Name:

Section:
1.What is the function of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP)? Does the
Citizen Armed force part of the AFP? Explain.
The Philippine Armed Forces, as the people's country protectors, playing a very important
role in maintaining the peace and harmony in society.
Defending the country from terrorism,wars and other dangers, both civilian and military in nature
Despite the ongoing sequence of issues involving the military these past few months facing the
burden brought by the
pandemic,those connected to graft and corruption, as well as the ongoing division in the AFP hi
erarchy, which has sparked public fear of imminent coup attempts, the military has remained un
affected and unbothered. Such a role could not be denied. Thus;
demonstrating it was necessary, significance and indispensability.
Citizen Armed force and AFP is almost the same, the only difference is in their schedule and
time. Citizen Armed has only minimal time, they only show up when the Philippine Armed Force
(AFP) is lacking officials and/or army they are the reserve armed force. Also in AFP they have
full time salary.

2. The AFP has basic technical, administrative. Expound each services in your
own understanding.
The basic service of the Armed force of the Philippines is composing the Three major services;
Philippine Army (PA) which conducts the ground combat operations, Philippine Air Force (PAF)
which secures the Philippine air space and the Philippine Navy (PN) which secures the
Philippine territorial waters. And another one is the Philippines Constabulary. When it talks
about to Military areas Philippine Constabulary is included, it is the oldest service and was
known to be disbanded enforcement. Each service considers the other service as Brothers-in-
arms and each one look up to others equally. Enlisted personnel is also included in Basic
Service; Private, Private First Class, Corporal, Sergeant, Staff Sergeant, Technical Sergeant,
Master Sergeant, Senior Master Sergeant, and Chief Master Sergeant or their equivalent in the
Philippine Navy and Philippine Air Force.
In other words, the officials of armed force of the Philippines including the reserve armed force
and/or Citizen Armed force.
The Technical Service in Armed Force of the Philippines (AFP) is consisting of Medical Corps,
Dental Service, Nurse Corps, Veterinary Corps and the Judge Advocate General Service or the
Lawyers. Those who is in the medical field that can give service support and support in the
headquarters. Can be consisted of 50 personnel under the command of Armed Forces of the
Philippines.
The administrative service is consisting of Captain Service, Women Auxiliary corps, medical
administrative corps, and the corps of Professors. For each of the basic,
technical, and administrative services, the Chief of Staff may group and place militaries in its
designated responsibilities and appropriate military occupational specializations.
Officers in the basic, technical, and administrative services, as well as those enlisted in the basi
c service, are assigned to the Secretary of National Defense's rules and regulations.

3. What do you mean by Chief of Staff? What is the function if the chief of Staff?
Who is the present Chief of staff of the Philippines?
According to Merriam webster Chief of staff means the ranking officer of a staff in the armed
forces serving as principal adviser to a commander and the ranking officer of the army or air
force and a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. In Collins dictionary, Chief of Staffs is the senior
staff officer under the commander of major military formation and organization. It is also the
senior officer of each service of Armed forces. Furthermore, The Chief of Staff of the Armed
Forces of the Philippines (CSAFP) is the highest military officer in the Armed Forces who holds
the position of commander in chief. According to another source, Chief of Staff of the Armed
Forces Of the Philippines commands all the elements including the three major services. The
Philippine Air Force, Army, and Navy. Commander in chief or the chief of staff is currently
holding by our president Rodrigo Roa Duterte.
In term of responsibilities, the Chief of Staff carries out the President's
direct orders to the Armed Forces in military operations, but in this case, the president itself is
the one responsible implementing orders and in charge of planning, designing, and
implementing the Secretary of National Defense's national defense program.

