg``ugcocg mlekegcse @cuss-Dirhcg

  x − 2  y + > z ; 5

− x + >  y ;−8

 x > 2 :

−  y  z
+ ;
Vmgymlmscecg 4

_ |[
3   −2 > 5
6 3 > =
6 6 3 2

Kctreos hclck bmgtuo msmlig bcres tmrmhuose hepmrilmj hmg`cg prisms rmhuose smbc`ce
 bmreout

_ 3

6
6
  −2

3
6
| [  _ |  [
> 5

> =
3 2
 R3 →
3

6
6
6

3
>
6
5 35

3 2
=

_ |  [
+ 2 R 2

3 6 6  
  R2 + 3
(− 6 3 6 −
3
 R> )+ R
( − 5 ) 
3
>
6 6 3 2
R>
→

8
Kctreos hclck bmgtuo msmlig bcres tmrmhuose bmrocetcg hmg`cg sestmk pmrsckccg legmcr 

  x ;−3

  y ;− 3

8
   z; 2

Dche, pmgymlmscecggyc chclcj   x ;3 , y ;−3 hcg z ;2

=
 BCB EEE
KMXIHM VMGMLEXECG

EEE.3 Liocse hcg Pcotu Vmgmletecg

Vmgmletecg ege helcouocg kmlclue cpleocse PjctssCpp hmg`cg kmlcouocg

 pmgymbcrcg = buter sicl ompchc kcjcseswc duruscg kctmkcteoc AKEVC ]GEKMH pchc
jcre keg``u, 68 Cprel 2623.

EEE.2 Vipilcse hcg ^ckpml

Vipulcse 4 Kcjcseswc duruscg kctmkcteoc AKEVC ]GEKMH

^ckpml 4 > ircg` kcjcseswc duruscg kctmkcteoc AKEVC ]GEKMH

EEE.> Dmges Vmgmletecg

Vmgmletecg ege kmg``ugcocg kmtihm pmgmletecg oucletctea ycg` bmrtuducg

ugtuo kmg`cgcleses hcg kmghmsorepseocg omsuletcg seswc hclck kmgymlmsceocg sicl
^estmk Vmrsckccg Legmcr hmg`cg kmtihm mlekegcse @cuss-Dirhcg.

EEE.8 Xmogeo Vmg`ukpulcg Hctc

Xmogeo pmg`ukpulcg hctc pchc pmgmletecg ege helcouocg hmg`cg ncrc kmgymbcrocg
= buter sicl ompchc kcjcseswc duruscg kctmkcteoc AKEVC ]GEKMH kmlclue cpleocse
PjctsCpp. ^ukbmr hctc hepmrilmj hcre lmkbcr dcwcbcg kcjcseswc ctcs sicl
ycg`

hercgncg` ojusus ilmj pmgmlete.

EEE.= Xmogeo Cgcleses Hctc

Xmogeo cgcleses hctc ycg` he`ugcocg hclck pmgmletecg ege kmgurut ^u`eyigi
(2632) cgtcrc lceg4
3) Rmhuose hctc, hmg`cg kmkelej jcl-jcl pioio ctcu kmkaiousocg jcl-jcl pmgteg`.
2) Vmkcpcrcg hctc, kmgycdeocg hctc jcsel pmg`mrdccg seswc.
>) Vmgcreocg omsekpulcg.

1
 BCB EQ
JC^EL HCG VMKBCJC^CG

EQ.3 Jcsel

Bmrhcscrocg jcsel pmomrdccg > sckpml rmspighmg kcjcseswc duruscg kctmkcteoc

AKEVC ]GEKMH hclck kmg`mrdcocg sicl-sicl pchc kctmre ^estmk Vmrsckccg
Legmcr hmg`cg kmtihm Mlekegcse @cuss-Dirhcg, kcoc hepmrilmj jcsel omkckpucg
seswc pchc tcbml he bcwcj ege 4

 Giki Vmrsmgtcsm Dcwcbcg Bmgcr, ^clcj, Hcg Xehco Kmgdcwcb ^icl

r ^icl Dcwcbcg BmgcrDcwcbcg ^clcjXehco Kmgdcwcb ^icl
3 11,0% >>,>% 6%
2 11,0% >>,>% 6%
> 11,0% >>,>% 6%
8 11,0% >>,>% 6%
= 6% 11,0% >>,>%

