FEM FOR TWO-DIMENSIONAL TRUSSES

ūyi uyi
φ uyj
ūxi ūyj
ūx2
ūx2 ūxj
uxi
2 φ
𝑦 uxj
𝑥̅
j
1 2

uyi
y ūyi
ūx1 ūx3 ϕ
ūxi
1 3
uxi
x i

Node displacements transform as

u2 in element 1 and u2 in element 2
are not independent 𝑢 =𝑢 𝑐+𝑢 𝑠 𝑢 = −𝑢 𝑠 + 𝑢 𝑐
but they have different orientation 𝑢 =𝑢 𝑐+𝑢 𝑠 𝑢 = −𝑢 𝑠 + 𝑢 𝑐

where 𝑐 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑 𝑠 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜑

 WORKED EXAMPLE
𝐸𝐴 100
element 1 ∆𝑥 = 100 = 10
𝐿 10
𝐸𝐴 50
element 2 ∆𝑦 = 100 = 5
𝐿 10
𝐸𝐴 200 2
element 3 (−∆𝑥)∆𝑦 = (−100) = −10
𝐿 10 2

Element stiffness matrix (35)

Leading to

∆𝑥 ∆𝑥∆𝑦 −∆𝑥 −∆𝑥∆𝑦

𝐸𝐴 ∆𝑥∆𝑦 ∆𝑦 −∆𝑥∆𝑦 −∆𝑦
𝐾= (34)
𝐿 −∆𝑥 −∆𝑥∆𝑦 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥∆𝑦
−∆𝑥∆𝑦 −∆𝑦 ∆𝑥∆𝑦 ∆𝑦
RULES FOR ASSEMBLY OF STIFFNESS MATRIX
x1 y1 x2 y2
x1
y1 x1 y1 x2 y2 x3 y3

x2 x1
y2
y1
x2 y2 x3 y3
x2 x2
y2
x3
(36) y2

y3 x3

x1 y1 x3 y3 y3
x1
y1
x3
y3
RULES FOR ASSEMBLY OF STIFFNESS MATRIX
x1 y1 x2 y2
x1
y1
x2
y2

x2 y2 x3 y3
x2
y2
x3
(36) (37)
y3

x1 y1 x3 y3
x1
y1
x3
y3
GLOBAL EQUILIBRIUM IN MATRIX FORM

(38)
BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
 BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

1 2 3 4 5 6

6
 BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

(39)

1 2 3 4 5 6

(40)
LOCAL DISPLACEMENTS AND MEMBER FORCES
Putting the solution into the general formulation, The local equilibrium is given by

2 1
LOCAL DISPLACEMENTS - STRESS AND STRAIN
Elongation

 3  u x3  u x1  0.1 2

Strain
 3 0.1 2
3    0.01
L3 10 2
Stress
 3  E 3  0.01E
Internal Force

N 3   3 A3  0.01  200 2  2 2