4. What are the characteristic of demolition materials? Is it important to learn and

study the military explosives, why?
demolition ( wrecking) or demolition materials is an engineering project to reduce a building,
structure, paved surface or utility infrastructure through manual and/or mechanized means, with
or without the assistance of explosive materials to piles of mixed debris or rubble. Demolition is
usually accomplished in a relatively short time frame with or without attempts to segregate the
debris or rubble into its various components like wood, metal, steel, cooper, concrete/bricks, etc.
use for recycling.
Construction and Demolition materials consist of the debris generated during the construction,
renovation and demolition of buildings, roads and bridges. These are generated when new
building and civil-engineering structures are renovated or demolished including deconstruction
activities. Civil-engineering structures including public works, projects such as streets and
highways, bridges, utility plants, piers and dams. Demolition materials contains heavy materials
such as; concrete, woods (from building), asphalt (from roads), metals, bricks, glass, plastics,
salvage building such doors and windows, and plumbing fixtures. Tress, stumps, earth and rock
etc.
For Military Explosives, from the word “explosive” it is an any substance or device that can be
made to produce a volume of rapidly expanding gas in an extremely brief period. The three
fundamental types are; mechanical, nuclear and chemical. The nuclear is usually the military
explosives armed force be using, which a sustained nuclear reaction can be made to take place
with almost instant rapidity, releasing large amounts of energy. In specific, this mainly referred
to Nitro- explosives, such as 2,4,6- nitrotoluene (TNT), Dinitrotuluene (DNT), hexogen (RDX)
and so on. The sensitive, selective and rapid detection of nitro- explosive vapors is still a
change owing to their low vapor pressured at room temperature.
An improvised Explosive device or the military explosive is a type off unconventional explosive
weapon that can take many different forms and can be used in a variety of ways. They attack
both military and civilians. IEDs are becoming increasingly essential in today’s wars and will
continue to be future of the operating environment for future military operations. In any and or
marine operations involving asymmetrical threats, military must stay prepared to counter IEDs,
with force protection remaining a top priority.

6. Why do we have to know about equipment destructions? What is the purpose

of bridge demolition? Does this destruct the enemy? How?
We should always know the Military equipment destructions well before we touch or perform
any type of practices, testing, and/or placing it in a battle field. Because without the proper
knowledge of the equipment you will not know how to use the materials especially the military
explosive ( a veery dangerous equipment) on how to handle it and how to avoid mistakes
mishandling the equipment.
If we work in task forced and head quarters we will eventually see and encounter to use the
military equipment, you’ll undoubtedly encounter many kinds of expensive and dangerous
equipment and machines. Knowing how to use these all can benefit to you. You should know
how to handle it safely, use it efficiently, get and use the proper materials.
Usually, bridge demolition only perform due to their dangerous nature, require extensive
expertise and planning. As more bridges near the end of their useful lives and require demolition
or replacement, bridge demolition is becoming more of a concern. Bridges can only be
demolished if you have legal and valid reason to demolished it such the purpose of road
widening and/or replacement because the bridge is too old. But in the case of starting wars,
sometimes they use to demolished aa land area including bridges because they bridges plays
crucial parts in ones country’s economy and transportation, the enemy may distract

7. Aside from the qualities of a follower, that is stated inn the module, create at
least 5 qualities that every followers should posses and briefly explain it.
In many perspective, Followers are ones being polite and loyal to his own country. Searching
the exact role of being a follower, it says, A follower can provide strength to the leader by
supporting the leader and by contributing to the organization in areas that complement the
leader’s position. In order to be an effective follower, you should be well-balance and
responsible adults who can succeed without strong leadership. Many followers believe they
offer as much value to the organization as leaders do, especially in project or task-force
operations- In Praise Followers, Harvard Review
In Military, Leaders serve to provide purpose, directions and motivations. Army work hard to
lead the people, to develop themselves. Their subordinate, and their organizations and to
achieve mission accomplished across the conflicts. And so are the followers have to understand
how Military’s sacrifice and defend for the country in order for us to have a safe country.
As a follower, I think these also should be possessed
ETHICS, Good followers ae good workers. They are diligent, motivated, committed, paying
attention to details and making the effort
HHONESTY, Honesty must posses as a follower, this is a responsibility of every human being.
Respect and polite are important and followers also have o be able to offer constructively
critical feedback

EGO MANAGEEMENT, Good followers must have their egos under control. We are all having
the same raise and same country to live in. We have to be humble and try to listen to one
another because your perspective is different from others perspective in life so when conflicts
occur, managing your own Ego and setting aside what do you think is right and good, think of
your opposing side if their opinion also right. In this case, we will maintain the harmonious and
balance society.