Xcbml he ctcs kmgugduoocg bcjwc hcre > sckpml rmspighmg kcjcseswc duruscg
kctmkcteoc AKEVC ]GEKMH ycg` kmg`mrdcocg sicl-sicl kctmre ^estmk Vmrsckccg
Legmcr hmg`cg Mlekegcse @cuss-Dirhcg kcoc hepmrilmj bcjwc 4

3. ]gtuo sicl gikir 3

c. Vmrsmgtcsm ycg` kmgdcwcb sicl hmg`cg bmgcr smbmscr 11,0%.
 b. Vmrsmgtcsm ycg` kmgdcwcb sicl hmg`cg sclcj smbmscr >>,>%.
n. Vmrsmgtcsm ycg` tehco kmgdcwcb sicl smbmscr 6%.
2. ]gtuo sicl gikir 2
c. Vmrsmgtcsm ycg` kmgdcwcb sicl hmg`cg bmgcr smbmscr 11,0%.
 b. Vmrsmgtcsm ycg` kmgdcwcb sicl hmg`cg sclcj smbmscr >>,>%.
n. Vmrsmgtcsm ycg` tehco kmgdcwcb sicl smbmscr 6%.
>. ]gtuo sicl gikir >
c. Vmrsmgtcsm ycg` kmgdcwcb sicl hmg`cg bmgcr smbmscr 11,0%.
 b. Vmrsmgtcsm ycg` kmgdcwcb sicl hmg`cg sclcj smbmscr >>,>%.
n. Vmrsmgtcsm ycg` tehco kmgdcwcb sicl smbmscr 6%.
8. ]gtuo sicl gikir 8
c. Vmrsmgtcsm ycg` kmgdcwcbsicl hmg`cg bmgcr smbmscr 11,0%.

0
  b. Vmrsmgtcsm ycg` kmgdcwcb sicl hmg`cg sclcj smbmscr >>,>%.
n. Vmrsmgtcsm ycg` tehco kmgdcwcb sicl smbmscr 6%.
=. ]gtuo sicl gikir =
c. Vmrsmgtcsm ycg` kmgdcwcb sicl hmg`cg bmgcr smbmscr 6%.
 b. Vmrsmgtcsm ycg` kmgdcwcb sicl hmg`cg sclcj smbmscr 11,0%.

n. Vmrsmgtcsm ycg` tehco kmgdcwcb sicl smbmscr >>,>%.

EQ.2 Vmkbcjcscg

 ]gtuo sicl gikir 3

Bmrhcscrocg jcsel pmgmletecg hcre rmspighmg kcjcseswc ycg` kmg`mrdcocg sicl-

sicl kctmre ^estmk Vmrsckccg Legmcr hmg`cg kmtihm Mlekegcse @cuss-Dirhcg
kcoc hepmrilmj bcjwc omkckpucg kcjcseswc hclck kmgdcwcb sicl gikir 3 suhcj
nuoup

 bceo, ycetu smbmscr 11,0% suhcj kmgdcwcb hmg`cg bmgcr. Crtegyc rctc-rctc
kcjcseswc hcpct kmgymlmsceocg pmrkcsclcjcg kmg`mgce ^estmk Vmrsckccg Legmcr
hmg`cg kmtihm
Mlekegcse @cuss-Dirhcg. Gckug tmrhcpct sctu kcjcseswc ycg` kmgdcwcb sicl gikir 3
hmg`cg sclcj. Jcl ege heocrmgcocg kcjcseswc tmrsmbut kcsej kmg`clcke omghclc hclck
kmlcouocg pmrjetug`cg, ycoge pchc lcg`ocj pmrtckc kcjcseswc sclcj hclck kmlcouocg
ipmrcse pmg`urcg`cg pchc bcres omte`c hcre kctreos, smpmrte tmrlejct pchc
`ckbcr hebcwcj ege4

:
 Bmrhcscrocg omomlerucg kcjcseswc hclck kmgdcwcb sicl gikir 3 he ctcs, kcoc

 dcwcbcg kcjcseswc hcpct heoctcocg sclcj heocrmgcocg pchc lcg`ocj pmrtckc

scdc kcjcseswc ourcg` tmlete hclck kmlcouocg ipmrcse pmg`urcg`cg smjeg``c suhcj
hcpct hepcsteocg bcjwc lcg`ocj smlcgdutgyc du`c sclcj.

