Miss Liseth Carrutiero P.

English Teacher
SURVEY EQUIPMENTS

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SURVEY EQUIPMENT
TOTAL STATIONS

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 INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS IT USED FOR?

Combined with the core features - a wide variety

of surveying tasks are possible in the right hands.
Conventional land surveying techniques are faster
and more accurate than ever before.

A total station (TS) or total station theodolite (TST) is an

electronic/optical instrument used for surveying and building
construction. It is an electronic transit theodolite integrated with
electronic distance measurement (EDM) to measure both vertical
and horizontal angles and the slope distance from the instrument ENGLISH FOR
to a particular point, and an on-board computer to collect data
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and perform triangulation calculations.
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 ANGLE
MEASUREMENT
Most total station instruments
measure angles by means of electro-
optical scanning of extremely precise
digital bar-codes etched on rotating
glass cylinders or discs within the
instrument.

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 DISTANCE
MEASUREMENT
Measurement of distance is accomplished
with a modulated infrared carrier signal,
generated by a small solid-state emitter
within the instrument's optical path, and
reflected by a prism reflector or the object
under survey. The modulation pattern in the
returning signal is read and interpreted by
the computer in the total station.

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 COORDINATE
MEASUREMENT
The coordinates of an unknown point relative to
a known coordinate can be determined using the
total station as long as a direct line of sight can be
established between the two points. Angles and
distances are measured from the total station to
points under survey, and the coordinates (X, Y,
and Z; or easting, northing, and elevation) of
surveyed points relative to the total station
position are calculated using trigonometry and
triangulation.

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 DATA
PROCESSING
It is Include internal electronic data
storage to record distance, horizontal
angle, and vertical angle measured, while
other models are equipped to write these
measurements to an external data
collector, such as a hand-held computer.

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WHERE ARE
TOTAL
STATIONS
USED?

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 TOPOGRAPHY TACHYMETRY
It us a fast but not ac c urate measurement
method. It is used for surveying details where
it is difficult to handle the tape measure:
• Contour Lines
• Topographic fills and preliminary works

Technique that consists of describing

and representing in a plane the surface
or relief of a terrain.

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 CATASTRAL These techniques will be applicable in the
TOPOGRAPHY drilling of tunnels for roads and railways, in
certain hydraulic works, in the creation of
underground storage spaces, etc.

It is carried out mainly for legal purposes in

order to precisely establish the boundaries of
properties between neighbors and their use. M I N I N G TOPOGRAPHY:
Cadastral study become part of the registry
of property titles (also known as ca taster).

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 RECONSTRUCTION OF ACCIDENTS ENVIRONMENTAL TOPOGRAPHY
One of the most important fields and in which
the topography is reflected and is the
specialization in the recovery of
contaminated soils, measurements and also
the altimetry to determine the degree of
contamination of the land to review.

The reconstruction of traffic accidents and other

forensic cases require management attentive in
topographic work, this task being the basis of:
• Reconstruction
• 3D animation
• Analysis of roads and their geometric
composition
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 MAPP I N G GEODESY
It is the science that is responsible for studying
the shape and dimensions of the Earth´s
surface including the Earth´s gravitational
field, as well as the surface of the ocean floor
and temporal variations.

It is the applied science that is in charge of

gathering, making and analyzing
measurements and data from regions of the
Earth, to represent them graphically with
different linear dimensions.
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THANK YOU