HUMILLITY, As what I said in EGO MANAGEMENT, a good Leaders are energize not by being
right, but rather by the glory that comes from the entire team reaching the pinnacle of success,
and so are the followers also. Great followers are focused on executing the best ideas
regardless of who provided them or who gets credit.

TOLERANCE, A follower must accept that his/her leader is also a human, and allow them
imperfection and failure without judgment. When your leader can’t endure it, you must take the
place and insists to help your leader. This what makes a good follower being tolerance his/her
teammates and/or leaders.

8. Differentiate leaders from followership. What do you think is the important role
of the leader and a follower during the Military Mission?
Incorporation site and James L. Clark have suggested traits of a good leader and a responsive
followers. Without great followers, no leader would achieve greatness. See here I you have
what it takes to be both. Shakespeare wrote in his Twelfth Night “ Some are born great and
some earn greatness and others have greatness thrust upon them”. Whether earned by birth or
circumstance, outstanding leadership qualities are to be praised. And they’re frequently
required to lead a high-performing team, or have successful and organized ground battle.
However, a healthy leadership-followership connection is crucial. A leader who works alone
achieves little more than mediocrity.
In military, leaders the ones influencing others to accomplish the mission by providing purpose,
directions and motivation. While in followership,, it is defined as the ability or willingness to
follow a leader. It is because as military leaders, they have been groomed to take charge and
make decisions. From the first day of their service, they are pounded and molded to be a leader.
Also, in military. Every person in them must have to learn to follow before they become a leader
too. If you can’t follow, you can’t lead
Behind every leaders is a group of individuals that determine the level of a leader’s success. It is
the depth of the subordinates desire to follow and execute directives and seek initiative that
often results in success.
The followers must be willing the submit to leader’s authority. In military, this is an implied task.
That’s why thee is saying, if you can’t follow, you can’t lead. There is nothing wrong with being a
follower that executes directives to standard, ensures the boss is informed. The relationship
works best when both parties work together for the common good.
Great leaders are fearless in their pursuit and missions. Clearing path for those who follow,
always in the front line representing how bold and patriotic his followers for the country that
were fighting for.
Great followers follow and trust their Leader, taking the risk and taking advantage of the
chances provided by their leaders.

9. In your understanding define the styles/types of followers. Enumerate the two

dimensions of followers behavior together with each four sub scales.
Lussier and Achua indicate that Kelley is still the major contributor to this area of followership
and follower types. He started looking by two types of behavior;
CRITICAL THINKING- It looks at the quality of being independent, critical thinking versus
depended and uncritical thinking (daft, 2008) . Lussier and Achua describe describe critical
thinkers as proactive, creative, innovative and willing to offer constructive criticism when it’s
appropriate.
ACTIVE NVOLVEMENNT- This dimension looks at active versus passive behavior. Daft
describe an active follower as someone who participates fully in an organization, engage in
behavior that id beyond the limits of the job, demonstrate a sense of ownership, and initiates
problem solving and decision making.
From this, he created five different types of follower;
ALIENATED FOLLOWERS- This follower is passive but independent one and also a critical
thinker. But in conflict of his attitude, this type of follower is oftenly focuses on thinking
negatively on the organization, possibly because they have been overlooked for their good
performance I the past. This kind of followers more likely do not participate in the solving of the
problems although they the ability to do so (In military, this kind of attitude won’t be accepted
especially following your leaders and officers is a must in their field). Having a follower like this
is not healthy for the team.
EFFECTIVE FOLLOWERS- This type of follower is an active one, veery independent and also a
critical thinker. They behave the polite towards to everyone. They have the willingness to follow
thee leaders, trust them have the courage. They are initiative and also putting themselves at risk
or in conflicts with others, even their leaders to serve the best interest of the organization (Daft,
2008). You can be friends with this kind of followers
SHEEP OR PASSIVE FOLLOWEERS- This kind of follower is passive and uncritical, a
dependent one. They can’t decide and create their own way without their leaders and co
-followers, always leaning on. They planning ideas are always left to the leader and this kind of
follower always does what is within the scope of their mission. They are more oftenly describe
as the lazy and unmotivated one.
YES PEOPLE OR CONFORMISTS- This kind of followers in an active one but also not a critical
thinker. Don’t have their own decision in life, they don’t have their own mind, always saying yes,
they don’t want to think and examine something so they just say yes. They carry out all the
orders without considering the consequences of such orders. A conformist would do everything
to avoid conflict (Lussier and Achua, 2007). This style of followership suits the authoritarian
stye of management.
SURVIVORS OR PRAGMATIC FOLLOWERS
The followers shows a little of all four style, they have all the four characteristic. They can be all
dpendinng on the situation. They use whatever style that best and suits and can benefits for
her/his postion. Pragmatic know to work the system to get things done if the organization is
facing difficulties and this same behaviors can be seen as playing political games or adjusting
to maximize self-interest.