 ]gtuo sicl gikir 2

Kmlejct hcre jcsel prmsmgtcsm omkckpucg seswc hclck kmgdcwcb sicl gikir 2
suhcj nuoup bceo, ycetu smbmscr 11,0% suhcj kmgdcwcb hmg`cg bmgcr. Crtegyc rctc-rctc
kcjcseswc hcpct kmgymlmsceocg pmrkcsclcjcg kmg`mgce ^estmk Vmrsckccg
Legmcr hmg`cg kmtihm Mlekegcse @cuss-Dirhcg. Gckug tmrhcpct sctu
kcjcseswc ycg`

kmgdcwcb sicl gikir 2 hmg`cg sclcj. Jcl ege heocrmgcocg kcjcseswc tmrsmbut kcsej
kmg`clcke omghclc hclck kmlcouocg pmrjetug`cg, ycoge pchc lcg`ocj
omhuc
kcjcseswc sclcj hclck kmlcouocg ipmrcse pmrtckbcjcg pchc bcres omte`c hcre kctreos,
smpmrte tmrlejct pchc `ckbcr hebcwcj ege4

5
 Bmrhcscrocg omomlerucg kcjcseswc hclck kmgdcwcb sicl gikir 2 he ctcs, kcoc
 dcwcbcg kcjcseswc hcpct heoctcocg sclcj heocrmgcocg pchc lcg`ocj omhuc
scdc kcjcseswc ourcg` tmlete hclck kmlcouocg ipmrcse pmrtckbcjcg smjeg``c suhcj
hcpct hepcsteocg bcjwc lcg`ocj smlcgdutgyc du`c sclcj.

 ]gtuo sicl gikir >

Kmlejct hcre jcsel prmsmgtcsm omkckpucg seswc hclck kmgdcwcb sicl gikir >
suhcj nuoup bceo, ycetu smbmscr 11,0% suhcj kmgdcwcb hmg`cg bmgcr. Crtegyc rctc-rctc
kcjcseswc hcpct kmgymlmsceocg pmrkcsclcjcg kmg`mgce ^estmk Vmrsckccg
Legmcr hmg`cg kmtihm Mlekegcse @cuss-Dirhcg. Gckug tmrhcpct sctu
kcjcseswc ycg` kmgdcwcb sicl gikir > hmg`cg sclcj. Jcl ege heocrmgcocg
kcjcseswc tmrsmbut ourcg` tmlete, jcl ege tmrlejct pchc bcres omte`c hcre kctreos ycg`
smjcrusgyc tehco heipmrcseocg gckug heipmrcseocg smpmrte tmrlejct pchc `ckbcr hebcwcj
ege4

36
 Bmrhcscrocg omomlerucg kcjcseswc hclck kmgdcwcb sicl gikir > he ctcs, kcoc
 dcwcbcg kcjcseswc hcpct heoctcocg sclcj heocrmgcocg pchc lcg`ocj pmrtckc
scdc kcjcseswc ourcg` tmlete hclck kmg`mrdcocggyc, smjeg``c suhcj hcpct hepcsteocg
bcjwc lcg`ocj smlcgdutgyc du`c sclcj.

 ]gtuo sicl gikir 8

Kmlejct hcre jcsel prmsmgtcsm omkckpucg seswc hclck kmgdcwcb sicl gikir 8
suhcj nuoup bceo, ycetu smbmscr 11,0% suhcj kmgdcwcb hmg`cg bmgcr. Crtegyc rctc-rctc
kcjcseswc hcpct kmgymlmsceocg pmrkcsclcjcg kmg`mgce ^estmk Vmrsckccg
Legmcr hmg`cg kmtihm Mlekegcse @cuss-Dirhcg. Gckug tmrhcpct sctu
kcjcseswc ycg` kmgdcwcb sicl gikir 8 hmg`cg tehco lmg`ocp, smpmrte tmrlejct pchc
`ckbcr he bcwcj ege4

