How to write Chemical Formula?

Atoms
The building blocks of all matter are atoms.

Symbols of atoms of different elements

Element Symbol
Aluminium Al
Argon Ar
Barium Ba
Boron B
Bromine Br
Calcium Ca
Carbon C
Chlorine Cl
Cobalt Co
Copper Cu
Fluorine F
Gold Au
Hydrogen H
Iodine I
Iron Fe
Lead Pb
Magnesium Mg
Neon Ne
Nitrogen N
Oxygen O
Potassium K
Silicon Si
Silver Ag
Sodium Na
Sulphur S
Uranium U
Zinc Zn
How do atoms exist?
▪ Atoms of most elements are not able to exist independently.

▪ Atoms form molecules and ions.

▪ These molecules or ions aggregate in large numbers to form the matter that we

can see, feel or touch.

What is a Molecule?
▪ A molecule can be defined as the smallest particle of an element or a compound
that is capable of an independent existence and shows all the properties of that
substance.
▪ Atoms of the same element or of different elements can join together to form
molecules.

Molecules of elements
𝑂2
𝐻𝑒
𝑁𝑎

Molecules of compounds
Atoms of different elements join together in definite proportions to form molecules of
compounds.

𝐻2 𝑂
𝑁𝐻3

What is an ion?
▪ Compounds composed of metals and non-metals contain charged species. The

charged species are known as ions.

▪ An ion is a charged particle and can be negatively or positively charged.

▪ A negatively charged ion is called an ‘anion’ and the positively charged ion, a ‘cation’.

𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 → 𝑁𝑎 + 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶𝑙 −

▪ A group of atoms carrying a charge is known as a polyatomic ion.

𝑆𝑂42−
What is Valency?
▪ The combining power (or capacity) of an element is known as its valency.
▪ The valency of the atom of an element can be thought of as hands or arms of
that atom.

Valencies of some simple and polyatomic ions

Anions

Valency = 1
Hydrogen 𝑯+
Sodium 𝑵𝒂+
Potassium 𝑲+
Silver 𝑨𝒈+
Copper(I) 𝑪𝒖+
Ammonium 𝑵𝑯+
𝟒
-
Valency = 2
Magnesium 𝑴𝒈𝟐+
Calcium 𝑪𝒂𝟐+
Zinc 𝒁𝒏𝟐+
Barium 𝑩𝒂𝟐+
Lead 𝑷𝒃𝟐+
Iron (II) 𝑭𝒆𝟐+
Copper (II) 𝑪𝒖𝟐+

Valency = 3
Aluminium 𝑨𝒍𝟑+
Iron (III) 𝑭𝒆𝟑+
Cations

Valency = 1
Hydride 𝑯−
Chloride 𝑪𝒍−
Bromide 𝑩𝒓−
Iodide 𝑰−
Hydroxide 𝑶𝑯−
Nitrate 𝑵𝑶−
𝟑
Hydrogen
𝑯𝑪𝑶−
carbonate 𝟑

Valency = 2
Oxide 𝑶𝟐−
Sulphide 𝑺𝟐−
Carbonate 𝑪𝑶𝟑 𝟐−
Sulphite 𝑺𝑶𝟑 𝟐−
Sulphate 𝑺𝑶𝟒 𝟐−

Valency = 3
Nitride 𝑵𝟑−
Phosphate 𝑷𝑶𝟒 𝟑−
Writing Chemical Formula
Hydrogen chloride

Hydrogen sulphide

Magnesium chloride

Aluminium oxide

Calcium oxide

Sodium nitrate

Calcium hydroxide

Sodium carbonate

Ammonium sulphate

Sodium oxide

Aluminium Chloride

Sodium sulphide

Magnesium hydroxide

Barium sulphate

Potassium sulphate

Calcium chloride

Calcium carbonate
Please Like and Subscribe
Share this video with your friends