P.S. SOURCE FROM ACHUA.EDUC

10. Do you believe that one cannot be an effective leader if he/she is not an
affective follower? Defend your answer. Is it necessary to be an effective leader
and a follower to accomplish a task/mission? Why?
No, I don’t believe someone or a army can be an effective leader if she or he is not going to be
a responsible follower. Effective follower comes from a responsible follower, the one who can
decide on his own when the leader can’t endure thee task He must be able to take over it.
Followers have to know what they stand for and be willing to express their own ideas and
opinions to their leaders, even though this might mean risking their job, this is one of traits of
an army should be possessed, fighting fr what is right. The follower must be responsive first, an
active one yet, very critical thinker. Not a YESPEOPLE type of follower and even not a
ELIENATED FOLLOWER. Followers and Leaders have similar characteristics. A leader is
Independent and active in the organization, and so are the effective followers. In military,
there’s a saying “ you can’t lead if you can’t follow”. So before becoming a leader, you must
show how well, passionate and determined you are first. These also a requirement of becoming
a leader in military.
Being an effective followers and leaders is necessary to accomplish the mission. How do you
accomplish your task or mission if you are not an effective leader or worst your followers are not
an effective one. Though being the effective is not always easy, it takes courage; Courage to
challenge, be bold and fearless. Courage to participate, in order for the team to succeed across
the mission. Courage to serve and be a servient, it should be, humble yourself. Above all else
responsible and productive leader and followers always make the task get done.