33
 ]gtuo sicl gikir =

Kmlejct hcre jcsel prmsmgtcsm omkckpucg seswc hclck kmgdcwcb sicl gikir =
heoctcocg ourcg` bceo, ycetu smbmscr 6% kmgdcwcb hmg`cg bmgcr. Crtegyc > sckpml
rmspighmg kcjcseswc tehco hcpct kmgymlmsceocg pmrkcsclcjcg kmg`mgce
^estmk Vmrsckccg Legmcr hmg`cg kmtihm Mlekegcse @cuss-Dirhcg. Jcl ege
smsuce hmg`cg
 pcghcg`cg pmgmlete ycg` kmghu`c bcjwc sicl tmrsmbut kmrupcocg sicl octm`ire
sulet. Hcre > sckpml rmspighmg, 2 rmspighmg hecgtcrcgyc tehco kmgdcwcb sicl gikir
= hcg jcgyc 3 rmspighmg ycg` kmgnibc kmgdcwcbgyc, cocg tmtcpe lcg`ocj
pmgymlmscecgyc nukcg sckpce kctreos msmlig bcres tmrmhuose, tehco kmgncre jekpugcg
pmgymlmscecg hcre
^VL smpmrte tmrlejct pchc `ckbcr he bcwcj ege4

32
 BCB Q
OM^EKV]LCG

Q.3 Omsekpulcg

B m r h c c r o c g j s l p m gmletecg ycg` tmlcj hedcbcrocg he ctcs, kcoc

omsekp u l c g s m b c ` c e bc re o u t 4
hepmrilmj

3. Kcjcseswc suhcj hcpct kmgymlmsceocg sicl gikir 3 (octm`ire kuhcj)

^estmk Vmgymlmscecg Legmcr hmg`cg kmtihm Mlekegcse @cuss-Dirhcg pmrsmgtcsm
dcwcbcg ycg` bmgcr smbmscr 11,0%.
2. Kcjcseswc suhcj hcpct kmgymlmsceocg sicl gikir 2 (octm`ire kuhcj)
^estmk Vmgymlmscecg Legmcr hmg`cg kmtihm Mlekegcse @cuss-Dirhcg pmrsmgtcsm
dcwcbcg ycg` bmgcr smbmscr 11,0%.
>. Kcjcseswc suhcj hcpct kmgymlmsceocg sicl gikir > (octm`ire smhcg`) ^estmk

Vmgymlmscecg Legmcr hmg`cg kmtihm Mlekegcse @cuss-Dirhcg pmrsmgtcsm

dcwcbcg ycg` bmgcr smbmscr 11,0%.
8. Kcjcseswc suhcj hcpct kmgymlmsceocg sicl gikir 8 (octm`ire smhcg`)
^estmk Vmgymlmscecg Legmcr hmg`cg kmtihm Mlekegcse @cuss-Dirhcg pmrsmgtcsm
dcwcbcg ycg` bmgcr smbmscr 11,0%.
=. Kcjcseswc tehco hcpct kmgymlmsceocg sicl gikir = (octm`ire sulet)
^estmk Vmgymlmscecg Legmcr hmg`cg kmtihm Mlekegcse @cuss-Dirhcg pmrsmgtcsm
dcwcbcg ycg` bmgcr smbmscr 6%.

3>
 HCAXCR V]^XCOC

^cgtisi, R. @ugcwcg. 266:. Cldcbcr Legmcr Hcscr.  Ui`ycocrtc4 CGHE Ui`ycocrtc.

^ebcrige, Uulecgt. 2662. Buou Cdcr Cldcbcr Legmcr.  Bcghug`4 ^moilcj Xeg``e
Xmogili`e Xmloik.

38
 LCKVERCG

^icl hcg Ougne Dcwcbcg

3. ^mlmsceocg sestmk pmrsckccg legmcr bmreout kmg``ugcocg mlekegcse @cuss-Dirhcg4

 x + 2 y + > z ; 3 
2 x + =   y + > z ; 1  

 x + :  z ;− 1  

_ |[ _  | [ _ |  [ _  | [ _
Vmgymlmscecg4

3 2  
b 2− 2 3 6 5 −0
> 3 3 2 >  
  −> −b 3 6 5 −0 3 6
b 3− 2 6 3 8
b3 − 5
b > − b3   −3 2  −=> − 0   −3>
3 6 : 3
6 b> +2 6   −3
→ 6 3 8 b2 + > 6 3
−1 →
6
b 2
6 3 > 6 6 −
b3
>
6 6
→ →