11. What are the military technologies that are being used in the past and what it
is made of? Hoow our ancestors used this technologies during war and what are
the importance of it.
These are the military technologies in the past that defend every country especially in the past
world wars. Which are the defensive weapons used in the past that made a country winning the
war on the western part.
RED ARMY/SOVIET BIG 7- at the start of civil war, the reed army consisted of 299 infantry
regiments. The civil war intensified after Lenin dissolved the Russian constituent assembly (5-6,
January 1918) and the soviet government signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (3 march, 1918),
removing the Russia from the great war. A composite view of Soviet combat equipment known
as the "Big 7."
A ZSU-23-4 armored anti-aircraft weapon, A T-722 tank, An SA-8 Gecko surface-to-air missile
system mounted on a three-axle amphibious vehicle, An Mi—24 Hind-D gunship with one nose
machine gun and four anti-tank missiles, A BB=MP-1 amphibious armored infantry combat
vehicle with a 73mm smoothbore gun and an anti-tank missile, An M-1974122mm self-propelled
gun, An M-1973 152mm self-propelled gun. Date Shot: 1 Sep 1981 (SOURCE: FROM
WIKIMDIA SUMMARRY)
SAMUARI- Made from black-lacquered iron plates tied together, the armor was flexible,
allowing its wearer to move freely. The armored skirt, called a kusazuri, shields the thighs, while
the arm coverings combine protective chain mail with fine blue silk.The samurai trace their
origins to the Heian Period campaigns to subdue the native Emishi people in the Tohoku
Region. Around the same time, warriors were increasingly hired by wealthy landowners that had
grown independent of the central government and built armies for their own protection. The two
most powerful of these landowning clans, the Minamoto and taira, eventually challenged the
central government and battled each other for supremacy over the entire country. Minamoto
Yoritomo emerged victorious and set up a new military government in 1192, led by
the shogun or supreme military commander. The samurai would rule over Japan for most of the
next 700 years. (JAPAN GUIDE.COM)
ANCIENT EGYPTIAN TABLET- The Akhmim wooden tablets, also known as the Cairo wooden
tablets (Cairo Cat. 25367 and 25368), are two wooden writing tablets from ancient Egypt,
solving arithmetical problems. They each measure around 18 by 10 inches (460 mm × 250 mm)
and are covered with plaster. The tablets are inscribed on both sides. The Egyptian soldiers
carried a simple armament consisting of a spear with a copper spearhead and a large wooden
shield covered by leather hides (ANCIENT EGYPTIAN TABLETS). A stone mace was also
carried in the Archaic period, though later this weapon was probably only in ceremonial use, and
was replaced with the bronze battle axe.
ARMOUR- armor, also spelled armor, also called body armor, protective clothing with the ability
to deflect or absorb the impact of projectiles or other weapons that may be used against its
wearer. the plate armor that protected the knights of Europe in the Middle ages. That armour
was composed of large steel or iron plates that were linked by loosely closed rivets and by
internal leathers to allow the wearer maximum freedom of movement.

CORINTHIAN-STYLE HELMET- The Corinthian helmet originated in ancient Greece and took
its name from the city-state of Corinth. It was a helmet made of bronze which in its later styles
covered the entire head and neck, with slits for the eyes and mouth. A large curved projection
protected the nape of the neck.
SUMERIAN PHALANX- Hoplites carried a circular shield called a hoplon (often referred to as
an aspis) made from wood and covered in bronze, measuring roughly 1 meter (3.3 ft) in
diameter. It spanned from chin to knee and was very heavy (8–15 kg (18–33 lb)
SLING-Made with Dyneema, has 30% higher tenacity than generic fibers used on other brand's
sling protection. Its the world's strongest fiber and is 7 times lighter than steel at the same
strength and diameter.
SWORD- 1060 carbon steel provides a good balance of strength and hardness. Many durable
swords are made from this type of steel. It's more popular than 1045 carbon steel but more
difficult to make. 1095 carbon steel katanas can take and keep a much keener edge than
katanas with lower carbon content.
ARCHERS- use to longbow, crossbow and composite bow. After certain ritual movements, the
archer moves to the shooting line and shoots from a distance of 28 meters at a target 36 cm in
diameter set in a bank of sand that is roofed over. The bow used is 2.21 meters long and made
of laminated strips of bamboo and wood.

12. There are many pre-colonial conflict happened in the past, choose at least
two conflicts and discuss it thoroughly.
WAR IN PPRE-COLONIAL EASTERN AFRICA
War in Pre-Colonial Eastern Africa investigates the nature and goals of violence in the
nineteenth century in their region. It is especially concerned about Ethiopia’s highlands and the
Great Lakes. It will be useful to military historians as well as anyone working in modern
development and conflict resolution who wants to learn more about the deeper historical
foundations of African Fighting. Poverty, human rights violations, bad governance and
corruption, ethnic marginalization, and small arms proliferation are all common causes in these
wars. Slavey being flourished in this pre-colonial era just like here in the country before. But the
British declared it illegal in the early nineteenth century.
WARFARE IN PRE-COLONIAL PHILIPPINES
Refers to the military history of the Philippines prior to Spanish colonization. The islands’
(PHILIPPINESS) pre colonial period, during which indigenous people engaged in healthy trade
with various cultures and economies in the region, gave way to a long colonial period, first
under Spanish rules for over 300 years, and then under American rule, during which it was
briefly occupied by the Japanese during world war II. Before the archipelago was incorporated
into the Spanish empire, slavery was common on the Philippines island. Slavery—free policies
established by the Spanish crown for their dominion in the America were extended to their
colony in the Philippines. The Philippines were administered by the royalty of Spain and the
manila galleon’s endpoint in Acapulco occasionally saw the immigration of Philippines slaves
known as chinos. Since the early 16tth century,, crown policies on the treatment of indigenous
people ang thee prohibition of slavery have been enforced across the America. Though with
time and following the spread of Christianity slavery was completely abolished
13. What is revolts? Why do people revolts? Choose at least three Philippine
revolts that happened during Spanish colonial period and discuss each in your
own understanding.
In dictionary, revolts means “ rise and rebellion” and/or “cause to feel discuss. Forced labor
imposed by the Spanish, as well as abuses committed by Spanish officials and friars, were the
main causes of Filipino revolts against the Spanish occupiers
In the Philippines history. There are over 200 revolts that happened in the Philippines during the
Spanish colonial government. The longest revolt in the Philippines was the Dagohoy Rebellion.
The dagohoy rebellion, also known as the dagohoy evolution an the dagohoy revolt. This was
led by Francisco Sendrijas, the rebellion took place on the island off Bohol from 1744 to 1829,
lasting for roughly 85 years.
Another one is the Dagami Revolt. The Dagami Revolt (SPANISH;:la revuelto del dagami) was
a revolt iin the philippinees against Spanish colonial control. It was led by gabi’s Chief Dagami
(now part of palo). The insurrection began in 1565, however it is commonly referred too as the
year of dagami’s execution in 1567. On May 22, 1565, a group of 16 warriors led by Chief
Dagami and four other chiefs lurked outside the fortified Spanish colony in Cebu with the
intention of killing some Spaniards. On the morning of May 23, Pedro de Arana, a member of
Spanish Governor Miguel López de Legazpi's personal company, emerged alone from the fort.
They speared him and cut off his head a as he strolled along the beach near the battle party.
They returned to Gabi and threw a huge party and feast in honor of it. At the time, the murder
went unsolved, and Dagami remained Chief of Gabi and fomented rebellion. After two
Spaniards were killed and three more were nearly killed within the fort after drinking poisoned
wine obtained from Sugbu/Cebu wine-sellers, Legazpi
EXPLANATIONS:
Don’t blame your boss.
Your job is to support, not undermine, your boss or leader. You should respect the leader.
Fight with your boss, if necessary, but do it ONLY in private.
Do not argue or create embarrassing situations in front of the team. When you disagree, discuss
in private to come to an agreement.
Make the Decision!
Feel free to provide the best recommendation even though you may not have the final decision.
Make the decision to support the team!
Accept responsibility whenever it is offered.
Ask for responsibility and accept it when it is offered to you. You are a vital part of the team. In
fact, a follower is one of the most important team members.
Tell the truth and don’t quibble.
It is important to get good and quality information. This involves telling the truth about a current
or upcoming situation. Do not sit on the sidelines and simply tell the leader what they want to
hear.
Do your homework; give your boss all the information needed.
Anticipate and find the answers to questions your leader may ask or be asked by their
superiors. Make sure the team is moving towards their goal and succeeding.
When making a recommendation, remember who will probably have to implement it.
You must know your own limitations and weaknesses, especially when making
recommendations. This will ensure that all tasks are completing in the proper and timely
manner.
Keep your boss informed of what’s going on in the office.
Do not be afraid to share who may need more support. Remember, this may happen to you as
well, so accept it with an open mind.
If you see a problem, fix it.
Do not worry who will get the praise or the punishment. Instead, focus on removing obstacles to
reaching the goal as a team.
Put in more than an honest day’s work, but don’t ever forget the needs of your family.
When possible, do more work than is needed so that the goal can be reached, but do not
sacrifice your family in this process.