→ Kctreos msmlig bcres tmrmhuose

Hcre bmgtuo msmlig bcres tmrmhuose kcoc hcpct hebuct pmrsckccggyc, ycetu 4

 Hcre bcres 3 ( b ¹ ¹ 3 ) → x + 6  y + 6  z ; 2 → x ; 2 ¹
 Hcre bcres 2 ( b ¹ ¹ 2) → 6  x +  y + 6  z ; 3 → y ; 3 ¹
 Hcre bcres > ( b ¹ ¹ > ) → 6  x + 6  y +  z ;− 3 → z ;− 3 ¹

Dche pmgymlmscecg ^VL hectcs chclcj   x ;2 , y ;3, hcg   z ;−3

2. ^mlmsceocg sestmk pmrsckccg legmcr bmreout kmg``ugcocg mlekegcse @cuss-Dirhcg4

 x + 2 y + > z ; 3 
2 x + =  y + =  z ;− > 
>  x + = y + 33 z ; 2 

Vmgymlmscecg4

_ |  [ _  | [  _  | _ |    _
 3 3 2 >  3 3 6
3 2
> b −2 3
6
2
3
>
  −3 −=
 3
b +b 6 3   − 3 −= b3 − >
3
6
2
3
6   35
6 −33 b −2 b 6 3
2 = =
b>
b

[ [
−> 2
b> − >
3 > 2
b2 + b >
3 2

> = 33 2 6   −3 2 −3 →
6 6 3 −1 →
6 6 3 −1 →
6 6
b3
→

→ Kctreos msmlig bcres tmrmhuose

Hcre bmgtuo msmlig bcres tmrmhuose kcoc hcpct hebuct pmrsckccggyc, ycetu 4
 Hcre bcres 3 ( b ¹ ¹ 3 ) → x + 6  y + 6  z ; 83 → x ; 83 ¹

3=
 Hcre bcres 2 ( b ¹ ¹ ) → 6  x +  y + 6  z ;− 33 → y ;− 33 ¹
2

 Hcre bcres > ( b ¹ ¹ > ) → 6  x + 6  y +  z ;− 1 → z ;− 1 ¹

3=
 Dche pmgymlmscecg ^VL hectcs chclcj   x ; 83 , y ;− 33, hcg   z ;−1

>. ^mlmsceocg sestmk pmrsckccg legmcr bmreout kmg``ugcocg mlekegcse @cuss-Dirhcg4

2 x3 + : x + 1 x ; 26
2 >

8  x 3 + 2 x −2 x ;−2

2 >

>  x 3 − 2  x + x ; 32
2 >

Vmgymlmscecg4

_  | [ _  | [ _ | [
2 : 1 26 3 8 > 36 3 8 >   36
8 2   −2 −2 3 b 3 8 2  −2 −2 b − 8 b 2 3 6   −38   −38 −82  
>   −2 3 32
2
>   −2 3 32 b −> > 6   −38   −3:
b3
→ → −:

−38
→
b
2
_
3
6

6
8
3

  − 38   − :
>
3

| [  |
> _
  36
 [  b 3− 8
b> + 38
3

6
6
>
6

6
  −3 −2
3

1
3

28
3

1
→
b>
_
3

6
6
6

3
6
  −3 −2
3
3
 |  [
>
8
 
b2
− 3: →

_ | 
3 6 6 2
b 3+
b>
6 3 6 −3  → Kctreos msmlig bcres tmrmhuose
6 6 3 8
b 2 − b>
→

Hcre bmgtuo msmlig bcres tmrmhuose kcoc hcpct hebuct pmrsckccggyc, ycetu 4

 Hcre bcres 3 ( b ¹ ¹ 3 ) → x 3+ 6 x2 + 6  x >; 2 → x 3; 2 ¹

 Hcre bcres 2 ( b ¹ ¹ 2 ) → 6  x +  x + 6  x ;−3 → x ;− 3 ¹

3 2 > 2

 Hcre bcres > ( b ¹ ¹ > ) → 6 x 3 + 6  x 2+  x >; 8 → x> ;8 ¹

2
3 8
Dche pmgymlmscecg ^VL hectcs chclcj  x 3
; , , hcg
x ;−
2
x >;

8. ^mlmsceocg sestmk pmrsckccg legmcr bmreout kmg``ugcocg mlekegcse @cuss-Dirhcg4

2  x3 + >  x − x ;= 
2 >

8  x 3 + 8 x − >  x ; > 

2 >

−2  x + >  x −  x ;3 

3 2 >

Vmgymlmscecg4

 2 >   −3 =  3 > / 2   −3 /2 = /2
31
 3 /  
> 2 −3/ 2 = / 2
3
8 8   −> > b3 8 8   −> b 2 − 8 b3 6   − 2   −3 − 0  
>
2 33 2 2 3 b> + 2 b 3 6 1 2 1
3

 [ _
>
>

  −

|
 −

 |  [
→ →   −

_
−
[ −
|
_

31
 _  |  [  _  | [ _  |  [
b2 3 > / 2   −3 / 2 = / 3 > / 2   −3/
/  
= 3 > / 2   −3/ 2 = /
2
6 3 3 / 2 0 / 2 b −1 b2 6 3 3/ 0/2 > 6 3
−2 3 /2 /
> 2

2
2 b −= 2 0 2
→
6 1   −2 1
→
6 6   − = −3= → 6 6 3 >

3 6   −= / 8 −33/ =
8
b3+ b> 3 6 6 3
8

[
/ /   →  Kctreos msmlig bcres

 |  [ | _
>
2 −
b b2 6 3 3 0 26 3 6

_
3 2 2
2
>

( )
→
(( ) b2−b
→
>
3

6 6 3 6 6 3 >
tmrmhuose
Hcre bmgtuo msmlig bcres tmrmhuose kcoc hcpct hebuct pmrsckccggyc, ycetu 4

 Hcre bcres 3 ( b ¹ ¹ 3 ) → x 3+ 6 x2 + 6  x >; 3 → x 3; 3 ¹

 Hcre bcres 2 ( b ¹ ¹ ) → 6  x +  x + 6  x ; 2 → x ; 2 ¹
2 3 2 > 2

 Hcre bcres > ( b ¹ ¹ > ) → 6 x 3 + 6  x 2+ x >; > → x >; > ¹

Dche pmgymlmscecg ^VL hectcs chclcj  x 3;3 , x 2; 2, hcg  x >; >

=. Ncrelcj siluse sestmk pmrsckccg legmcr bmreout kmg``ugcocg mlekegcse

@cuss- Dirhcg4
 x 3− x 2+ 2  x >−  x 8 ;−3 
2  x 3 +  x − 2  x − 2  x ;− 2 
2 > 8

− x + 2  x − 8 x + x ;3 

3 2 > 8

> x 3 − > x ;− > 8

Vmgymlmscecg4

_ |[ _ |  [ |  [
 3   −3 2 −3 −3 b −2b 3   −3 2   −3 −3 3   −3 2   −3 −3
3   − 2 − 2 −2 −1
2 3
2 6 6
b +b
−3 2   −8 3 3 > 3 6 3
> 6 6 −> b −> 8 6
−> b 3

_
30
 −12 6   b→
> 66 3
−−221 6  

 _ |  [ _ |  [
6 2 6
3   −3 2   −3 −3 3 6 6   −3 −3
b >− b 2 6 3 −2 6 −2 6
b3 +
6 6 3 6
2   →  Kctreos msmlig
b 8− > 6 6 6 6 6
b
→ 6 6 6 6 6
bcres
b2 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

tmrmhuose

30
Hcre bmgtuo msmlig bcres tmrmhuose kcoc hcpct hebuct pmrsckccggyc, ycetu 4
   x 3− x 8;− 3 .....................(e)

   x 2− 2 x> ; 6 ……(ee)
Hcre (e) hepmrilmj4
 x  x 3
3; 8−  
Hcre (ee) hepmrilmj4
 x 2; 2 x>  

Kesclocg  x >;r  hcg  x 8 ;s , kcoc siluse ^VL tmrsmbut chclcj4

 x 3; s− 3 , x 2; 2 r , x >; r , x 8; s ,  ycg` hclck jcl ege r,s

∊ R. Dche pmgymlmscecg ^VL hectcs chclcj  x 3;3 , x 2; 2, hcg

x >; >

3:
Lmkbcr Dcwcbcg Kcjcseswc

3.Rmpighmg 3

35
2. Rmspighmg 2

26
>. Rmspighmg >

23
22
2>